首页 > 最新文献

Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University最新文献

英文 中文
Biochemical Mechanisms and Methodologies Applied to the Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的生化机制与方法研究
D. Persike, S. Al-Kass
PTSD has been considered as a syndrome with multiple faces due to the complexity of its pathophysiology. There is a need to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms involved in the disease in order to improve its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Believing that the university has the responsibility to help the community, and hoping for the development of research devoted to this matter, the purpose of the present study was to present a brief review about the main biochemical mechanisms involved in PTSD and the methodologies applied to assess the disease. The review was done based on recent literature. According to the studies PTSD presents pre-exposure vulnerability factors, besides trauma-induced alterations. The disease was found associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamus-pituitarythyroid axis dysfunctions. Alterations of sympathetic nervous system activity play a role in PTSD by releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine. The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex amplifies the SNS response, reducing it later through negative feedback mechanisms. This response leads to a decreased level of cortisol in patients with PTSD. The negative feedback contributes to neuroendocrine alterations, promoting structural brain changes that culminate in PTSD. Abnormal levels of serotonin and dopamine have been found in the disease. Mechanisms such as the induction of neuroinflammation and alterations of mitochondrial energy handling were also associated with PTSD. Controversies can be found regarding to which biomarkers would be possible for the disease. Therefore, there is a need for studies in order to find biomarkers for PTSD.
由于其病理生理的复杂性,PTSD一直被认为是一种具有多重面孔的综合征。有必要阐明该疾病的生化机制,以改善其诊断、预后和治疗。相信大学有责任帮助社区,并希望发展致力于这一问题的研究,本研究的目的是简要回顾有关创伤后应激障碍的主要生化机制和用于评估疾病的方法。这篇综述是根据最近的文献进行的。根据研究,创伤后应激障碍除了创伤引起的改变外,还表现出暴露前的脆弱性因素。本病与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能障碍有关。交感神经系统活动的改变通过释放去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素在PTSD中发挥作用。肾上腺皮质皮质醇的释放放大了SNS反应,随后通过负反馈机制将其减弱。这种反应导致PTSD患者皮质醇水平下降。负反馈导致神经内分泌改变,促进大脑结构改变,最终导致创伤后应激障碍。在该疾病中发现了血清素和多巴胺水平异常。神经炎症的诱导和线粒体能量处理的改变等机制也与PTSD有关。关于哪些生物标记物可能用于该疾病,存在争议。因此,有必要进行研究,以寻找PTSD的生物标志物。
{"title":"Biochemical Mechanisms and Methodologies Applied to the Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)","authors":"D. Persike, S. Al-Kass","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"PTSD has been considered as a syndrome with multiple faces due to the complexity of its pathophysiology. There is a need to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms involved in the disease in order to improve its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Believing that the university has the responsibility to help the community, and hoping for the development of research devoted to this matter, the purpose of the present study was to present a brief review about the main biochemical mechanisms involved in PTSD and the methodologies applied to assess the disease. The review was done based on recent literature. According to the studies PTSD presents pre-exposure vulnerability factors, besides trauma-induced alterations. The disease was found associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamus-pituitarythyroid axis dysfunctions. Alterations of sympathetic nervous system activity play a role in PTSD by releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine. The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex amplifies the SNS response, reducing it later through negative feedback mechanisms. This response leads to a decreased level of cortisol in patients with PTSD. The negative feedback contributes to neuroendocrine alterations, promoting structural brain changes that culminate in PTSD. Abnormal levels of serotonin and dopamine have been found in the disease. Mechanisms such as the induction of neuroinflammation and alterations of mitochondrial energy handling were also associated with PTSD. Controversies can be found regarding to which biomarkers would be possible for the disease. Therefore, there is a need for studies in order to find biomarkers for PTSD.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Challenges of Women of Martyr Families in Erbil City 埃尔比勒市殉道者家庭妇女的健康挑战
H. Ahmed
Background and objective: During the last 100 years ago Iraq generally and Kurdistan region particularly underwent wars which led to the loss of men from families. Nowadays in Kurdistan region, there are 20000 martyrs families. This study aimed to identify women’s satisfaction and expectations about health services provided in Medical Center of Martyr families in Erbil city. Methods: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach was conducted on 34 women who met the inclusion criteria of the study which was either mother, daughter, wife or sister of martyr and attended Medical Center of Martyr Families in Erbil city during Jan to Aug 2018. Non-probability, convenient sampling was used for selecting them and they were interviewed in four focus groups. Results: Four main categories could be extracted as a result of the conducted analysis: 1) Unsatisfied with services, 2) Economical factors, 3) Being forgotten by government and society and 4) Respectful health care providers' behavior. Conclusions: The women of martyr families were not satisfied with the health services of the center and they had expected more from government to respect them and provide their emotional, social, economic and physical needs.
