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2008 23rd Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science最新文献

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Weak Topology and a Differentiable Operator for Lipschitz Maps Lipschitz映射的弱拓扑和可微算子
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.49
A. Edalat
We show that the Scott topology induces a topology for real-valued Lipschitz maps on Banach spaces which we call the L-topology. It is the weakest topology with respect to which the L-derivative operator, as a second order functional which maps the space of Lipschitz functions into the function space of non-empty weak* compact and convex valued maps equipped with the Scott topology, is continuous. For finite dimensional Euclidean spaces, where the L-derivative and the Clarke gradient coincide, we provide a simple characterisation of the basic open subsets of the L-topology in terms of ties or primitive maps of functions. We use this to verify that the L-topology is strictly coarser than the well-known Lipschitz norm topology. We then develop a fundamental theorem of calculus of second order in finite dimensions showing that the continuous integral operator from the continuous Scott domain of non-empty convex and compact valued functions to the continuous Scott domain of ties is inverse to the continuous operator induced by the L-derivative.
我们证明了Scott拓扑导出了Banach空间上实值Lipschitz映射的拓扑,我们称之为l拓扑。它是l -导数算子作为二阶泛函将Lipschitz函数空间映射到具有Scott拓扑的非空弱*紧凸值映射的函数空间的连续的最弱拓扑。对于有限维欧几里德空间,当l -导数和Clarke梯度重合时,我们提供了l -拓扑的基本开放子集的简单表征,即函数的联系或原始映射。我们用它来验证l拓扑比众所周知的Lipschitz范数拓扑严格地粗糙。然后,我们发展了有限维二阶微积分的一个基本定理,证明了从非空凸紧值函数的连续Scott域到系的连续Scott域的连续积分算子与由l导数诱导的连续算子是逆的。
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引用次数: 1
A Logic for Algebraic Effects 代数效应的逻辑
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.45
G. Plotkin, Matija Pretnar
We present a logic for algebraic effects, based on the algebraic representation of computational effects by operations and equations. We begin with the a-calculus, a minimal calculus which separates values, effects, and computations and thereby canonises the order of evaluation. This is extended to obtain the logic, which is a classical first-order multi-sorted logic with higher-order value and computation types, as in Levy's call-by-push-value, a principle of induction over computations, a free algebra principle, and predicate fixed points. This logic embraces Moggi's computational lambda-calculus, and also, via definable modalities, Hennessy-Milner logic, and evaluation logic, though Hoare logic presents difficulties.
基于运算和方程对计算效应的代数表示,提出了代数效应的逻辑。我们从a演算开始,这是一种极小的演算,它将值、效果和计算分离开来,从而使求值的顺序规范化。推广得到该逻辑,该逻辑是具有高阶值和计算类型的经典一阶多排序逻辑,如Levy的按推值调用、计算上的归纳原理、自由代数原理和谓词不动点。这种逻辑包含了Moggi的计算lambda-calculus,同时,通过可定义的模态,Hennessy-Milner逻辑和评估逻辑,尽管Hoare逻辑提出了困难。
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引用次数: 47
Typed Normal Form Bisimulation for Parametric Polymorphism 参数多态的类型化范式双仿真
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.26
Søren B. Lassen, P. Levy
This paper presents a new bisimulation theory for parametric polymorphism which enables straight forward co-inductive proofs of program equivalences involving existential types. The theory is an instance of typed normal form bisimulation and demonstrates the power of this recent framework for modeling typed lambda calculi as labelled transition systems.We develop our theory for a continuation-passing style calculus, Jump-With-Argument, where normal form bisimulation takes a simple form. We equip the calculus with both existential and recursive types. An "ultimate pattern matching theorem" enables us to define bisimilarity and we show it to be a congruence. We apply our theory to proving program equivalences, type isomorphisms and genericity.
本文提出了一种新的参数多态双模拟理论,它可以直接对存在类型的程序等价进行共归纳证明。该理论是类型化范式双模拟的一个实例,并展示了将类型化lambda演算建模为标记转换系统的最新框架的强大功能。我们发展了一个连续传递式演算的理论,带参数跳跃,其中范式双模拟采用简单形式。我们用存在和递归两种类型来装备微积分。一个“终极模式匹配定理”使我们能够定义双相似性,并证明它是一个同余。我们将该理论应用于证明程序等价、类型同构和泛型。
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引用次数: 37
Piecewise Testable Tree Languages 分段可测试树语言
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.2168/LMCS-8(3:26)2012
M. Bojanczyk, L. Segoufin, Howard Straubing
This paper presents a decidable characterization of tree languages that can be defined by a boolean combination of Sigma1 formulas. This is a tree extension of the Simon theorem, which says that a string language can be defined by a boolean combination of Sigma1 formulas if and only if its syntactic monoid is J-trivial.
