Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2019.01.004
M. Garrett
With pharmaceutical companies’ repeated failures at finding effective interventions for Alzheimer’s disease, together with an increasing reliance on the growing Federal funding for research, there is an emergent opportunity for financing alternate research through crowdfunding. Crowdfunding - where funding is obtained from small donations from a large group of people-has become a new source of funding for medical research. By understanding how the research community has evolved to study Alzheimer’s disease the pitfalls of this strategy can be highlighted. Alzheimer’s disease research is complex. From its inception in the early 1900s, Alzheimer’s disease has been at the center of movement within psychiatry to define the disease on the basis of its biology. Recent emphasis—through the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), RDoC (Research Diagnostic Criteria), RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) as well as the more recent Framework from the U.S. National Institute on Aging - have supported an exclusive emphasis on biology. But by excluding other aspects of the disease, such as its clinical expression, this research approach will be shown to be faulty and contradictory. So far this approach has resulted in 100% failures. By examining the historical and financial circumstances of the industry centered on Alzheimer’s disease a strong warning is given to the public to mistrust crowdfunding Alzheimer’s disease research. A broader and more inclusive approach is likely to generate a better understanding of the disease and therefore hold better promise for understanding the disease in the long term. Such a nuance approach competes badly with the more binary search for a cure and is less receptive to public support through crowdfunding.
{"title":"The argument against crowdfunding Alzheimer’s disease research","authors":"M. Garrett","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2019.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2019.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"With pharmaceutical companies’ repeated failures at finding effective interventions for Alzheimer’s disease, together with an increasing reliance on the growing Federal funding for research, there is an emergent opportunity for financing alternate research through crowdfunding. Crowdfunding - where funding is obtained from small donations from a large group of people-has become a new source of funding for medical research. By understanding how the research community has evolved to study Alzheimer’s disease the pitfalls of this strategy can be highlighted. Alzheimer’s disease research is complex. From its inception in the early 1900s, Alzheimer’s disease has been at the center of movement within psychiatry to define the disease on the basis of its biology. Recent emphasis—through the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), RDoC (Research Diagnostic Criteria), RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) as well as the more recent Framework from the U.S. National Institute on Aging - have supported an exclusive emphasis on biology. But by excluding other aspects of the disease, such as its clinical expression, this research approach will be shown to be faulty and contradictory. So far this approach has resulted in 100% failures. By examining the historical and financial circumstances of the industry centered on Alzheimer’s disease a strong warning is given to the public to mistrust crowdfunding Alzheimer’s disease research. A broader and more inclusive approach is likely to generate a better understanding of the disease and therefore hold better promise for understanding the disease in the long term. Such a nuance approach competes badly with the more binary search for a cure and is less receptive to public support through crowdfunding.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128355555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2019.01.003
H. Miao, Xiaofang Weng, Xia Wu, Aoyi Deng, Jingwen Zhao, T. Cai, Jun Li
This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Beijing community. As economy growing rapidly in China, the occurrence of hypertension increases among older people in China as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly related to lower risk of hypertension. Taking PA maybe an instructive factor to reduce the risk of being hypertensive. We randomly selected Beijing community residents aged 65 and above (n=400), collected data comprising level of PA (low, moderate, high), blood pressure, and a host of potentially confounding variables indicated by the literature. Five logistic regression models adjusted for different modifiers were used to estimate the association between hypertension and PA. The prevalence of hypertension was 96.88%, 78.57% and 73.66% among subjects with low, moderate and high level of PA respectively. Lower diastolic BP was observed for elder people with higher level of PA (p<0.01). We observed a strong and statistically significant association between moderate (OR=0.09, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.74) or high (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.57) level of PA and lower risk of hypertension (p < 0.05). PA is a protective factor for hypertension among older Beijing people, which suggests elderly people be encouraged to actively engage in PA, if body conditions permit.
