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The Ecology of Hedgerows and Field Margins最新文献

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Biodiversity value of urban hedges 城市绿篱的生物多样性价值
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-14
E. Atkins
Rural hedges are ubiquitous features in the British landscape and are recognised for their biological, cultural and aesthetic importance. Hedges are also present in urban settings; as relicts of previously farmed landscapes and as planted boundaries. Relatively little is known about their composition, spatial distribution nor their biodiversity value to our cities. This thesis responds to this knowledge gap by evaluating the ecological value of urban hedges in the UK with a focus on their use by birds, small mammals and insects. The research involved habitat surveys undertaken in the city of Stoke-on-Trent (2015 – 2017) to collect data including: hedge species and physical structure, surrounding land-use and floral composition of verges. Associated field surveys of birds, insects and small mammals were also completed. In addition to the ecological assessment, a photographic perception study was conducted to investigate the public perceptions of Stoke-on-Trent’s hedges. This sought to identify which type of hedge species, management style and appearance was most valued in the urban context. Results indicated that birds, insects and small mammals all preferred wide hedges with verges, associated with woody habitats. Significant preference was shown by birds and mammals for hawthorn hedges over beech, privet or non-hedged controls. For the first time, arboreal use of urban hedges by small mammals was also demonstrated. The visual and aesthetic characteristics of hedges favoured by the public were in-line with those that enhanced biodiversity. Hedges provide a range of ecosystem services as well as opportunities for contact with nature and their continued existence in cities should be supported. As such, this thesis concludes with a set of management guidelines for local authority staff to use in order to maximise their benefit to the people who live alongside them and the wildlife that lives within them.
乡村树篱是英国景观中无处不在的特征,因其生物、文化和美学的重要性而得到认可。树篱也存在于城市环境中;作为以前农耕景观的遗迹和种植的边界。相对而言,人们对它们的组成、空间分布以及它们对我们城市的生物多样性价值知之甚少。本文通过评估英国城市树篱的生态价值来回应这一知识差距,重点关注鸟类、小型哺乳动物和昆虫的使用。该研究涉及在特伦特河畔斯托克市(Stoke-on-Trent)进行的栖息地调查(2015 - 2017),收集的数据包括:树篱种类和物理结构、周围的土地利用和边缘的植物组成。还完成了鸟类、昆虫和小型哺乳动物的相关实地调查。除了生态评估外,还进行了一项摄影感知研究,以调查公众对特伦特河畔斯托克树篱的看法。该研究旨在确定哪种类型的树篱物种、管理风格和外观在城市环境中最受重视。结果表明,鸟类、昆虫和小型兽类均偏好与木本生境相关的宽边树篱。鸟类和哺乳动物对山楂树篱的偏好明显高于山毛榉、女贞或非树篱对照。研究还首次证实了小型哺乳动物对城市树篱的利用。公众喜爱的树篱的视觉和美学特征与那些增强生物多样性的特征是一致的。树篱提供了一系列的生态系统服务,以及与自然接触的机会,它们在城市中的持续存在应该得到支持。因此,本文总结了一套管理指导方针,供地方当局工作人员使用,以便最大限度地为与他们一起生活的人以及生活在其中的野生动物带来利益。
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引用次数: 0
Bird and invertebrate ecology in field margins 野外边缘的鸟类和无脊椎动物生态学
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-13
C. Stoate
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引用次数: 0
Multi-scale control of carabid assemblages in hedgerow network landscapes 植物篱网络景观中甲虫组合的多尺度控制
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-8
J. Baudry, F. Burel
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引用次数: 4
Hedges for invertebrates and plants 无脊椎动物和植物的树篱
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-3
R. Pywell
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引用次数: 4
Botanical diversity in the hedges and field margins of lowland Britain 英国低地树篱和田野边缘的植物多样性
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-2
P. Wilson
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引用次数: 4
Ecology and conservation of mammals of hedgerows and field margins 植物篱和田埂哺乳动物的生态学与保护
