Weed control being a very important operation in the production of cocoyam is costly, therefore, there is a need to evaluate the most economically viable method of weed control for the purpose of minimizing production cost to maximize profit. The experiment was conducted in 2018 at the Ido farm settlement in Ibadan, Oyo State. The experiment involved five pre-emergence herbicides (Diuron 3.2 kg a.i/ha, Indaziflam + Ixoxaflutole 300 g a.i/ha, Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone 0.32 kg a.i/ha, Sulfentrazone 600 g a.i/ha, S-Metolachlor + Atrazine 2.64 kg a.i/ha), weed free and weed check (control) laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Data were collected on corm and cormel yield parameters, inputs, and costs including revenue associated with herbicide and manual weeding treatments used in benefit: cost ratio analysis. Results showed that Diuron (6.7 t/ha) and Sulfentrazone (9.4 t/ha) gave better cormel and corm yield respectively than the other treatments. The highest benefit-cost ratio was achieved from Diuron-treated plots (4.97). Sulfentrazone and Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone treated plots also had a benefit-cost ratio of 2.86 and 2.76 respectively. Indaziflam + Ixoxaflutole and Metolachlor + Atrazine had a similar benefit-cost ratio of 2.71. A low benefit-cost ratio (1.99 ) was produced in weed-free plots while a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 was observed in weedy check plots (0.76). Therefore, the highest net benefit with a high benefit-cost ratio can be achieved by using Diuron, Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone as pre-emergence herbicides in cocoyam production.
{"title":"COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.) PRODUCTION","authors":"A. D. Adewumi, O. Olaniyi, O. O. Adebayo","doi":"10.52417/ojas.v5i1.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ojas.v5i1.538","url":null,"abstract":"Weed control being a very important operation in the production of cocoyam is costly, therefore, there is a need to evaluate the most economically viable method of weed control for the purpose of minimizing production cost to maximize profit. The experiment was conducted in 2018 at the Ido farm settlement in Ibadan, Oyo State. The experiment involved five pre-emergence herbicides (Diuron 3.2 kg a.i/ha, Indaziflam + Ixoxaflutole 300 g a.i/ha, Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone 0.32 kg a.i/ha, Sulfentrazone 600 g a.i/ha, S-Metolachlor + Atrazine 2.64 kg a.i/ha), weed free and weed check (control) laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Data were collected on corm and cormel yield parameters, inputs, and costs including revenue associated with herbicide and manual weeding treatments used in benefit: cost ratio analysis. Results showed that Diuron (6.7 t/ha) and Sulfentrazone (9.4 t/ha) gave better cormel and corm yield respectively than the other treatments. The highest benefit-cost ratio was achieved from Diuron-treated plots (4.97). Sulfentrazone and Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone treated plots also had a benefit-cost ratio of 2.86 and 2.76 respectively. Indaziflam + Ixoxaflutole and Metolachlor + Atrazine had a similar benefit-cost ratio of 2.71. A low benefit-cost ratio (1.99 ) was produced in weed-free plots while a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 was observed in weedy check plots (0.76). Therefore, the highest net benefit with a high benefit-cost ratio can be achieved by using Diuron, Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone as pre-emergence herbicides in cocoyam production.","PeriodicalId":298403,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2734-214X)","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Oladeinde, A. Anifowoshe, S. Atanda, A. Agboola, N. J. Akinniyi, T. O. Fapohunda, O. Johnson