{"title":"Impact of physical activity on the prevalence of hypertension among the older adults in Beijing communities","authors":"H. Miao, Xiaofang Weng, Xia Wu, Aoyi Deng, Jingwen Zhao, T. Cai, Jun Li","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2019.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2019.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Beijing community. As economy growing rapidly in China, the occurrence of hypertension increases among older people in China as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly related to lower risk of hypertension. Taking PA maybe an instructive factor to reduce the risk of being hypertensive. We randomly selected Beijing community residents aged 65 and above (n=400), collected data comprising level of PA (low, moderate, high), blood pressure, and a host of potentially confounding variables indicated by the literature. Five logistic regression models adjusted for different modifiers were used to estimate the association between hypertension and PA. The prevalence of hypertension was 96.88%, 78.57% and 73.66% among subjects with low, moderate and high level of PA respectively. Lower diastolic BP was observed for elder people with higher level of PA (p<0.01). We observed a strong and statistically significant association between moderate (OR=0.09, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.74) or high (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.57) level of PA and lower risk of hypertension (p < 0.05). PA is a protective factor for hypertension among older Beijing people, which suggests elderly people be encouraged to actively engage in PA, if body conditions permit.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"120 1-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116226766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2019.01.002
Somayeh Naderi, A. Delavar, F. Dortaj
Background and Aims: Dissatisfaction with sexual relationships can influence the marital life of people and have negative psychological effects on them. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual skills training on marital satisfaction. Methods: The study design was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test type along with a control group. The research samples included 14 couples (28 people) who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups to evaluate the effect of sexual medicine intervention. Interventions were provided to the experimental group during 9 sessions. Control group did not receive any interventions during this time. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that sexual skills training increased marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Thus, based on the results obtained and the importance of sexual skills training in increasing marital satisfaction, psychotherapists and counselors are recommended to use this intervention to reduce marital problems and increase satisfaction in couples.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of sexual skills training on increasing marital satisfaction","authors":"Somayeh Naderi, A. Delavar, F. Dortaj","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2019.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2019.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Dissatisfaction with sexual relationships can influence the marital life of people and have negative psychological effects on them. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual skills training on marital satisfaction. Methods: The study design was quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test type along with a control group. The research samples included 14 couples (28 people) who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups to evaluate the effect of sexual medicine intervention. Interventions were provided to the experimental group during 9 sessions. Control group did not receive any interventions during this time. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (short form) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that sexual skills training increased marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Thus, based on the results obtained and the importance of sexual skills training in increasing marital satisfaction, psychotherapists and counselors are recommended to use this intervention to reduce marital problems and increase satisfaction in couples.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-28DOI: 10.25082/ahb.2019.01.001
V. I. Goudochnikov
A mini-review is presented for the evidence of growth-inhibitory effects of several psychoneurotropic drugs and glucocorticoids on developing animals and humans, together with our own data obtained in experimental models, as well as in epidemiologic studies confirming female predominance in morbidity caused by affective disorders and in consumption of some psychoneurotropic drugs. The emerging concepts of pharmacotoxicologic programming/imprinting and embedding are discussed, justifying the necessity of regional DOHaD centers.
{"title":"The necessity of regional DOHaD centers based on programming/imprinting and embedding-like phenomena","authors":"V. I. Goudochnikov","doi":"10.25082/ahb.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ahb.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"A mini-review is presented for the evidence of growth-inhibitory effects of several psychoneurotropic drugs and glucocorticoids on developing animals and humans, together with our own data obtained in experimental models, as well as in epidemiologic studies confirming female predominance in morbidity caused by affective disorders and in consumption of some psychoneurotropic drugs. The emerging concepts of pharmacotoxicologic programming/imprinting and embedding are discussed, justifying the necessity of regional DOHaD centers.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123491732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-25DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2018.01.004
T. Chien, Szu-Hau Chen, S. Su, Chen-Ching Tang
Background: Health behavior is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. As such, health behavior reflects a person's health beliefs and attracts many published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author(MIA) remains unknown.Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the algorithm of between centrality(BC) in social network analysis(SNA) to select the MIA on the topic of health behavior using the visual displays on Google Maps.Methods: We obtained 3,593 abstracts from Medline based on the keywords of (health[Title]) and (behavior[Title] or behavior [Title]) on June 30, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and author-defined keywords were recorded. The BCs were applied to (1)select the MIA using SNA; (2)display the countries/areas distributed for the 1st author in geography, (3) discover the author clusters dispersed on Google Maps, and (4)investigate the keywords dispersed for the cluster related to the MIA on a dashboard. Pajek software was performed to yield the BC for each entity(or say node).Results: We found that the MIA is Spring, Bonnie(US). All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential country and the keywords are the US and health behavior. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships with the pattern of international author collaborations. If incorporated with Google Maps, the dashboard can release much more information regarding our interesting topics for us in academics. The research approach using the BC to identify the same author names can be applied to other bibliometric analyses in the future.