背景和目的:在过去的100年里,伊拉克和库尔德斯坦地区经历了战争,导致家庭中失去了男人。如今,在库尔德斯坦地区,有2万个烈士家庭。本研究旨在了解妇女对埃尔比勒市殉道者家属医疗中心提供的保健服务的满意度和期望。方法:采用主题分析方法,对2018年1 - 8月在埃尔比勒市烈士家属医疗中心就诊的34名符合纳入标准的烈士母亲、女儿、妻子或姐妹进行定性设计。我们采用非概率、方便的抽样方法来选择他们,并将他们分成四个焦点小组进行访谈。结果:通过分析可提取出四个主要类别:1)对服务不满意;2)经济因素;3)被政府和社会遗忘;4)尊重医护人员的行为。结论:殉道者家庭妇女对中心的卫生服务不满意,希望政府能尊重她们,满足她们的情感、社会、经济和身体需求。
{"title":"Health Challenges of Women of Martyr Families in Erbil City","authors":"H. Ahmed","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: During the last 100 years ago Iraq generally and Kurdistan region particularly underwent wars which led to the loss of men from families. Nowadays in Kurdistan region, there are 20000 martyrs families. This study aimed to identify women’s satisfaction and expectations about health services provided in Medical Center of Martyr families in Erbil city. Methods: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach was conducted on 34 women who met the inclusion criteria of the study which was either mother, daughter, wife or sister of martyr and attended Medical Center of Martyr Families in Erbil city during Jan to Aug 2018. Non-probability, convenient sampling was used for selecting them and they were interviewed in four focus groups. Results: Four main categories could be extracted as a result of the conducted analysis: 1) Unsatisfied with services, 2) Economical factors, 3) Being forgotten by government and society and 4) Respectful health care providers' behavior. Conclusions: The women of martyr families were not satisfied with the health services of the center and they had expected more from government to respect them and provide their emotional, social, economic and physical needs.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Role of women after genocide among Barzanian families in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq 种族灭绝后妇女在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的巴族家庭中的作用
Paywand Naqishbandi, M. Karim
Background and objective: Genocide of Barzani people in 1983 led to the disappearance and death of 8000 Barzani males. After the genocide, Barzani women played an important active role which has been ignored by almost all research studies. The present study was an investigation into Barzani women’s lived experiences in order to figure out their role after the genocide of Barzani people. Methods: The present investigation was a qualitative investigation which was carried out by inductive content analysis method. The required data were obtained through in-depth semistructured interviews with 10 Barzani women who had survived the Barzani genocide. Finally, analyzing the collected data through inductive content analysis method led to the extraction of the main themes and subthemes. Results: The data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes namely, "making enormous efforts," "raising the children well," and "creating the family's future" which proved that Barzani women played a significant active role during and after the Barzani genocide. Conclusion: Barzani families, especially their women, have been through a large number of problems and challenges and consequent mental and physical harms as a result of losing their spouses and sons to the Barzani genocide; therefore, they need special assistance particularly from nurses and medical personnel in hospitals.