Fish is a very perishable commodity that deteriorates after harvest without proper handling, transportation, and storage. Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute Ice Fish BoxTM has been improved to have a greater capacity for more storage of fish as well as the development of a trolley to ease movement and a change in position of the drain spot increasing the performance of the drainage system. Thirty (30) kilograms of freshly harvested Clarias gariepinus and thirty (30) kilograms of ice were layered alternately at a ratio 1:1 in the modified box for pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine (TMA), total viable count (TVC) and freshness evaluation using Quality Index (QI) at a sampling period of 24 hours and sensory evaluation of processed fish using Likert scale. C. gariepinus, stored for a maximum of 48 hours with pH between 6.70 and 7.17, TVBN, 5.52 - 8.25 mg/100 g, TMA, 0.84- 2.33 mg/100g, TVC, 1.0x102 - 3.8x103 cfu/g, QI, 7 and sensory evaluations were above 4. The quality indices were within acceptable limits. It is anticipated that this would lower the amount of loss that occurs after harvest thus boosting revenues in the fish value chain and improving food and nutritional security
{"title":"STUDY OF QUALITY CHANGES IN Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL 1822) STORED IN MODIFIED ICE FISH BOXTM","authors":"M. Oladeinde, A. Anifowoshe, S. Atanda, A. Agboola, N. J. Akinniyi, T. O. Fapohunda, O. Johnson","doi":"10.52417/ojas.v3i2.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ojas.v3i2.441","url":null,"abstract":"Fish is a very perishable commodity that deteriorates after harvest without proper handling, transportation, and storage. Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute Ice Fish BoxTM has been improved to have a greater capacity for more storage of fish as well as the development of a trolley to ease movement and a change in position of the drain spot increasing the performance of the drainage system. Thirty (30) kilograms of freshly harvested Clarias gariepinus and thirty (30) kilograms of ice were layered alternately at a ratio 1:1 in the modified box for pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine (TMA), total viable count (TVC) and freshness evaluation using Quality Index (QI) at a sampling period of 24 hours and sensory evaluation of processed fish using Likert scale. C. gariepinus, stored for a maximum of 48 hours with pH between 6.70 and 7.17, TVBN, 5.52 - 8.25 mg/100 g, TMA, 0.84- 2.33 mg/100g, TVC, 1.0x102 - 3.8x103 cfu/g, QI, 7 and sensory evaluations were above 4. The quality indices were within acceptable limits. It is anticipated that this would lower the amount of loss that occurs after harvest thus boosting revenues in the fish value chain and improving food and nutritional security","PeriodicalId":298403,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2734-214X)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130808044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even with the recompense in duck production, duck is yet to rise to a significant level in contributing to meat and egg production as chicken. This study was designed to find out the occupational deftness required by graduates of agriculture in duck (Muscovy) production for income generation in Abia State. Four Objectives guided the study, and four null hypotheses were also formulated and tested. A survey research design was adopted for the study and a structured questionnaire was developed and face validated by three validates all from Michael Okpara University of Agriculture and used for data collection. The questionnaire was tested for reliability and a reliability Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.82 was obtained for the instrument. The population of the study was 220 comprising 119 poultry farmers and 101 extension agents in Abia State. The whole of the population was studied. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while t-test statistic was used for testing the null hypotheses at the probability of 0.05level of significance. The findings from the study revealed that the identified 45 items of occupational deftness’ were seen as required in duck production. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that the Abia state ministry of agriculture should make use of the findings of this study to organize capacity building programmes in the State to teach and enlighten farmers and graduates of agriculture on the 45 identified deftness which will ensure their increased efficiency in duck production.