本文给出了可由Sigma1公式的布尔组合定义的树语言的一个可决定的特征。这是西蒙定理的树形扩展,该定理表明,字符串语言可以由Sigma1公式的布尔组合来定义,当且仅当其语法单群是j平凡的。
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引用次数: 56
Hiding Local State in Direct Style: A Higher-Order Anti-Frame Rule 直接样式中隐藏局部状态:一种高阶反框架规则
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.16
F. Pottier
Separation logic involves two dual forms of modularity: local reasoning makes part of the store invisible within a static scope, whereas hiding local state makes part of the store invisible outside a static scope. In the recent literature, both idioms are explained in terms of a higher-order frame rule. I point out that this approach to hiding local state imposes continuation-passing style, which is impractical. Instead, I introduce a higher-order anti-frame rule, which permits hiding local state in direct style. I formalize this rule in the setting of a type system, equipped with linear capabilities, for an ML-like programming language, and prove type soundness via a syntactic argument. Several applications illustrate the expressive power of the new rule.
分离逻辑涉及两种双重形式的模块化:局部推理使部分存储在静态范围内不可见,而隐藏局部状态使部分存储在静态范围外不可见。在最近的文献中,这两个习语都是用高阶框架规则来解释的。我指出,这种隐藏局部状态的方法强加了延续传递风格,这是不切实际的。相反,我引入了一个高阶反框架规则,它允许以直接方式隐藏局部状态。我在一个类型系统的设置中形式化了这一规则,它配备了类似ml的编程语言的线性功能,并通过语法参数证明了类型的可靠性。几个应用程序说明了新规则的表现力。
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引用次数: 46
Definable Tree Decompositions 可定义的树分解
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.10
Martin Grohe
We introduce a notion of definable tree decompositions of graphs. Actually, a definable tree decomposition of a graph is not just a tree decomposition, but a more complicated structure that represents many different tree decompositions of the graph. It is definable in the graph by a tuple of formulas of some logic. In this paper, only study tree decomposition definable in fixed-point logic. We say that a definable tree decomposition is over a class of graphs if the pieces of the decomposition are in this class. We prove two general theorems lifting definability results from the pieces of a tree decomposition of a graph to the whole graph. Besides unifying earlier work on fixed-point definability and descriptive complexity theory on planar graphs and graphs of bounded tree width, these general results can be used to prove that the class of all graphs without a K5-minor is definable infixed-point logic and that fixed-point logic with counting captures polynomial time on this class.
我们引入了图的可定义树分解的概念。实际上,图的可定义树分解不仅仅是树分解,而是一个更复杂的结构,它代表了图的许多不同的树分解。它在图中可由某种逻辑的公式元组来定义。本文只研究在不动点逻辑中可定义的树分解。我们说一个可定义的树分解是在一类图上,如果分解的碎片在这个类中。我们证明了两个将图的树分解的可定义性结果提升到整个图的一般定理。这些结果统一了前人关于平面图和有界树宽图的不动点可定义性和描述复杂性理论的研究成果,并证明了所有不带k5次元的图在不动点逻辑中是可定义的,并且证明了带计数的不动点逻辑在这类图上占有多项式时间。
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引用次数: 19
The Quest for a Logic Capturing PTIME 对逻辑捕获PTIME的追求
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.11
Martin Grohe
The question of whether there is a logic that captures polynomial time is the central open problem in descriptive complexity theory. In my talk, I will review the question and the early, mostly negative results that were obtained until the mid 1990s, and then move on to positive results about capturing polynomial time on specific classes of graphs. This will include recent results on definability in fixed-point logic and graph structure theory. Finally, I will dicuss stronger logics and propose directions for further research.The purpose of this accompanying note is to give the basic definitions in detail, state the main results, mention some open problems, and give a list of references.