背景和目的:1983年对巴尔扎尼人的种族灭绝导致8000名巴尔扎尼男性失踪和死亡。在种族灭绝之后,巴尔扎尼妇女发挥了重要的积极作用,但几乎所有的研究都忽视了这一点。本研究对巴尔扎尼族妇女的生活经历进行了调查,以确定她们在巴尔扎尼族种族灭绝后的角色。方法:采用归纳含量分析法进行定性调查。所需的数据是通过对10名在巴尔扎尼种族灭绝中幸存下来的巴尔扎尼妇女进行深入的半结构化访谈获得的。最后,通过归纳内容分析法对收集到的数据进行分析,提取出主要主题和次要主题。结果:通过数据分析,出现了“付出巨大的努力”、“好好抚养孩子”和“创造家庭的未来”三个主题,证明巴尔扎尼妇女在巴尔扎尼种族灭绝期间和之后发挥了重要的积极作用。结论:巴尔扎尼族家庭,特别是其妇女,由于在巴尔扎尼族种族灭绝中失去配偶和儿子,经历了大量的问题和挑战以及随之而来的精神和身体伤害;因此,他们需要特别的帮助,特别是医院的护士和医务人员。
{"title":"Role of women after genocide among Barzanian families in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Paywand Naqishbandi, M. Karim","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Genocide of Barzani people in 1983 led to the disappearance and death of 8000 Barzani males. After the genocide, Barzani women played an important active role which has been ignored by almost all research studies. The present study was an investigation into Barzani women’s lived experiences in order to figure out their role after the genocide of Barzani people. Methods: The present investigation was a qualitative investigation which was carried out by inductive content analysis method. The required data were obtained through in-depth semistructured interviews with 10 Barzani women who had survived the Barzani genocide. Finally, analyzing the collected data through inductive content analysis method led to the extraction of the main themes and subthemes. Results: The data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes namely, \"making enormous efforts,\" \"raising the children well,\" and \"creating the family's future\" which proved that Barzani women played a significant active role during and after the Barzani genocide. Conclusion: Barzani families, especially their women, have been through a large number of problems and challenges and consequent mental and physical harms as a result of losing their spouses and sons to the Barzani genocide; therefore, they need special assistance particularly from nurses and medical personnel in hospitals.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121510080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Documentation of Kurdish Genocide and Common Diseases Occurred among Victims after Genocide: Retrospective Study 库尔德人种族灭绝的记录和种族灭绝后受害者中常见的疾病:回顾性研究
K. Aziz, Jawdat Alhajbaker, S. Ali, Yousif Gardi
Background and objective: Genocide means the destruction of the basic life of innocent people. After the division, the Kurdish people have not enjoyed any freedom or even a low level of minority rights; ethnic cleansing and genocide. The southern part of Kurdistan, like other areas of Kurdistan, faced under the ongoing oppression, ethnic cleansing and other genocide. The ethnic cleansing policy increased after the Arab nationalist Baathists took power in 1968. The objectives of the study are to identify data about Kurdish genocide from different resources and historical documentation. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Erbil governorate. Data was collected from different resources with the support ministry of Anfal and martyrs in the Kurdistan Region from 1 Jun to 1 September 2018. The approval was taken from an ethical and scientific committee in the college of nursing, and permission was taken from a ministry of Anfal and martyrs in Erbil. The data were analyzed using different methods of statistical analysis. Results: The Kurdish genocide was begun in early times and especially from 1968 to 1988. Chemical bombardment according to governorate included (Erbil 17.68%, Sulaymaniyah 42.77%, Duhok 7.13%, Kirkuk 22.37%, and others 10.27%). The Anfal campaign included (Erbil 16.35%, Sulaymaniyah 30.74%, Duhok 6.59%, and others 10.3%). Other results indicated that there was Kurdish genocide according to (ethnic, religion, sex, age, and family members) and the Anfal campaign had been done in 8 phases in (23-02-1988 to 6-09-1988). There was Yazidi genocide by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria in 2014. Conclusion: All documents that we have been used in the study revealed that the Kurdish genocide had begun in early times as in 1952, 1961 and especially after the Arab nationalist Baathists took power in 1968. Continue to 1988 and over as Yazidi genocide by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2014. Kurdish genocide was done in different military Campaign in Kurdistan.
