This study explores the sociolinguistic situation of a metropolitan Manila Lannang community based on data gathered between 2017 and 2020. A survey was administered to 117 individuals to probe into various dimensions of self-reported language use (e.g., proficiency, confidence) and attitudes (e.g., pride). The results show that, among the Lannangs, there is a range of language use and attitudes, with age and other social factors such as identity impacting the scope of this variability. This variability appears to progress along a continuum in some areas, while forming cluster patterns in others. An examination of the contemporary data alongside data from investigations done in the late 1980s and 1990s reveals some disparities, pointing to generational shifts in language use. The findings demonstrate that the sociolinguistic situation of the Manila Lannang community is unique, dynamic, and complex, enabling us to gain some insights and a nuanced view of the sociolinguistic landscape of the broader Asia-Pacific region.
{"title":"Variability in clusters and continuums","authors":"W. D. Gonzales","doi":"10.1075/aplv.22009.gon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.22009.gon","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores the sociolinguistic situation of a\u0000 metropolitan Manila Lannang community based on data gathered between 2017 and\u0000 2020. A survey was administered to 117 individuals to probe into various\u0000 dimensions of self-reported language use (e.g., proficiency, confidence) and\u0000 attitudes (e.g., pride). The results show that, among the Lannangs, there is a\u0000 range of language use and attitudes, with age and other social factors such as\u0000 identity impacting the scope of this variability. This variability appears to\u0000 progress along a continuum in some areas, while forming cluster patterns in\u0000 others. An examination of the contemporary data alongside data from\u0000 investigations done in the late 1980s and 1990s reveals some disparities,\u0000 pointing to generational shifts in language use. The findings demonstrate that\u0000 the sociolinguistic situation of the Manila Lannang community is unique,\u0000 dynamic, and complex, enabling us to gain some insights and a nuanced view of\u0000 the sociolinguistic landscape of the broader Asia-Pacific region.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43727661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topic-based style-shifting refers to the variation pattern that, when people talk about a topic, they shift to a linguistic style which is associated with the topic. Most of the research on topic-based variation in read speech have not taken stance-taking into consideration. This study argues that stance-taking needs to be included in the analysis of topic-based variation, for reading something aloud is a practice where individuals engage with the message communicated in a text. This study looks at the socially salient variable /ʂ/ in Taiwan Mandarin, and how deaf speakers exploit this variable to perform their stances towards a passage concerned with the political relationship between hearing people and deaf signers. The findings show that participants who demonstrate a stance of deaf solidarity diverge from standard speech styles in their repertoires when reading the deaf passage.
{"title":"Topic-based variation as both cognitive and agentive","authors":"Tsung-Lun Alan Wan","doi":"10.1075/aplv.22001.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.22001.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Topic-based style-shifting refers to the variation pattern that, when people talk about a topic, they shift to a linguistic style which is associated with the topic. Most of the research on topic-based variation in read speech have not taken stance-taking into consideration. This study argues that stance-taking needs to be included in the analysis of topic-based variation, for reading something aloud is a practice where individuals engage with the message communicated in a text. This study looks at the socially salient variable /ʂ/ in Taiwan Mandarin, and how deaf speakers exploit this variable to perform their stances towards a passage concerned with the political relationship between hearing people and deaf signers. The findings show that participants who demonstrate a stance of deaf solidarity diverge from standard speech styles in their repertoires when reading the deaf passage.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term aegyo refers to a cute style of speech in Korean with numerous reported phonetic correlates. One of these is obstruent fortition (OF). The present study examines the gender and age effects of OF across 21 romantic couples and across eight mock situations (date, workplace, family, comfort, date-planning, request, expression of love). Results revealed a significant interaction between performance of aegyo and age, such that younger participants exhibited higher rates of OF when performing aegyo than when not performing aegyo, whereas older participants did not. Results also revealed a gender effect such that women employed more OF than men, and a situation effect such that OF was more likely to occur in romantic situations, suggesting its indexicality of romantic intimacy.
