The preservation/restoration of natural environment is frequently entailing excessive cost (paid by people through taxation) while it is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, we apply herein a modified version of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is used in Experimental Economics in order to investigate the significance that people put on this good and how much they might be willing to pay (WTP) for supporting activities concerning the preservation/restoration of Lake Kastoria. The WTP dependence on (i) external diseconomies, (ii) the expectations for property values’ rise as a result of the restoration, (iii) the proximity of interviewees’ residence to the lake, (iv) the opinion of the interviewee on the time and money spent to visit the lake, (v) the time and money the interviewees spent to visit the lake, as well as other dependencies (all taken as independent variables) are estimated by means of Logit, Probit, Logistic and Linear Regression Models.The preservation/restoration of natural environment is frequently entailing excessive cost (paid by people through taxation) while it is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, we apply herein a modified version of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is used in Experimental Economics in order to investigate the significance that people put on this good and how much they might be willing to pay (WTP) for supporting activities concerning the preservation/restoration of Lake Kastoria. The WTP dependence on (i) external diseconomies, (ii) the expectations for property values’ rise as a result of the restoration, (iii) the proximity of interviewees’ residence to the lake, (iv) the opinion of the interviewee on the time and money spent to visit the lake, (v) the time and money the interviewees spent to visit the lake, as well as other dependencies (all taken as independent variables) are estimated by ...
{"title":"Applying a Modified Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for the Preservation/Restoration of the Lake Kastoria in Northern Greece","authors":"Elsa Zoupanidou, F. Batzias, O. Kopsidas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3501395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3501395","url":null,"abstract":"The preservation/restoration of natural environment is frequently entailing excessive cost (paid by people through taxation) while it is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, we apply herein a modified version of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is used in Experimental Economics in order to investigate the significance that people put on this good and how much they might be willing to pay (WTP) for supporting activities concerning the preservation/restoration of Lake Kastoria. The WTP dependence on (i) external diseconomies, (ii) the expectations for property values’ rise as a result of the restoration, (iii) the proximity of interviewees’ residence to the lake, (iv) the opinion of the interviewee on the time and money spent to visit the lake, (v) the time and money the interviewees spent to visit the lake, as well as other dependencies (all taken as independent variables) are estimated by means of Logit, Probit, Logistic and Linear Regression Models.The preservation/restoration of natural environment is frequently entailing excessive cost (paid by people through taxation) while it is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, we apply herein a modified version of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is used in Experimental Economics in order to investigate the significance that people put on this good and how much they might be willing to pay (WTP) for supporting activities concerning the preservation/restoration of Lake Kastoria. The WTP dependence on (i) external diseconomies, (ii) the expectations for property values’ rise as a result of the restoration, (iii) the proximity of interviewees’ residence to the lake, (iv) the opinion of the interviewee on the time and money spent to visit the lake, (v) the time and money the interviewees spent to visit the lake, as well as other dependencies (all taken as independent variables) are estimated by ...","PeriodicalId":296454,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Rivers","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134360261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valuing a useable but not market-traded asset has historically been difficult. The development of willingness-to-pay studies has allowed for two different techniques: stated preference technique, which uses the contingent valuation method, and a revealed preference technique, using existing markets (such as the housing market) to analyze differences in prices. We use existing literature on both techniques to estimate a lower- and upper- bound value for lake amenities in northeast United States.
{"title":"Valuing a Lake Amenity: An Upper and Lower Bound","authors":"K. Rotthoff, Frank D. Tinari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2435690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2435690","url":null,"abstract":"Valuing a useable but not market-traded asset has historically been difficult. The development of willingness-to-pay studies has allowed for two different techniques: stated preference technique, which uses the contingent valuation method, and a revealed preference technique, using existing markets (such as the housing market) to analyze differences in prices. We use existing literature on both techniques to estimate a lower- and upper- bound value for lake amenities in northeast United States.","PeriodicalId":296454,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Rivers","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121380593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the fortieth anniversary of the Clean Water Act this paper reports the first quantitative assessment of the aggregate trends in water quality in the U.S. using a single standard over the years 1975 to 2011. The analysis suggests that fresh water lakes for the nation as a whole are about at the same quality levels as they were in 1975. In short, viewed in the aggregate, nothing has changed. An assessment of the factors influencing the aggregates also suggests that water quality appears to be affected by the business cycle. This result calls into question the simple descriptions of the change in environmental quality with economic growth that are associated with the Environmental Kuznets Curve.