背景和目的:种族灭绝是指对无辜人民基本生活的破坏。分裂后,库尔德人没有享有任何自由,甚至没有少数民族的基本权利;种族清洗和种族灭绝。库尔德斯坦南部与库尔德斯坦其他地区一样,面临着持续的压迫、种族清洗和其他种族灭绝。1968年阿拉伯民族主义复兴党掌权后,种族清洗政策有所加强。该研究的目的是从不同的资源和历史文献中确定有关库尔德种族灭绝的数据。方法:回顾性研究在埃尔比勒省进行。2018年6月1日至9月1日,在库尔德斯坦地区安法尔和烈士部的支持下,从不同资源收集数据。这项研究得到了护理学院伦理和科学委员会的批准,并得到了埃尔比勒安法尔和烈士部的批准。采用不同的统计分析方法对数据进行分析。结果:库尔德人的种族灭绝开始于早期,特别是1968年至1988年。化学轰炸根据省包括(埃尔比勒17.68%,苏莱曼尼亚42.77%,杜胡克7.13%,基尔库克22.37%,和其他10.27%)。安法尔战役包括(埃尔比勒16.35%,苏莱曼尼亚30.74%,杜胡克6.59%,其他10.3%)。其他结果表明,根据(种族、宗教、性别、年龄和家庭成员)发生了库尔德人种族灭绝,安法尔运动在1988年2月23日至1988年9月6日分8个阶段进行。2014年,伊斯兰国在伊拉克和叙利亚对雅兹迪人进行了种族灭绝。结论:我们在研究中使用的所有文件都表明,库尔德人的种族灭绝早在1952年和1961年就开始了,特别是在阿拉伯民族主义复兴党于1968年掌权之后。1988年以后,伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国(ISIS)在2014年对雅兹迪人进行了种族灭绝。库尔德种族灭绝发生在库尔德斯坦的不同军事行动中。
{"title":"Documentation of Kurdish Genocide and Common Diseases Occurred among Victims after Genocide: Retrospective Study","authors":"K. Aziz, Jawdat Alhajbaker, S. Ali, Yousif Gardi","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Genocide means the destruction of the basic life of innocent people. After the division, the Kurdish people have not enjoyed any freedom or even a low level of minority rights; ethnic cleansing and genocide. The southern part of Kurdistan, like other areas of Kurdistan, faced under the ongoing oppression, ethnic cleansing and other genocide. The ethnic cleansing policy increased after the Arab nationalist Baathists took power in 1968. The objectives of the study are to identify data about Kurdish genocide from different resources and historical documentation. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Erbil governorate. Data was collected from different resources with the support ministry of Anfal and martyrs in the Kurdistan Region from 1 Jun to 1 September 2018. The approval was taken from an ethical and scientific committee in the college of nursing, and permission was taken from a ministry of Anfal and martyrs in Erbil. The data were analyzed using different methods of statistical analysis. Results: The Kurdish genocide was begun in early times and especially from 1968 to 1988. Chemical bombardment according to governorate included (Erbil 17.68%, Sulaymaniyah 42.77%, Duhok 7.13%, Kirkuk 22.37%, and others 10.27%). The Anfal campaign included (Erbil 16.35%, Sulaymaniyah 30.74%, Duhok 6.59%, and others 10.3%). Other results indicated that there was Kurdish genocide according to (ethnic, religion, sex, age, and family members) and the Anfal campaign had been done in 8 phases in (23-02-1988 to 6-09-1988). There was Yazidi genocide by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria in 2014. Conclusion: All documents that we have been used in the study revealed that the Kurdish genocide had begun in early times as in 1952, 1961 and especially after the Arab nationalist Baathists took power in 1968. Continue to 1988 and over as Yazidi genocide by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2014. Kurdish genocide was done in different military Campaign in Kurdistan.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"78 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Delayed Skin, Neurological and Ophthalmological Complications of Chemical Weapons in Peshmargas 佩什马加化学武器造成的延迟性皮肤、神经和眼科并发症
Dindar S. Qurtas, A. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, B. Saleem
{"title":"Delayed Skin, Neurological and Ophthalmological Complications of Chemical Weapons in Peshmargas","authors":"Dindar S. Qurtas, A. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, B. Saleem","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122134885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Lived Experience of the Activists of Barzani Genocide: A Phenomenological Study 巴尔扎尼大屠杀积极分子的生活经验:现象学研究
M. Karim, T. Piro, H. Ahmed
Background and objective: Barzani genocide that occurred in 1983 led to death of 8,000 Barzani men. Since then, there have been numerous attempts by different activists to archive the events, make the crisis know worldwide, and help the survivors. The present study was a qualitative investigation into the Barzani genocide activists lived experience in order to come up with deeper understanding of their attempts and probable future measures to help survivors overcome their sorrow and finally prevent similar crises from happening in the future. Method: Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method through Van Manen’s method, the transcripts of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine activists of Barzani genocide were analyzed. The interviews were carried out at the activists’ home. Results: Analyzing the interviews led to emergence of three main themes which were “Attempting to introduce Barzani genocide to international community”, “Archiving the event”, and “Alleviating the genocide survivors’ grief”. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the activists’ attempts have been successful in introducing Barzani genocide worldwide, archiving the events involved with and leading to the crisis, and alleviating the survivors’ grief.