{"title":"A dashboard on Google Maps to show the most influential author on the topic of health behavior: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"T. Chien, Szu-Hau Chen, S. Su, Chen-Ching Tang","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2018.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2018.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health behavior is an action taken by a person to maintain, attain, or regain good health and to prevent illness. As such, health behavior reflects a person's health beliefs and attracts many published papers in academics. However, who is the most influential author(MIA) remains unknown.Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply the algorithm of between centrality(BC) in social network analysis(SNA) to select the MIA on the topic of health behavior using the visual displays on Google Maps.Methods: We obtained 3,593 abstracts from Medline based on the keywords of (health[Title]) and (behavior[Title] or behavior [Title]) on June 30, 2018. The author names, countries/areas, and author-defined keywords were recorded. The BCs were applied to (1)select the MIA using SNA; (2)display the countries/areas distributed for the 1st author in geography, (3) discover the author clusters dispersed on Google Maps, and (4)investigate the keywords dispersed for the cluster related to the MIA on a dashboard. Pajek software was performed to yield the BC for each entity(or say node).Results: We found that the MIA is Spring, Bonnie(US). All visual representations that are the form of a dashboard can be easily displayed on Google Maps. The most influential country and the keywords are the US and health behavior. Readers are suggested to manipulate them on their own on Google Maps. Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships with the pattern of international author collaborations. If incorporated with Google Maps, the dashboard can release much more information regarding our interesting topics for us in academics. The research approach using the BC to identify the same author names can be applied to other bibliometric analyses in the future.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126978724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-06DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2018.01.003
T. Chien, J. Chow, Yu Chang, W. Chou
Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an important health problem in Asia. We examined it using its clinical symptoms to predict DF.Methods: We extracted statistically significant features from 17 DF-related clinical symptoms in 177 pediatric patients (69 diagnosed with DF) using (1) the unweighted summation score and (2) the non-parametric HT person fit statistic, which jointly combine (3) the weighted score (yielded by logistic regression) to predict DF risk.Results: Six symptoms (Family History, Fever ≥ 39°C, Skin Rash, Petechiae, Abdominal Pain, and Weakness) significantly predicted DF. When a cutoff point of −1.03 (p = 0.26) suggested combining the weighted score and the HT coefficient, the sensitivity was 0.91 and the specificity was 0.76. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88, which was a better predictor: specificity was 5.56% higher than for the traditional logistic regression.Conclusions: Six simple symptoms analyzed using logistic regression were useful and valid for early detection of DF risk in children. A better predictive specificity increased after combining the non-parametric HT coefficient to the weighted regression score. A self-assessment using patient smartphones is available to discriminate DF and may eliminate the need for a costly and time-consuming dengue laboratory test.
{"title":"Detecting Dengue Fever in Children: Using Sequencing Symptom Patterns for An Online Assessment Approach","authors":"T. Chien, J. Chow, Yu Chang, W. Chou","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2018.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2018.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an important health problem in Asia. We examined it using its clinical symptoms to predict DF.Methods: We extracted statistically significant features from 17 DF-related clinical symptoms in 177 pediatric patients (69 diagnosed with DF) using (1) the unweighted summation score and (2) the non-parametric HT person fit statistic, which jointly combine (3) the weighted score (yielded by logistic regression) to predict DF risk.Results: Six symptoms (Family History, Fever ≥ 39°C, Skin Rash, Petechiae, Abdominal Pain, and Weakness) significantly predicted DF. When a cutoff point of −1.03 (p = 0.26) suggested combining the weighted score and the HT coefficient, the sensitivity was 0.91 and the specificity was 0.76. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88, which was a better predictor: specificity was 5.56% higher than for the traditional logistic regression.Conclusions: Six simple symptoms analyzed using logistic regression were useful and valid for early detection of DF risk in children. A better predictive specificity increased after combining the non-parametric HT coefficient to the weighted regression score. A self-assessment using patient smartphones is available to discriminate DF and may eliminate the need for a costly and time-consuming dengue laboratory test.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116464266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2018.01.002
Xiaoxin Xu, Xiaohua Wang, Yanhong Gong
Background: Many studies have indicated a relationship between smoking cessation and a history of depression. However, few studies have examined the association between smoking cessation and current depression and even fewer evidence come from mainland China. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking quitters, the correlates of successful smoking cessation, and its relationship with depressive symptoms in Northwest China. Methods: A total of 7,644 subjects who met the study’s entry criteria were randomly selected from the urban areas of three provinces in Northwest China and interviewed using standardized assessment tools, including basic characteristics of households and detailed information on family members. All respondents provided informed consent. Results: people with depression symptom have a more than 1.5-fold risk of abstinence from smoking than those without depression (OR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models reach statistical significance (x2=13.2, p<0.001). Smoking quitters have a more than 1.5-fold risk of having depressive symptoms than current smokers (OR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models is also statistically significant (x2=6449.85, p<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking quitters in urban areas of Northwest China is very low. After controlling certain confounders, smoking cessation is associated with current depressive symptoms. More rigorous surveys are needed to elucidate the barriers to smoking cessation in China. Government bodies in China should implement appropriate strategies and execute effective measures to mitigate its harmful consequences.