{"title":"Fortifying cuteness","authors":"Drew Crosby, Amanda Dalola","doi":"10.1075/aplv.22005.cro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.22005.cro","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The term aegyo refers to a cute style of speech\u0000 in Korean with numerous reported phonetic correlates. One of these is obstruent\u0000 fortition (OF). The present study examines the gender and age effects of OF\u0000 across 21 romantic couples and across eight mock situations (date, workplace,\u0000 family, comfort, date-planning, request, expression of love). Results revealed a\u0000 significant interaction between performance of aegyo and\u0000 age, such that younger participants exhibited higher rates of\u0000 OF when performing aegyo than when not performing\u0000 aegyo, whereas older participants did not. Results also\u0000 revealed a gender effect such that women employed more OF than\u0000 men, and a situation effect such that OF was more likely to occur in\u0000 romantic situations, suggesting its indexicality of romantic intimacy.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A language’s endangerment is said to be typified by variation accompanied by some degree of unpredictability. This paper examines if this characterization is appropriate of Baba Malay, an endangered creole, as it is spoken in Singapore. Recent work suggests that the language is much less variable than one expects of a creole. A comparison between historical Baba Malay material and newer Baba Malay material, focusing on the language’s pronominal system, and aspectual and tense system, demonstrates that this is indeed the case. Such variation or an increasing lack of it is not unpredictable, stemming not only from natural language change, but also from changes in the language’s socio-environment. Increasing lack of proficiency in the component languages and a desire among speakers to distinguish themselves from speakers of the lexifier variety may explain some loss in Baba Malay’s variability.
{"title":"Variability or its loss in creole endangerment","authors":"Nala H. Lee","doi":"10.1075/aplv.22003.lee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.22003.lee","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A language’s endangerment is said to be typified by variation accompanied by some degree of unpredictability. This paper examines if this characterization is appropriate of Baba Malay, an endangered creole, as it is spoken in Singapore. Recent work suggests that the language is much less variable than one expects of a creole. A comparison between historical Baba Malay material and newer Baba Malay material, focusing on the language’s pronominal system, and aspectual and tense system, demonstrates that this is indeed the case. Such variation or an increasing lack of it is not unpredictable, stemming not only from natural language change, but also from changes in the language’s socio-environment. Increasing lack of proficiency in the component languages and a desire among speakers to distinguish themselves from speakers of the lexifier variety may explain some loss in Baba Malay’s variability.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the variation that stems from language contact between the suffix ‑tou, a locative marker in the Chengdu dialect spoken in Southwest China, and its standard Chinese counterpart ‑mian. The data are drawn from sociolinguistic interviews with 40 native speakers of the Chengdu dialect. It is shown that the standard Chinese form ‑mian has outnumbered ‑tou in terms of occurrence, suggesting a change in progress over apparent time that essentially involves a dialect leveling that results from language standardization and contact-induced convergence. Meanwhile, the two variants undergo certain stylistic reallocation and begin to serve new socio-stylistic roles. To our knowledge, this is the first study that systematically investigates the variation of Chinese locatives.
{"title":"Regional dialect leveling in Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Aini Li","doi":"10.1075/aplv.20004.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.20004.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper studies the variation that stems from language contact between the suffix ‑tou, a locative marker in the Chengdu dialect spoken in Southwest China, and its standard Chinese counterpart ‑mian. The data are drawn from sociolinguistic interviews with 40 native speakers of the Chengdu dialect. It is shown that the standard Chinese form ‑mian has outnumbered ‑tou in terms of occurrence, suggesting a change in progress over apparent time that essentially involves a dialect leveling that results from language standardization and contact-induced convergence. Meanwhile, the two variants undergo certain stylistic reallocation and begin to serve new socio-stylistic roles. To our knowledge, this is the first study that systematically investigates the variation of Chinese locatives.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41568700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes four patterns of variation in the subject-indexing paradigm of Vatlongos (Oceanic, Vanuatu). It explores their quantitative distribution in a corpus of monologic texts from speakers in three different communities: Mele Maat, a relocated peri-urban community; Endu, which has a distinct dialect; and Ase-Taveak, the other villages of Southeast Ambrym. Speakers in Mele Maat are more likely to use a zero variant of the third person singular Non-future prefix and shorter syllabic variants, and less likely to use the paucal number category. All three patterns suggest formal simplification in the Mele Maat community. The latter two patterns are also associated with higher levels of education, and consequent greater exposure to national and international languages. Overall these patterns suggest that changes which involve reduction of distinctions in morphological paradigms are more likely to be accelerated in contexts of language endangerment than phonological change or phonological reduction.
