Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684559
P. Yadav, J. Yadav, C. Wong, S. Laxminarayan, M. J. Modak
{"title":"Computer Assisted Design Of Purine Nucleoside Analogs: Implications In Aids-therapy","authors":"P. Yadav, J. Yadav, C. Wong, S. Laxminarayan, M. J. Modak","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684982
H. Othmer, M. Watanabe
Periodically-forced excitable systems arise in many biological contexts, but they have not been studied to the extent that forced oscillatory systems have been. In previous papers a theory was developed for a certain class of forced excitable sytems, but that theory is restricted to slowly-varying forcing. In this note we show that a number of new phenomena arise with high-frequency forcing.
{"title":"Resonance In Forced Piecewise-linear Excitable Systems","authors":"H. Othmer, M. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684982","url":null,"abstract":"Periodically-forced excitable systems arise in many biological contexts, but they have not been studied to the extent that forced oscillatory systems have been. In previous papers a theory was developed for a certain class of forced excitable sytems, but that theory is restricted to slowly-varying forcing. In this note we show that a number of new phenomena arise with high-frequency forcing.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684747
T. Arai, M. Sakurada, A. Miyamoto, K. Mizuno, K. Arakawa, T. Shibuya, A. Kurita, H. Nakamura, M. Kikuchi, A. Utsumi, Y. Akai, M. Takeuchi
We developed a hot balloon catheter for stenotic coronary diseases using Ar laser as a heat source. A circulation design of contrast medium in the balloon made it possible to attain rapid temperature elevation and temperature uniformity. The silica fiber power delivery of Ar laser offered flexibility and insulation for the balloon catheter. In vitro and acute in vivo experiment revealed the efficacy of this hot balloon.
{"title":"Laser Hot Balloon Catheter For Stenotic Coronary Diseases","authors":"T. Arai, M. Sakurada, A. Miyamoto, K. Mizuno, K. Arakawa, T. Shibuya, A. Kurita, H. Nakamura, M. Kikuchi, A. Utsumi, Y. Akai, M. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684747","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a hot balloon catheter for stenotic coronary diseases using Ar laser as a heat source. A circulation design of contrast medium in the balloon made it possible to attain rapid temperature elevation and temperature uniformity. The silica fiber power delivery of Ar laser offered flexibility and insulation for the balloon catheter. In vitro and acute in vivo experiment revealed the efficacy of this hot balloon.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131431849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684883
D. S. Berger, J.K. Li, W. Laskey, A. Noordergraaf
Pressure and flow waves measured in the aorta can be decomposed into one foryard and one backward traveling component. In this paper we postulate that the forward and backward waves are not single waveforms. but are themselves composed of individual antegrade and retrograde waves. The antegrade waves include the initial waveforms (produced in the absence of reflection) and those arising from reflections at the aortic valve while the retrograde waves are produced by reflections in the periphery. Modeling the arterial system as an equivalent single tube terminating in a complex load, we derive expressions relating the measured waveforms with the initial waveforms, reflection coefficients, and properties of the arterial system. Results indicate that multiple wave reflection does occur with the waves decreasing in amplitude as reflection continues. In addition, it appears that individual reflections tend to become insignificant before the onset of the next cardiac cycle.
{"title":"Multiple Wave Reflections In The Systemic Arterial System","authors":"D. S. Berger, J.K. Li, W. Laskey, A. Noordergraaf","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684883","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure and flow waves measured in the aorta can be decomposed into one foryard and one backward traveling component. In this paper we postulate that the forward and backward waves are not single waveforms. but are themselves composed of individual antegrade and retrograde waves. The antegrade waves include the initial waveforms (produced in the absence of reflection) and those arising from reflections at the aortic valve while the retrograde waves are produced by reflections in the periphery. Modeling the arterial system as an equivalent single tube terminating in a complex load, we derive expressions relating the measured waveforms with the initial waveforms, reflection coefficients, and properties of the arterial system. Results indicate that multiple wave reflection does occur with the waves decreasing in amplitude as reflection continues. In addition, it appears that individual reflections tend to become insignificant before the onset of the next cardiac cycle.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.685014
L. Bour, A. Wolzak, D. van’t Ent, J. Speelman, B. W. Ongerboer de Visser
Computer simulation with a model of the saccadic burst generator, proposed by C. A. Scudder (1988), demonstrated that metrics of saccades as well as their velocity characteristics can be altered without changing the characteristics of the burst generator itself. The model could be used to explain impairment of saccadic eye movements in, for instance, Parkinson's disease (PD), since in this disorder at brainstem level pontine structures, where the burst generator is located, are unaffected. Comparison of saccades in PD patients with computer simulations showed that the model provided reasonable explanation for the observed reduction in maximum saccade velocity, but is not appropriate to explain hypometria of saccades.