是否存在捕获多项式时间的逻辑的问题是描述性复杂性理论的中心开放问题。在我的演讲中,我将回顾这个问题和早期的,大部分是负面的结果,直到20世纪90年代中期,然后继续讨论关于在特定类别的图上捕获多项式时间的积极结果。这将包括关于不动点逻辑和图结构理论的可定义性的最新结果。最后,我将讨论更强的逻辑,并提出进一步研究的方向。此附注的目的是详细给出基本定义,说明主要结果,提到一些未解决的问题,并给出参考文献列表。
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引用次数: 51
Collapsible Pushdown Automata and Recursion Schemes 可折叠下推自动机和递归方案
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1145/3091122
M. Hague, A. Murawski, C. Ong, O. Serre
Collapsible pushdown automata (CPDA) are a new kind of higher-order pushdown automata in which every symbol in the stack has a link to a stack situated somewhere below it. In addition to the higher-order push and pop operations, CPDA have an important operation called collapse, whose effect is to "collapse" a stack s to the prefix as indicated by the link from the topmost symbol of s. Our first result is that CPDA are equi-expressive with recursion schemes as generators of (possibly infinite) ranked trees. In one direction, we give a simple algorithm that transforms an order-n CPDA to an order-n recursion scheme that generates the same tree, uniformly for all n Gt= 0. In the other direction, using ideas from game semantics, we give an effective transformation of order-n recursion schemes (not assumed to be homogeneously typed, and hence not necessarily safe) to order-n CPDA that compute traversals over an abstract syntax graph of the scheme, and hence paths in the tree generated by the scheme. Our equi-expressivity result is the first automata-theoretic characterization of higher-order recursion schemes. Thus CPDA are also a characterization of the simply-typed lambda calculus with recursion (generated from uninterpreted 1st-order symbols) and of (pure) innocent strategies. An important consequence of the equi-expressivity result is that it allows us to reduce decision problems on trees generated by recursion schemes to equivalent problems on CPDA and vice versa. Thus we show, as a consequence of a recent result by Ong (modal mu-calculus model-checking of trees generated by recursion schemes is n-EXPTIME complete), that the problem of solving parity games over the configuration graphs of order-n CPDA is n-EXPTIME complete, subsuming several well-known results about the solvability of games over higher-order pushdown graphs by (respectively) Walukiewicz, Cachat, and Knapik et al. Another contribution of our work is a self-contained proof of the same solvability result by generalizing standard techniques in the field. By appealing to our equi-expressivity result, we obtain a new proof of Ong's result. In contrast to higher-order pushdown graphs, we show that the monadic second-order theories of the configuration graphs of CPDA are undecidable. It follows that -- as generators of graphs -- CPDA are strictly more expressive than higher-order pushdown automata.
可折叠下推自动机(CPDA)是一种新的高阶下推自动机,其中堆栈中的每个符号都有一个链接到位于其下方的堆栈。除了高阶push和pop操作之外,CPDA还有一个重要的操作叫做collapse,其效果是将堆栈s“折叠”到前缀,正如从s的最顶层符号的链接所指示的那样。我们的第一个结果是CPDA与递归方案是等价的,作为(可能无限的)排序树的生成器。在一个方向上,我们给出了一个简单的算法,将一个o -n CPDA转换为一个o -n递归方案,该方案对所有n Gt= 0一致地生成相同的树。在另一个方向上,使用游戏语义的想法,我们给出了一个有效的转换,将n阶递归方案(不假设是同质类型的,因此不一定安全)转换为n阶CPDA,计算该方案的抽象语法图上的遍历,从而计算由该方案生成的树中的路径。我们的等表达性结果是高阶递归格式的第一个自动机理论表征。因此,CPDA也是递归(由未解释的一阶符号生成)和(纯)无害策略的简单类型lambda演算的表征。等表达性结果的一个重要结果是,它允许我们将递归方案生成的树上的决策问题简化为CPDA上的等效问题,反之亦然。因此,我们表明,作为Ong最近的结果(由递归方案生成的树的模态mu演算模型检查是n-EXPTIME完备的),在n阶CPDA的配置图上解决奇偶对策的问题是n-EXPTIME完备的,包含了Walukiewicz, Cachat和Knapik等人关于高阶下推图上对策的可解性的几个著名结果。我们工作的另一个贡献是通过推广该领域的标准技术,对相同的可解性结果进行了自包含证明。利用我们的等表达性结果,我们得到了Ong结果的一个新的证明。与高阶下推图相比,我们证明了CPDA组态图的一元二阶理论是不可确定的。因此,作为图的生成器,CPDA严格地比高阶下推自动机更具表现力。
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引用次数: 164
A Neutral Approach to Proof and Refutation in MALL MALL中证明与反驳的中立方法
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.35
Olivier Delande, D. Miller
We propose a setting in which the search for a proof of B or a refutation of B (a proof of not B) can be carried out simultaneously. In contrast with the usual approach in automated deduction, we do not need to first commit to either proving B or to proving not B: instead we devise a neutral setting for attempting both a proof and a refutation. This setting is described as a two player game in which each player follows the same rules. A winning strategy translates to a proof of the formula and a winning counter-strategy translates to a refutation of the formula. The game is described for multiplicative and additive linear logic without atomic formulas. A game theoretic treatment of the multiplicative connectives is intricate and our approach to it involves two important ingredients. First, labeled graph structures are used to represent positions in a game and, second, the game playing must deal with the failure of a given player and with an appropriate resumption of play. This latter ingredient accounts for the fact that neither players might win (that is, neither B nor not B might be provable).