{"title":"Associations between smoking cessation and depression among the population in Northwest China","authors":"Xiaoxin Xu, Xiaohua Wang, Yanhong Gong","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2018.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2018.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies have indicated a relationship between smoking cessation and a history of depression. However, few studies have examined the association between smoking cessation and current depression and even fewer evidence come from mainland China. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking quitters, the correlates of successful smoking cessation, and its relationship with depressive symptoms in Northwest China. Methods: A total of 7,644 subjects who met the study’s entry criteria were randomly selected from the urban areas of three provinces in Northwest China and interviewed using standardized assessment tools, including basic characteristics of households and detailed information on family members. All respondents provided informed consent. Results: people with depression symptom have a more than 1.5-fold risk of abstinence from smoking than those without depression (OR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models reach statistical significance (x2=13.2, p<0.001). Smoking quitters have a more than 1.5-fold risk of having depressive symptoms than current smokers (OR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9) and the likelihood ratio test for two models is also statistically significant (x2=6449.85, p<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking quitters in urban areas of Northwest China is very low. After controlling certain confounders, smoking cessation is associated with current depressive symptoms. More rigorous surveys are needed to elucidate the barriers to smoking cessation in China. Government bodies in China should implement appropriate strategies and execute effective measures to mitigate its harmful consequences.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-27DOI: 10.25082/AHB.2018.01.001
A. Malara
The current definition of health of the World Health Organization (WHO), formulated in 1948, describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity”.[1] Although, this formulation was been revolutionary because it overcame the negative definition of health as the absence of disease and included physical, mental and social domains, it has been partially criticized over the past 60 years. This definition is in fact referred to the disease acute pattern, which is transient and limited in the time. Today, the number of people living with chronic diseases for decades is increasing worldwide. Ageing with chronic diseases has become the norm representing the main care burden and the most of the expenditures of the healthcare system. In this context the WHO definition becomes confounding as it could declare people with chronic diseases definitively ill. Machteld Huber, et al. believe that the WHO would benefit if it extends the definition of health, taking into account that the demography of populations and the nature of disease have changed considerably since 1948.[2] Georges Canguilhem suggested a new idea of health as a capability to adapt and self-manage in the social, physical and emotional challenges, it moving from the static formulation towards a more dynamic one based on the resilience or capacity to cope and maintain and restore ones integrity, equilibrium, and sense of wellbeing.[3] Health, considered as “ability to adapt”, becomes a condition of equilibrium (dynamic, therefore always new, continually to be reset) between the subject and the environment (human, physical, biological, social) that surrounds it. Therefore, health and disease
{"title":"Behavior as the dynamic unit between polar opposites - Health and Disease","authors":"A. Malara","doi":"10.25082/AHB.2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/AHB.2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The current definition of health of the World Health Organization (WHO), formulated in 1948, describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity”.[1] Although, this formulation was been revolutionary because it overcame the negative definition of health as the absence of disease and included physical, mental and social domains, it has been partially criticized over the past 60 years. This definition is in fact referred to the disease acute pattern, which is transient and limited in the time. Today, the number of people living with chronic diseases for decades is increasing worldwide. Ageing with chronic diseases has become the norm representing the main care burden and the most of the expenditures of the healthcare system. In this context the WHO definition becomes confounding as it could declare people with chronic diseases definitively ill. Machteld Huber, et al. believe that the WHO would benefit if it extends the definition of health, taking into account that the demography of populations and the nature of disease have changed considerably since 1948.[2] Georges Canguilhem suggested a new idea of health as a capability to adapt and self-manage in the social, physical and emotional challenges, it moving from the static formulation towards a more dynamic one based on the resilience or capacity to cope and maintain and restore ones integrity, equilibrium, and sense of wellbeing.[3] Health, considered as “ability to adapt”, becomes a condition of equilibrium (dynamic, therefore always new, continually to be reset) between the subject and the environment (human, physical, biological, social) that surrounds it. Therefore, health and disease","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133256150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ahb.2021.01.005
Giuseppe Andrea De Biase, A. Malara, Annamaria Ruberto
Following the rapid spread of a new Coronavirus identified in China, on 30.01.2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares a state of public health emergency of international importance and in Italy health surveillance measures are promptly strengthened. The aim of the study is to describe the surveillance system for the spread of the epidemic and how the surveillance contributes to the monitoring system and to the regional weekly risk classification.