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-12
R. Feber, P. Johnson, M. Gelling, D. Macdonald
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引用次数: 3
Introduction to hedgerows and field margins 介绍树篱和田野边缘
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-1
J. Dover
This book is primarily about the ecology of hedgerows, but we have included ‘field margins’ in the title of the book because to understand what happens in hedgerows, it is necessary to consider the influences of the adjacent land use, and these are much more complex than when Ernie Pollard, Max Hooper and Norman Moore published their seminal work Hedges in 1974 (Pollard et al. 1974). Indeed, in many cases in order to understand what is happening at the local level, it is important to consider the wider landscape-scale issues. Since the publication of Hedges, compulsory set-aside has come and gone (at least in the EU; Daugbjerg & Swinbank 2011), several classes of pesticide have been developed and been superseded by others (Jeschke et al. 2011), farmland intensification has continued with continuing loss of hedgerows either through removal (Figure 1.1) or lack of management (Carey et al. 2009a), farmland wildlife has significantly declined (Stanton et al. 2018) and responses such as agri-environment schemes have been introduced in an attempt to stem the losses (Anonymous 2009). In addition, the biodiversity and wider value of hedgerows to farming and society have been increasingly recognised through the concept of ecosystem services (Reid et al. 2005). Hedgerows are given protection in a number of countries (Baudry et al. 2000), though such protection may be partial. In the UK, for example, whilst hedgerows are designated as priority habitat (JNCC 2011), they must exhibit specific characteristics to be eligible for protection, and protection is not available for certain types of hedgerow such as those surrounding curtilages (DOE 1997; Marrington 2010). This chapter briefly introduces readers to the different components of hedgerows and field margins and some important concepts. Succeeding chapters concentrate on particular issues; in some the emphasis is strictly on one component of the system (such as Chapter 3 on the management of hedges or Chapter 6 on softening 1
这本书主要是关于树篱的生态学,但我们在书名中加入了“田野边缘”,因为要了解树篱中发生的事情,有必要考虑邻近土地使用的影响,而这些比厄尼·波拉德、马克斯·胡珀和诺曼·摩尔在1974年发表他们的开创性作品《树篱》时要复杂得多(波拉德等人1974)。的确,在许多情况下,为了了解地方一级正在发生的情况,必须考虑更广泛的景观问题。自《对冲条款》发布以来,强制拨备出现又消失(至少在欧盟是这样;daughbjerg & Swinbank 2011),已经开发了几类农药并被其他农药所取代(Jeschke等人,2011),农田集约化继续进行,通过移除(图1.1)或缺乏管理(Carey等人,2009a),农田野生动物显著减少(Stanton等人,2018),并引入了诸如农业环境计划等应对措施,试图阻止损失(Anonymous 2009)。此外,通过生态系统服务的概念,植物篱对农业和社会的生物多样性和更广泛的价值已日益得到认可(Reid et al. 2005)。在许多国家,树篱受到保护(Baudry et al. 2000),尽管这种保护可能是局部的。例如,在英国,虽然树篱被指定为优先栖息地(JNCC 2011),但它们必须表现出特定的特征才有资格获得保护,而某些类型的树篱(如周围的院落)则无法获得保护(DOE 1997;Marrington 2010)。本章简要地向读者介绍树篱和田野边缘的不同组成部分以及一些重要的概念。接下来的章节集中讨论具体问题;在某些情况下,重点只放在系统的一个组成部分上(如第3章关于对冲管理或第6章关于软化1)
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引用次数: 3
The ecology of butterflies and moths in hedgerows and field margins 在树篱和田野边缘蝴蝶和飞蛾的生态学
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-10
J. Dover
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引用次数: 3
Impact of pesticide use on the flora and fauna of field margins and hedgerows 农药使用对农田边缘和灌木篱动植物的影响
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-5
C. Botías, K. Basley, E. Nicholls, D. Goulson
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引用次数: 7
Contribution of hedgerows to biological control 植物篱对生物防治的贡献
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315121413-7
J. Holland
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引用次数: 4
期刊
The Ecology of Hedgerows and Field Margins
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