我们提出了一种设置,在这种设置中,寻找B的证明或对B的反驳(非B的证明)可以同时进行。与通常的自动演绎方法相反,我们不需要首先承诺证明B或不证明B:相反,我们设计了一个中立的设置来尝试证明和反驳。这种设置被描述为两名玩家的游戏,每个玩家都遵循相同的规则。一个成功的策略转化为公式的证明,一个成功的反策略转化为公式的反驳。游戏描述了乘法和加性线性逻辑没有原子公式。乘法连接词的博弈论处理是复杂的,我们的方法涉及两个重要的成分。首先,标记图形结构用于表示游戏中的位置,其次,游戏必须处理给定玩家的失败并适当地恢复游戏。后一个因素解释了两个玩家都不可能获胜的事实(也就是说,B和非B都不可能被证明)。
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引用次数: 20
Parameterization as Abstraction: A Tractable Approach to the Dataflow Analysis of Concurrent Programs 作为抽象的参数化:并发程序数据流分析的一种可处理方法
Pub Date : 2008-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/LICS.2008.37
Vineet Kahlon
Dataflow analysis for concurrent programs is a problem of critical importance but, unfortunately, also an undecidable one. A key obstacle is to determine precisely how dataflow facts at a location in a given thread could be affected by operations of other threads.This problem, in turn, boils down to pairwise reachability, i.e., given program locations c1 and c2 in two threads T1 and T2, respectively, determining whether c1 and c2 are simultaneously reachable in the presence of constraints imposed by synchronization primitives. Unfortunately, pairwise reachability is undecidable for most synchronization primitives. However, we leverage the surprising result that the closely related problem of parameterized pairwise reachability of c1 and c2, i.e., whether for some n1 and n2, c1 and c2 are simultaneously reachable in the program T1 n1||T2 n2 comprised of n1 copies of T1 and n2 copies of T2,is not only decidable for many primitives, but efficiently so. Although parameterization makes pairwise reachability tractable it may over-approximate the set of pairwise reachable locations and can, therefore, be looked upon as an abstraction technique.Where as abstract interpretation is used for control and data abstractions, we propose the use of parameterization as an abstraction for concurrency. Leveraging abstract interpretation in conjunction with parameterization allows us to lift two desirable properties of sequential dataflow analysis to the concurrent domain, i.e., precision and scalability.
并发程序的数据流分析是一个至关重要的问题,但不幸的是,也是一个无法确定的问题。一个关键的障碍是精确地确定给定线程中某个位置的数据流事实如何受到其他线程的操作的影响。这个问题,反过来,归结为两两可达性,即,给定程序位置c1和c2分别在两个线程T1和T2中,确定c1和c2是否在同步原语施加的约束下同时可达。不幸的是,对于大多数同步原语来说,两两可达性是不可确定的。然而,我们利用了一个令人惊讶的结果,即与c1和c2的参数化两两可达性密切相关的问题,即对于某些n1和n2, c1和c2是否在由n1个T1副本和n2个T2副本组成的程序T1 n1||T2 n2中同时可达,这不仅对许多原语是可决定的,而且是有效的。尽管参数化使两两可达性易于处理,但它可能会过度逼近两两可达位置的集合,因此可以将其视为一种抽象技术。当抽象解释用于控制和数据抽象时,我们建议使用参数化作为并发的抽象。将抽象解释与参数化结合起来,使我们能够将顺序数据流分析的两个理想属性提升到并发领域,即精度和可伸缩性。
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引用次数: 15
期刊
2008 23rd Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
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