用C. a . Scudder(1988)提出的跳跃式脉冲发生器模型进行计算机模拟表明，在不改变脉冲发生器本身特性的情况下，可以改变跳跃式脉冲的度量及其速度特性。该模型可用于解释例如帕金森病(PD)的跳眼运动损伤，因为在这种疾病中，脑干水平的脑桥结构(即爆发发生器所在的位置)不受影响。PD患者的扫视与计算机模拟的比较表明，该模型对观察到的最大扫视速度降低提供了合理的解释，但不适合解释扫视的低视。
{"title":"Computer Simulution Of Oculomotor Control In extrapyranidal Disorders","authors":"L. Bour, A. Wolzak, D. van’t Ent, J. Speelman, B. W. Ongerboer de Visser","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.685014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.685014","url":null,"abstract":"Computer simulation with a model of the saccadic burst generator, proposed by C. A. Scudder (1988), demonstrated that metrics of saccades as well as their velocity characteristics can be altered without changing the characteristics of the burst generator itself. The model could be used to explain impairment of saccadic eye movements in, for instance, Parkinson's disease (PD), since in this disorder at brainstem level pontine structures, where the burst generator is located, are unaffected. Comparison of saccades in PD patients with computer simulations showed that the model provided reasonable explanation for the observed reduction in maximum saccade velocity, but is not appropriate to explain hypometria of saccades.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122099537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.683966
K. Cheng, Yen-Ting Chen, Jia-Kuang Liu
Landmarks on the cephalograms are those representing the actual anatomic structures of the skull. These points are used by orthodontists for diagnosis and treatment planning. In this study, a microcomputer system with a desk-top scanner was employed for locating the landmarks of X-ray cephalogram automatidy. Fustly, the digitized image of cephalogram is processed to define a reference point for analysis, and divided into several rectangular subimages (such as frontal, orbit, mda, mandible,...). These regions containing all the useful landmarks are then enhanced in the preprocessing stage. The pyramid method is used to reduce the resolution of image, and the edges are detected by the appropriate edge detectors or the best orientation edge detector. The curve. of each edge is corrected elastically with the pre-stored models. Finally, positions of landmarks could be located immediately and the associated paremeters could also be computed for diagnosis.
{"title":"Automatic Analysis Of Landmarks In Cephalograms","authors":"K. Cheng, Yen-Ting Chen, Jia-Kuang Liu","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.683966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.683966","url":null,"abstract":"Landmarks on the cephalograms are those representing the actual anatomic structures of the skull. These points are used by orthodontists for diagnosis and treatment planning. In this study, a microcomputer system with a desk-top scanner was employed for locating the landmarks of X-ray cephalogram automatidy. Fustly, the digitized image of cephalogram is processed to define a reference point for analysis, and divided into several rectangular subimages (such as frontal, orbit, mda, mandible,...). These regions containing all the useful landmarks are then enhanced in the preprocessing stage. The pyramid method is used to reduce the resolution of image, and the edges are detected by the appropriate edge detectors or the best orientation edge detector. The curve. of each edge is corrected elastically with the pre-stored models. Finally, positions of landmarks could be located immediately and the associated paremeters could also be computed for diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129146054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684238
J. Chen, J. Liou, Gwo-Ching Jang, Jyh Woei Yang, Kuo-An Lai
The muscular activity of human cyclic movement can be described by the phasic activity of electromyographic (EMG) linear envelopes (LE). The goal of this research is to compare the muscular activity pattern based on the EMG phasic activity. To represent the phasic activity, the LE is modeled as the summation of Gaussian pulses of various lengths. The parameters of interest are the temporal features: time, duration, and amplitude of the phases of activity. Based on the temporal features, a phasic matching process is developed to obtain the best matches between the phases of activity in LE’S such that the matching phases can be compared. For the EMG LE modeled with varied lengths of duration, a merge process is necessary to assure the optimum matching. The best matching can be justified by minimizing the total distance which is the summation of distances of the matching phases.