{"title":"Has Surface Water Quality Improved Since the Clean Water Act?","authors":"V. Smith, Carlos Valcarcel","doi":"10.3386/W18192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W18192","url":null,"abstract":"On the fortieth anniversary of the Clean Water Act this paper reports the first quantitative assessment of the aggregate trends in water quality in the U.S. using a single standard over the years 1975 to 2011. The analysis suggests that fresh water lakes for the nation as a whole are about at the same quality levels as they were in 1975. In short, viewed in the aggregate, nothing has changed. An assessment of the factors influencing the aggregates also suggests that water quality appears to be affected by the business cycle. This result calls into question the simple descriptions of the change in environmental quality with economic growth that are associated with the Environmental Kuznets Curve.","PeriodicalId":296454,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Rivers","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130436662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkish Abstract: Akarsu yataklarının sınıflandırılması, jeomorfolojik çalışmalar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ancak bir bölgedeki flüvyal süreci doğru analiz etmek, o bölge için en uygun sınıflama yönteminin seçilmesiyle mümkündür. Bu çalışma, nehir yataklarının sinüsellik ve örgülenme derecelerine dayalı sınıflama yönteminden yola çıkarak, Kızılırmak’ın yatağında (Nevşehir), 1954-2009 yılları arasında meydana gelen değişimleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, 1954 ve 1992 yıllarına ait hava fotoğrafları ve güncel uydu görüntülerinin yanı sıra topografya haritaları ve arazi gözlemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma alanında, 1954 yılında, yatağın sinüsellik oranının 1.1 olduğu, örgülenme indeksinin ise %10 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 1992 ve 2009 yıllarında ise sinüsellik oranı 1.1 olarak kalırken örgülenme indeksi % 3’e düşmüştür. Söz konusu 55 yıllık süreçte nehir yatağı, düşük örgülü yapısından, düşük örgülü-düşük menderesli geçiş yapısına doğru bir değişim göstermiştir. Alandaki değişimin olası nedenleri olarak, Hirfanlı Barajı’nın nehre etkisi ve iklim faktörü düşünülebilir.
English Abstract: The classification of river channels is very important for geomorphological studies. But for to analyse accurately the fluvial process in a region, the most suitable classification method must be selected. This study aims using the methods which based on sinuosity and braiding index of river channels, to introduce the pattern changes of Kızılırmak channel in Avanos (Nevşehir) region between 1954-2009. In our stuty aerial photos (1954-1992 years), contemporary satellite images, topographic maps and field searches are assessed. Consequently, the Kızılırmak river channel, between Sarıhıdır-Çiftedam (Avanos) has % 10 braided index and 1.1 sinuosity rate in 1954. Between 1992 and 2009, braided index of it decreases to %3 and sinuosity rate is calculated as again 1.1. For those 55 years, the river has altered from low braiding pattern to transition type between low braided-low meandering pattern. The probable reasons of this change are supposed as the effects of Hirfanlı Dam on the river and climatic factors.