{"title":"COVID-19 surveillance: Results of activities","authors":"Giuseppe Andrea De Biase, A. Malara, Annamaria Ruberto","doi":"10.25082/ahb.2021.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ahb.2021.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Following the rapid spread of a new Coronavirus identified in China, on 30.01.2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares a state of public health emergency of international importance and in Italy health surveillance measures are promptly strengthened. The aim of the study is to describe the surveillance system for the spread of the epidemic and how the surveillance contributes to the monitoring system and to the regional weekly risk classification.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129254023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25082/ahb.2021.01.004
M. Rasoulian-Kasrineh, S. Tabatabaei
Background: Mental disorders are a group of disorders that affect thinking and behavior by causing discomfort or disability to the person. Almost one in eight people aged 5 to 19 deals with these kinds of disorders and his or her growth may be significantly affected. It seems that using novel technologies in such cases are helpful. One of these advanced technologies, which has recently attracted a lot of attention in many fields such as health, is Virtual Reality. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a brief review about the use of Virtual Reality among children with mental disorders. Methods: In this study, articles in which Virtual Reality were used among children dealing with mental disorders published during 2012 to 2021 were investigated. PsycINFO electronic databases, PubMed Google Scholar, Medline, were searched. Results: Children deal with different types of mental disorders and Virtual Reality has been used for many of them. The most common of them, in which Virtual Reality have been used and caused improvements include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia Disorder, and Developmental Disability. Discussion and conclusion: According to the results, Virtual Reality is a very interesting, useful, effective and safe technology for patients dealing with mental disorders especially children and adolescence. It is actually a highly specialized technology which can provide improvement, and in some cases completely new ways of treatment for children suffering from mental disorders.
{"title":"Virtual reality among children with mental disorders: A mini-review","authors":"M. Rasoulian-Kasrineh, S. Tabatabaei","doi":"10.25082/ahb.2021.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25082/ahb.2021.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental disorders are a group of disorders that affect thinking and behavior by causing discomfort or disability to the person. Almost one in eight people aged 5 to 19 deals with these kinds of disorders and his or her growth may be significantly affected. It seems that using novel technologies in such cases are helpful. One of these advanced technologies, which has recently attracted a lot of attention in many fields such as health, is Virtual Reality. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a brief review about the use of Virtual Reality among children with mental disorders. Methods: In this study, articles in which Virtual Reality were used among children dealing with mental disorders published during 2012 to 2021 were investigated. PsycINFO electronic databases, PubMed Google Scholar, Medline, were searched. Results: Children deal with different types of mental disorders and Virtual Reality has been used for many of them. The most common of them, in which Virtual Reality have been used and caused improvements include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia Disorder, and Developmental Disability. Discussion and conclusion: According to the results, Virtual Reality is a very interesting, useful, effective and safe technology for patients dealing with mental disorders especially children and adolescence. It is actually a highly specialized technology which can provide improvement, and in some cases completely new ways of treatment for children suffering from mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":296215,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Health and Behavior","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134166156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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