背景和目的:1983年发生的巴尔扎尼种族灭绝导致8 000名巴尔扎尼人死亡。从那时起,不同的活动人士进行了多次尝试,将这些事件存档,让全世界都知道这场危机,并帮助幸存者。本研究是对巴尔扎尼种族灭绝活动人士的生活经历进行定性调查,以便更深入地了解他们的尝试和未来可能采取的措施,以帮助幸存者克服悲伤,最终防止类似的危机在未来发生。方法:采用解释学现象学方法,通过Van Manen的方法,对9名巴尔扎尼种族灭绝活动家的深度半结构化访谈文本进行分析。采访是在活动人士的家中进行的。结果:通过对访谈内容的分析,得出了“试图向国际社会介绍巴尔扎尼种族灭绝”、“将事件存档”和“减轻种族灭绝幸存者的悲痛”三个主题。结论:根据本研究的结果,活动家们的尝试已经成功地在世界范围内介绍了巴尔扎尼种族灭绝,记录了与危机有关的事件和导致危机的事件,减轻了幸存者的悲伤。
{"title":"Lived Experience of the Activists of Barzani Genocide: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"M. Karim, T. Piro, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Barzani genocide that occurred in 1983 led to death of 8,000 Barzani men. Since then, there have been numerous attempts by different activists to archive the events, make the crisis know worldwide, and help the survivors. The present study was a qualitative investigation into the Barzani genocide activists lived experience in order to come up with deeper understanding of their attempts and probable future measures to help survivors overcome their sorrow and finally prevent similar crises from happening in the future. Method: Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method through Van Manen’s method, the transcripts of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine activists of Barzani genocide were analyzed. The interviews were carried out at the activists’ home. Results: Analyzing the interviews led to emergence of three main themes which were “Attempting to introduce Barzani genocide to international community”, “Archiving the event”, and “Alleviating the genocide survivors’ grief”. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the activists’ attempts have been successful in introducing Barzani genocide worldwide, archiving the events involved with and leading to the crisis, and alleviating the survivors’ grief.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127112727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forensic Investigation of Two Christian and Muslim Mass Graves Skeletal Remains in Sorya-Duhok governorate- Iraqi Kurdistan 伊拉克库尔德斯坦索里亚-杜霍克省两个基督徒和穆斯林乱葬岗遗骸的法医调查
Yasin K. Amin, G. Othman
1 Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. 2 Department of Medical Lab. Technology, Health Technical College, Erbil, Iraq. * Correspondence: dr_yka@yahoo.com Introduction Throughout modern history, Christians have been geographically dispersed, with large numbers in cities across Iraq. In 1961 there were one million Christians in northern Iraq. However, by 1979, 50% of Christians were living in Baghdad, making up 14% of the capital's population. Under the Ba'ath regime's Arabisation policies, the community was required to identify as either Arab or Kurd in the 1977 census. Now, the largely reduced Christian population remains in Baghdad, Basra, Kirkuk, the Nineveh Plains, as well as the Erbil and Duhok governorates in the Kurdistan regional government. The last Iraqi census, in 1987, counted 1.4 million Christians, but the economic sanctions during the 1990s led to their migration abroad. Before starting the Gulf War between Iraq and Coalition forces in 1991, they were estimated at about one million. By the time of the US-led invasion in 2003, that figure fell to about 800,000. Then the numbers are thought to have fallen dramatically after attacking them by different groups of terrorist especially in Nineveh. The identification of mass graves skeletal remains and anthropological evaluation considered as the most important step toward documenting human rights violations which lead to giving back to families the remaining skeleton of victims, which are considered, until exhumed, as lost or disappeared. The mass graves in Iraq are Background and objective: This study aimed to investigate two mass graves located in Sorya village, Duhok governorate-Iraqi Kurdistan region. Methods: The investigation included excavation of the graves and identification of the victims. The field study was started after taking testimonies and witnesses for locating the site of graves. Two sites were described (Site 001 and site 002), which were excavated according to the scientific standard procedures. Sex determination, age, and stature estimation were performed on the