{"title":"1954 ve 2009 Yılları Arasında Kızılırmak’ın Yatak Tipinde Gözlenen Değişimler, Avanos (The Changes That Observed in Channel Type of the Kızılırmak River Between 1954 and 2009 years, Avanos)","authors":"Nurcan Avşin Görendağlı","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3418923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3418923","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Turkish Abstract:</b> Akarsu yataklarının sınıflandırılması, jeomorfolojik çalışmalar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ancak bir bölgedeki flüvyal süreci doğru analiz etmek, o bölge için en uygun sınıflama yönteminin seçilmesiyle mümkündür. Bu çalışma, nehir yataklarının sinüsellik ve örgülenme derecelerine dayalı sınıflama yönteminden yola çıkarak, Kızılırmak’ın yatağında (Nevşehir), 1954-2009 yılları arasında meydana gelen değişimleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, 1954 ve 1992 yıllarına ait hava fotoğrafları ve güncel uydu görüntülerinin yanı sıra topografya haritaları ve arazi gözlemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma alanında, 1954 yılında, yatağın sinüsellik oranının 1.1 olduğu, örgülenme indeksinin ise %10 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 1992 ve 2009 yıllarında ise sinüsellik oranı 1.1 olarak kalırken örgülenme indeksi % 3’e düşmüştür. Söz konusu 55 yıllık süreçte nehir yatağı, düşük örgülü yapısından, düşük örgülü-düşük menderesli geçiş yapısına doğru bir değişim göstermiştir. Alandaki değişimin olası nedenleri olarak, Hirfanlı Barajı’nın nehre etkisi ve iklim faktörü düşünülebilir.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The classification of river channels is very important for geomorphological studies. But for to analyse accurately the fluvial process in a region, the most suitable classification method must be selected. This study aims using the methods which based on sinuosity and braiding index of river channels, to introduce the pattern changes of Kızılırmak channel in Avanos (Nevşehir) region between 1954-2009. In our stuty aerial photos (1954-1992 years), contemporary satellite images, topographic maps and field searches are assessed. Consequently, the Kızılırmak river channel, between Sarıhıdır-Çiftedam (Avanos) has % 10 braided index and 1.1 sinuosity rate in 1954. Between 1992 and 2009, braided index of it decreases to %3 and sinuosity rate is calculated as again 1.1. For those 55 years, the river has altered from low braiding pattern to transition type between low braided-low meandering pattern. The probable reasons of this change are supposed as the effects of Hirfanlı Dam on the river and climatic factors.","PeriodicalId":296454,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Rivers","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121047461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-01DOI: 10.1093/chinesejil/jmn008
E. Benvenisti
In the 1997 decision of the International Court of Justice in the dispute between Hungary and Slovakia regarding the uses of the Danube, Judge Weeramantry invoked ancient Asian traditions concerning the utilization of shared water resources to offer novel insights for the development of international law. In searching for inspiration for the concept of sustainable development in international environmental law, Judge Weeramantry examined the ancient irrigation-based civilization of his country, Sri Lanka, as well as early systems in other Asian societies. Asian traditions reflect numerous examples for fruitful cooperation in the management of shared natural resources, in diverse areas such as Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia and Iran, and the Middle East. Local social norms, shared culture and even religion have been utilized for sustaining long-term equitable utilization of shared watercourses. Many of the irrigation systems, including the social arrangements that supported them, survive to this day. In later periods, under the influence of Western scientists who showed no reverence to “primitive” practices, many Asian governments upset the delicate indigenous systems by imposing centrally planned, unsustainable management systems. Contemporary scientists and disillusioned governments are now rediscovering those ancient practices and are trying to reinstate them where possible. This paper describes these traditional irrigation practices and analyses the logic of collective action that sustains them. The insights of this exercise are then used to examine contemporary issues related to the management of freshwater resources in Asia, including the Indus, the Ganges and the Mekong rivers. The basic argument is that the shared Asian traditions, which also are reflected in contemporary international law, can and should serve as guidance in the management of the region's many shared resources.
{"title":"Asian Traditions and Contemporary International Law on the Management of Natural Resources","authors":"E. Benvenisti","doi":"10.1093/chinesejil/jmn008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmn008","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1997 decision of the International Court of Justice in the dispute between Hungary and Slovakia regarding the uses of the Danube, Judge Weeramantry invoked ancient Asian traditions concerning the utilization of shared water resources to offer novel insights for the development of international law. In searching for inspiration for the concept of sustainable development in international environmental law, Judge Weeramantry examined the ancient irrigation-based civilization of his country, Sri Lanka, as well as early systems in other Asian societies. Asian traditions reflect numerous examples for fruitful cooperation in the management of shared natural resources, in diverse areas such as Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia and Iran, and the Middle East. Local social norms, shared culture and even religion have been utilized for sustaining long-term equitable utilization of shared watercourses. Many of the irrigation systems, including the social arrangements that supported them, survive to this day. In later periods, under the influence of Western scientists who showed no reverence to “primitive” practices, many Asian governments upset the delicate indigenous systems by imposing centrally planned, unsustainable management systems. Contemporary scientists and disillusioned governments are now rediscovering those ancient practices and are trying to reinstate them where possible. This paper describes these traditional irrigation practices and analyses the logic of collective action that sustains them. The insights of this exercise are then used to examine contemporary issues related to the management of freshwater resources in Asia, including the Indus, the Ganges and the Mekong rivers. The basic argument is that the shared Asian traditions, which also are reflected in contemporary international law, can and should serve as guidance in the management of the region's many shared resources.","PeriodicalId":296454,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Rivers","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132024775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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