{"title":"Patterns of variation in subject-indexing prefixes in Vatlongos, Southeast Ambrym","authors":"E. Ridge","doi":"10.1075/aplv.19006.rid","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.19006.rid","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper describes four patterns of variation in the subject-indexing paradigm of Vatlongos (Oceanic, Vanuatu). It explores their quantitative distribution in a corpus of monologic texts from speakers in three different communities: Mele Maat, a relocated peri-urban community; Endu, which has a distinct dialect; and Ase-Taveak, the other villages of Southeast Ambrym. Speakers in Mele Maat are more likely to use a zero variant of the third person singular Non-future prefix and shorter syllabic variants, and less likely to use the paucal number category. All three patterns suggest formal simplification in the Mele Maat community. The latter two patterns are also associated with higher levels of education, and consequent greater exposure to national and international languages. Overall these patterns suggest that changes which involve reduction of distinctions in morphological paradigms are more likely to be accelerated in contexts of language endangerment than phonological change or phonological reduction.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47709894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores intergenerational changes in Gurindji Kriol, in order to determine whether differences between adults and children are the result of an abrupt generational shift or an extended acquisition process. We analyse the production of Gurindji in the speech of five age groups of Gurindji Kriol speakers, using a set of 176 picture-prompt narratives from 70 different speakers. The data is analysed both synchronically (in apparent-time) and diachronically (in real-time). The synchronic snapshot of the data reveals that adults use significantly more Gurindji than children which can be interpreted as a generational shift towards Kriol. Nonetheless the real-time data shows that most children increase their use of Gurindji as they age which suggests an extended acquisition of Gurindji. Although contradictory on the surface, this study argues that these processes are occurring in tandem, with the extended acquisition of Gurindji by children slowing down the intergenerational shift towards Kriol.
{"title":"Intergenerational changes in Gurindji Kriol","authors":"Bodean Sloan, F. Meakins, C. Algy","doi":"10.1075/aplv.21001.slo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.21001.slo","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper explores intergenerational changes in Gurindji Kriol, in order to determine whether differences between adults and children are the result of an abrupt generational shift or an extended acquisition process. We analyse the production of Gurindji in the speech of five age groups of Gurindji Kriol speakers, using a set of 176 picture-prompt narratives from 70 different speakers. The data is analysed both synchronically (in apparent-time) and diachronically (in real-time). The synchronic snapshot of the data reveals that adults use significantly more Gurindji than children which can be interpreted as a generational shift towards Kriol. Nonetheless the real-time data shows that most children increase their use of Gurindji as they age which suggests an extended acquisition of Gurindji. Although contradictory on the surface, this study argues that these processes are occurring in tandem, with the extended acquisition of Gurindji by children slowing down the intergenerational shift towards Kriol.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under Talmy’s (2000a) framework of Figure and Ground segregation, this paper examines the word order variation between constructions [NPFigure V-măn NPGround] and [NPGround V-măn NPFigure] regarding Chinese existential phenomenon, that is, Mìfēng fēi-măn le huāyuán. ‘Bees swarm in the garden.’ and Huāyuán fēi-măn le mìfēng. ‘The garden swarms with bees.’ In this data-driven study, 263 monosyllabic verbs are investigated and 1456 news texts are collected for a quantitative analysis. This study has successfully identified linguistic factors that can better account for the distributional patterns of the word order alternation in the corpora. Results of the VARBRUL analysis indicate that topicality of the post verbal NP and definiteness of Figure NP play a relatively crucial role in determining the word order choice, while semantic type of verb and animacy of Figure NP are less influential. This paper presents a variationist perspective on the motivations that trigger the use of Chinese existential construction [NPGround V-măn NPFigure].