{"title":"Comparison Of Electromyographic Phasic Activity In Human Cyclic Movement","authors":"J. Chen, J. Liou, Gwo-Ching Jang, Jyh Woei Yang, Kuo-An Lai","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684238","url":null,"abstract":"The muscular activity of human cyclic movement can be described by the phasic activity of electromyographic (EMG) linear envelopes (LE). The goal of this research is to compare the muscular activity pattern based on the EMG phasic activity. To represent the phasic activity, the LE is modeled as the summation of Gaussian pulses of various lengths. The parameters of interest are the temporal features: time, duration, and amplitude of the phases of activity. Based on the temporal features, a phasic matching process is developed to obtain the best matches between the phases of activity in LE’S such that the matching phases can be compared. For the EMG LE modeled with varied lengths of duration, a merge process is necessary to assure the optimum matching. The best matching can be justified by minimizing the total distance which is the summation of distances of the matching phases.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133181797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684897
S. Finkelstein, D. Burns, K. Chen, G. McVeigh, J. Cohn
ABSTRArn A non-invasive arterial blood pressure waveform monitor was compared to standard brachial artery pressure monitoring for both mean, diastolic and systolic pressure measures and pulse contour derived proximal and distal arterial vascular compliance. The study was performed on 23 cases from 17 individual healthy volunteer subjects. Compliance was calculated from a modified Windkessel model of the peripheral vasculature, utilizing parameters from the pulse contour analysis of simultaneously recorded non-invasive and invasive pressure waveforms. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the paired pressure values. Pressure measures varied by less than 20% between methods for the majority of cases (from 52% of diastolic to 91% of systolic cases). Compliance differences were greater, with systematically higher values for non-invasively derived proximal and distal compliance than those obtained from direct brachial cannulation. This study demonstrated that pulse contour derived compliance can be determined from a non-invasive blood pressure waveform monitor. Studies in our laboratory using noninvasive methodology are comparing compliance in healthy subjects and hypertensive and heart failure patients to see if differences in compliance between these groups can be detected, as has been shown previously using invasive
{"title":"A Comparison Of Invasive And Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurements For Determ[ining Arterial Vascular Compliance","authors":"S. Finkelstein, D. Burns, K. Chen, G. McVeigh, J. Cohn","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684897","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRArn A non-invasive arterial blood pressure waveform monitor was compared to standard brachial artery pressure monitoring for both mean, diastolic and systolic pressure measures and pulse contour derived proximal and distal arterial vascular compliance. The study was performed on 23 cases from 17 individual healthy volunteer subjects. Compliance was calculated from a modified Windkessel model of the peripheral vasculature, utilizing parameters from the pulse contour analysis of simultaneously recorded non-invasive and invasive pressure waveforms. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the paired pressure values. Pressure measures varied by less than 20% between methods for the majority of cases (from 52% of diastolic to 91% of systolic cases). Compliance differences were greater, with systematically higher values for non-invasively derived proximal and distal compliance than those obtained from direct brachial cannulation. This study demonstrated that pulse contour derived compliance can be determined from a non-invasive blood pressure waveform monitor. Studies in our laboratory using noninvasive methodology are comparing compliance in healthy subjects and hypertensive and heart failure patients to see if differences in compliance between these groups can be detected, as has been shown previously using invasive","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134356134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684767
R. Patterson, J. S. Lockwood
Two electrode types (gel and garment) in 5 sizes from 20 to 60 cm* were studied on 10 normal male subjects to determine the effect of electrode size and type on the stimulation current (constant current pulses of 300~s at 40 Hz) required to obtain 25% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength of the quadriceps muscle and the pain response. The distal electrode was placed 7.5 cm above the patella and the proximal electrode at two-thirds the length of the femur. The total current required to produce 25% MVC (approximately 55 mA) was not significantly different for the different size or type electrodes but the two smaller electrodes had a significantly higher pain rating. There were large individual variations in both the current and pain rating for the same relative force but near constant values were obtained for each subject over the different size electrodes. The larger electrodes result in less pain, require the same current as smaller electrodes but are not commonly available for muscle stimulation.
{"title":"The Current Reguirements And The Pain Response For Various Sizes Of Surface Stimulation Electrodes","authors":"R. Patterson, J. S. Lockwood","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684767","url":null,"abstract":"Two electrode types (gel and garment) in 5 sizes from 20 to 60 cm* were studied on 10 normal male subjects to determine the effect of electrode size and type on the stimulation current (constant current pulses of 300~s at 40 Hz) required to obtain 25% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength of the quadriceps muscle and the pain response. The distal electrode was placed 7.5 cm above the patella and the proximal electrode at two-thirds the length of the femur. The total current required to produce 25% MVC (approximately 55 mA) was not significantly different for the different size or type electrodes but the two smaller electrodes had a significantly higher pain rating. There were large individual variations in both the current and pain rating for the same relative force but near constant values were obtained for each subject over the different size electrodes. The larger electrodes result in less pain, require the same current as smaller electrodes but are not commonly available for muscle stimulation.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122268160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-02DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684256
J.J. Struijik, J. Holsheimer, H. Boom
In this paper we present the effect of epidural spinal cord stimulation on myelinated dorsal column nerve fibers. An important feature of these fibers is the presence of collaterals perpendicular to the main fibers. In order to investigate the behavior of these fibers in spinal cord stimulation, we first calulated the potential field in the spinal cord, using a realistic volume conductor model. Second, this field was applied to an electrical network model of the fibers. It is concluded that both excitation threshold and blocking threshold of dorsal column nerve fibers are decreased by 30-50%, compared to thresholds of simple straight fibers.
{"title":"Effect Of Collateral Branching On Excitation Threshold Of Dorsal Column Fibers In Spinal Cord Stimulation","authors":"J.J. Struijik, J. Holsheimer, H. Boom","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1991.684256","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the effect of epidural spinal cord stimulation on myelinated dorsal column nerve fibers. An important feature of these fibers is the presence of collaterals perpendicular to the main fibers. In order to investigate the behavior of these fibers in spinal cord stimulation, we first calulated the potential field in the spinal cord, using a realistic volume conductor model. Second, this field was applied to an electrical network model of the fibers. It is concluded that both excitation threshold and blocking threshold of dorsal column nerve fibers are decreased by 30-50%, compared to thresholds of simple straight fibers.","PeriodicalId":297811,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124989463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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