remained skeletons in the medico-legal institute-Erbil laboratory. Results: Site 001 included 14 bodies, two of them were males and five were females, whereas the others were not identified because of degradations happens to the bones. Site 002 included 25 bodies, which were Christians according to witnesses and supported by evidence. Four victims appeared to be males, 14 were females, and 7 could not be identified. The results of age estimation reported that the number of young bodies in site 001 was five bodies, which represent 35.7% of them all, while 13 out of 25 were young bodies in site 002, which produced 52% of all victims. All the remained bones were recorded in detail for more documentation. Conclusion: This finding described the exhumation and anthropological evaluation of two mass graves in Sorya– Duhok governorate Iraqi Kurdistan region. The majority of the victims were
1伊拉克霍勒医科大学医学研究中心,埃尔比勒;技术,卫生技术学院,埃尔比勒,伊拉克。在整个现代历史中,基督徒在地理上一直是分散的,在伊拉克各地的城市中有大量的基督徒。1961年,伊拉克北部有100万基督徒。然而,到1979年,50%的基督徒居住在巴格达,占首都人口的14%。根据复兴党政权的阿拉伯化政策,在1977年的人口普查中,该社区被要求认定为阿拉伯人或库尔德人。现在,大量减少的基督徒人口仍留在巴格达、巴士拉、基尔库克、尼尼微平原,以及库尔德斯坦地区政府的埃尔比勒和杜胡克省。上一次伊拉克人口普查是在1987年,当时有140万基督徒,但上世纪90年代的经济制裁导致他们移居国外。在1991年伊拉克和联军之间的海湾战争开始之前,他们估计有大约100万人。到2003年美国领导的入侵时,这一数字降至约80万。在受到不同恐怖组织的袭击后,特别是在尼尼微,这些数字被认为急剧下降。辨认乱葬坑、遗骨和人类学评价被认为是记录侵犯人权行为的最重要步骤,这些侵犯人权行为导致将受害者的遗骨归还给家属,在挖掘出来之前,这些遗骨被认为是丢失或失踪的。背景和目的:本研究旨在调查位于伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区杜胡克省索利亚村的两个万人坑。方法:采用挖掘墓葬、鉴定死者身份等调查方法。实地调查是在收集了确定墓地的证言和证人后开始的。描述了两个遗址(遗址001和遗址002),这两个遗址是根据科学标准程序挖掘的。在埃尔比勒医学法律研究所实验室对剩余的骨骼进行了性别测定、年龄和身高估计。结果:Site 001包括14具尸体,其中2具是男性,5具是女性,而其他的由于骨骼的退化而没有被识别。002号遗址有25具尸体,据目击者称是基督徒,并有证据支持。4名受害者似乎是男性,14名是女性,7名身份不明。年龄估计结果显示,001地点的年轻尸体有5具,占所有尸体的35.7%,而002地点的25具年轻尸体中有13具,占所有受害者的52%。所有剩下的骨头都被详细记录下来,以提供更多的文件。结论:这一发现描述了伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区索利亚-杜胡克省两个万人坑的发掘和人类学评价。大多数受害者是女性,其中包括基督徒和穆斯林。
{"title":"Forensic Investigation of Two Christian and Muslim Mass Graves Skeletal Remains in Sorya-Duhok governorate- Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"Yasin K. Amin, G. Othman","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"1 Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. 2 Department of Medical Lab. Technology, Health Technical College, Erbil, Iraq. * Correspondence: dr_yka@yahoo.com Introduction Throughout modern history, Christians have been geographically dispersed, with large numbers in cities across Iraq. In 1961 there were one million Christians in northern Iraq. However, by 1979, 50% of Christians were living in Baghdad, making up 14% of the capital's population. Under the Ba'ath regime's Arabisation policies, the community was required to identify as either Arab or Kurd in the 1977 census. Now, the largely reduced Christian population remains in Baghdad, Basra, Kirkuk, the Nineveh Plains, as well as the Erbil and Duhok governorates in the Kurdistan regional government. The last Iraqi census, in 1987, counted 1.4 million Christians, but the economic sanctions during the 1990s led to their migration abroad. Before starting the Gulf War between Iraq and Coalition forces in 1991, they were estimated at about one million. By the time of the US-led invasion in 2003, that figure fell to about 800,000. Then the numbers are thought to have fallen dramatically after attacking them by different groups of terrorist especially in Nineveh. The identification of mass graves skeletal remains and anthropological evaluation considered as the most important step toward documenting human rights violations which lead to giving back to families the remaining skeleton of victims, which are considered, until exhumed, as lost or disappeared. The mass graves in Iraq are Background and objective: This study aimed to investigate two mass graves located in Sorya village, Duhok governorate-Iraqi Kurdistan region. Methods: The investigation included excavation of the graves and identification of the victims. The field study was started after taking testimonies and witnesses for locating the site of graves. Two sites were described (Site 001 and site 002), which were excavated according to the scientific standard procedures. Sex determination, age, and stature estimation were performed on the