本文在Talmy(2000)的图地分离框架下，考察了[NPFigure v - m n NPGround]和[NPGround v - m n NPFigure]对汉语存在现象Mìfēng fēi-măn le huāyuán的语序差异。蜜蜂在花园里蜂拥而至。'和Huāyuán fēi-măn le mìfēng。花园里蜜蜂成群。在这项数据驱动的研究中，研究人员调查了263个单音节动词，并收集了1456篇新闻文本进行定量分析。本研究成功地发现了能更好地解释语料库中语序变化分布模式的语言因素。VARBRUL分析结果表明，后词NP的话题性和图NP的确定性对语序选择的影响相对重要，而动词的语义类型和图NP的活泼性对语序选择的影响较小。本文从变异论的角度分析了引发汉语存在结构使用的动机[NPGround v - murn NPFigure]。
{"title":"Word order variation in Chinese existential constructions with V-măn","authors":"Miao-chin Chiu","doi":"10.1075/aplv.20010.chi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.20010.chi","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Under Talmy’s (2000a) framework of Figure and Ground segregation, this\u0000 paper examines the word order variation between constructions [NPFigure V-măn NPGround] and\u0000 [NPGround V-măn NPFigure] regarding Chinese existential phenomenon, that is,\u0000 Mìfēng fēi-măn le huāyuán. ‘Bees swarm in the garden.’ and Huāyuán fēi-măn le mìfēng. ‘The\u0000 garden swarms with bees.’\u0000 In this data-driven study, 263 monosyllabic verbs are investigated and 1456 news texts are collected for a\u0000 quantitative analysis. This study has successfully identified linguistic factors that can better account for the distributional\u0000 patterns of the word order alternation in the corpora. Results of the VARBRUL analysis indicate that topicality of the post verbal\u0000 NP and definiteness of Figure NP play a relatively crucial role in determining the word order choice, while semantic type of verb\u0000 and animacy of Figure NP are less influential. This paper presents a variationist perspective on the motivations that trigger the\u0000 use of Chinese existential construction [NPGround V-măn NPFigure].","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41534787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variation and change in the languages of Indonesia","authors":"M. Abtahian, A. Cohn, R. Starr","doi":"10.1075/aplv.7.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.7.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As Indonesian becomes more dominant in Indonesia, regional heritage languages, such as Javanese, may be increasingly influenced by phonological transfer. The extent of these effects may depend upon a speaker’s region and social background, as well as age of acquisition and proficiency in various languages. This study investigates the impact of these factors on the Javanese production among multilingual children in East Java. Specifically, we analyze the distinction between dental and retroflex coronal stops (/t̪/ /d̪̥ /, /ʈ/, /ɖ̥/), which phonemically contrast in Javanese, but not in Indonesian. The data were elicited from 95 children in Malang, a large urban center, and Blitar, a smaller city. The findings indicate that Javanese is shifting to a two-way contrast comparable to that of Indonesian; female and Malang speakers lead in this change. These findings highlight the significance of social factors in children’s language acquisition, and illustrate ongoing changes in Javanese.
{"title":"Variation and contact-induced change in Javanese phonology among multilingual children in Indonesia","authors":"E. L. Zen, R. Starr","doi":"10.1075/aplv.20005.zen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.20005.zen","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As Indonesian becomes more dominant in Indonesia, regional heritage languages, such as Javanese, may be\u0000 increasingly influenced by phonological transfer. The extent of these effects may depend upon a speaker’s region and social\u0000 background, as well as age of acquisition and proficiency in various languages. This study investigates the impact of these\u0000 factors on the Javanese production among multilingual children in East Java. Specifically, we analyze the distinction between\u0000 dental and retroflex coronal stops (/t̪/ /d̪̥ /, /ʈ/, /ɖ̥/), which phonemically contrast in Javanese, but not in Indonesian. The\u0000 data were elicited from 95 children in Malang, a large urban center, and Blitar, a smaller city. The findings indicate that\u0000 Javanese is shifting to a two-way contrast comparable to that of Indonesian; female and Malang speakers lead in this change. These\u0000 findings highlight the significance of social factors in children’s language acquisition, and illustrate ongoing changes in\u0000 Javanese.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44550436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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