remained skeletons in the medico-legal institute-Erbil laboratory. Results: Site 001 included 14 bodies, two of them were males and five were females, whereas the others were not identified because of degradations happens to the bones. Site 002 included 25 bodies, which were Christians according to witnesses and supported by evidence. Four victims appeared to be males, 14 were females, and 7 could not be identified. The results of age estimation reported that the number of young bodies in site 001 was five bodies, which represent 35.7% of them all, while 13 out of 25 were young bodies in site 002, which produced 52% of all victims. All the remained bones were recorded in detail for more documentation. Conclusion: This finding described the exhumation and anthropological evaluation of two mass graves in Sorya– Duhok governorate Iraqi Kurdistan region. The majority of the victims were","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129380666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cytogenetic study among chemical bombardment survivors in Shekh Wasan and Balisan valley Kurdistan Region-Iraq 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区谢赫瓦桑和巴利桑山谷化学轰炸幸存者的细胞遗传学研究
S. Mohammed, Hazha Hedayat
This study was performed randomly on 40 individuals selected within a specific period, between January 2014 to October 2014 in order to a certain whether or not a sample of chemical weapons used on Shekh Wasan & Balisan valley in 16 April 1987, have incurred genetic damage. The following results were obtained: The chromosomal aberration is a very sensitive and widely applied assay used as a bio indicator of genetic damage induced by an environmental agent or clastogen. In current study a group of (40) chemical bombardment survivors there were (15) individuals have different types of chromosome aberrations, including (ring chromosome %52.5, dicentric chromosome %30, chromosome break with fragment %57.5, chromatid interchange (quadriradial) %27.5, chromatid interchange (triradial) %27.5.
这项研究是在2014年1月至2014年10月的特定时期内随机选择40个人进行的,目的是确定1987年4月16日在谢赫瓦桑和巴利桑山谷使用的化学武器样本是否造成了遗传损伤。染色体畸变是一种非常敏感和广泛应用的测定方法,被用作环境因子或破坏原引起的遗传损伤的生物指标。在本研究的40例化学轰击幸存者中,有15例个体存在不同类型的染色体畸变,包括环状染色体%52.5,双心染色体%30,染色体断裂带片段%57.5,染色单体交换(四径向)%27.5,染色单体交换(三径向)%27.5。
{"title":"Cytogenetic study among chemical bombardment survivors in Shekh Wasan and Balisan valley Kurdistan Region-Iraq","authors":"S. Mohammed, Hazha Hedayat","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed randomly on 40 individuals selected within a specific period, between January 2014 to October 2014 in order to a certain whether or not a sample of chemical weapons used on Shekh Wasan & Balisan valley in 16 April 1987, have incurred genetic damage. The following results were obtained: \u0000The chromosomal aberration is a very sensitive and widely applied assay used as a bio indicator of genetic damage induced by an environmental agent or clastogen. In current study a group of (40) chemical bombardment survivors there were (15) individuals have different types of chromosome aberrations, including (ring chromosome %52.5, dicentric chromosome %30, chromosome break with fragment %57.5, chromatid interchange (quadriradial) %27.5, chromatid interchange (triradial) %27.5.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"470 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131579745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
حكم الإبادة الجماعية في الشريعة الاسلامية و الديانات الأخرى القومية الكردية أنموذجاً 在伊斯兰教法和其他库尔德民族主义宗教中,种族灭绝的判决就是一个例子。
Y. Kareem
{"title":"حكم الإبادة الجماعية في الشريعة الاسلامية و الديانات الأخرى القومية الكردية أنموذجاً","authors":"Y. Kareem","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131251330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Biochemical and Hematological Follow up of Peshmergas Exposed to Chemical Weapon 接触化学武器的自由斗士的临床生化和血液学随访
Y. Karim, M. Qader, Ahmad Mikaail, G. Othman
{"title":"Clinical Biochemical and Hematological Follow up of Peshmergas Exposed to Chemical Weapon","authors":"Y. Karim, M. Qader, Ahmad Mikaail, G. Othman","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115537958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1