{"title":"OCCUPATIONAL DEFTNESS REQUIRED BY AGRICULTURAL GRADUATES IN DUCK PRODUCTION FOR INCOME GENERATION IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"J. Enoch, O. Enoch, E. C. Mbanugo","doi":"10.52417/ojas.v3i1.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ojas.v3i1.353","url":null,"abstract":"Even with the recompense in duck production, duck is yet to rise to a significant level in contributing to meat and egg production as chicken. This study was designed to find out the occupational deftness required by graduates of agriculture in duck (Muscovy) production for income generation in Abia State. Four Objectives guided the study, and four null hypotheses were also formulated and tested. A survey research design was adopted for the study and a structured questionnaire was developed and face validated by three validates all from Michael Okpara University of Agriculture and used for data collection. The questionnaire was tested for reliability and a reliability Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.82 was obtained for the instrument. The population of the study was 220 comprising 119 poultry farmers and 101 extension agents in Abia State. The whole of the population was studied. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while t-test statistic was used for testing the null hypotheses at the probability of 0.05level of significance. The findings from the study revealed that the identified 45 items of occupational deftness’ were seen as required in duck production. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that the Abia state ministry of agriculture should make use of the findings of this study to organize capacity building programmes in the State to teach and enlighten farmers and graduates of agriculture on the 45 identified deftness which will ensure their increased efficiency in duck production.","PeriodicalId":298403,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2734-214X)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123949299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, to investigate the profitability of catfish production. Specifically, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of catfish farmers; estimated cost and returns of catfish production and identified constraints to catfish production in the study area. Data were collected from 120 respondents who were purposively chosen in the three Local Government Areas that made up Enugu Metropolis, using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Gross margin model and a 3-point Likert type rating scale. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents were males with a majority (95.0%) below the age of 45 years. The study revealed that from every 1000 fingerlings that were stocked, 980 catfishes were harvested with an average weight of 1.5kg in a period of 6 months. The catfish farmers expended an average total cost of N575,168 and made an average total revenue of N1,176,000. This indicates a survival rate of 98% of catfishes that was reared in the area. The gross margin analysis revealed a gross margin of N652,700.00 with a net farm income of N600,832.00 for every 1000 catfishes that were raised to maturity at1kg. For every 1N invested in the business, there was a return of N1.25 (RCI). The study concludes that catfish production in the study area was dominated by males in their active age who were well educated. Catfish production was very profitable in the study area. The constraints facing the farmers were the high cost of feeds, insufficient capital and poor extension services. These farmers could handle large scale production if capital is made available to them which will also allow them to make more profits and become employers of labour. The study recommends that educated unemployed youths in the area should be encouraged to go into catfish farming since the business is very profitable. Soft loans should be made available by credit agencies for the catfish farmers in the area to enable them to increase their scale of operation and the farmers should form and manage functional cooperative societies to enable them to achieve economies of scale.
这项研究是在埃努古州埃努古大都会进行的，目的是调查鲶鱼生产的盈利能力。具体来说，该研究描述了鲶鱼养殖者的社会经济特征;估计鲶鱼生产的成本和收益，并确定研究区域鲶鱼生产的制约因素。数据收集自120名受访者，这些受访者是在组成埃努古大都会的三个地方政府区有意选择的，采用问卷调查的方式。数据分析使用描述性统计，毛利率模型和3点李克特式评定量表。研究显示，61.7%的受访者为男性，其中大多数(95.0%)的年龄在45岁以下。研究显示，在6个月的时间里，每1000个鱼种中就有980条鲶鱼被收获，平均体重为1.5公斤。鲶鱼养殖者的平均总成本为575,168奈拉，平均总收入为1,176,000奈拉。这表明在该地区饲养的鲶鱼存活率为98%。毛利率分析显示，毛利率为652,700.00奈拉，每1000条鲶鱼养殖至1公斤，净收入为600,832.00奈拉。每投资1N，回报为1.25 n (RCI)。该研究的结论是，研究区域的鲶鱼生产以受过良好教育的活跃年龄男性为主。研究区鲶鱼生产利润丰厚。农民面临的制约因素是饲料成本高、资金不足和推广服务差。如果向这些农民提供资金，他们就可以进行大规模生产，这也将使他们获得更多利润，并成为劳动力的雇主。该研究建议，应该鼓励该地区受过教育的失业青年从事鲶鱼养殖，因为这一行业利润丰厚。信贷机构应向该地区鲶鱼养殖户提供软贷款，使他们能够扩大经营规模，养殖户应组建和管理功能性合作社，使他们能够实现规模经济。
{"title":"PROFITABILITY OF CATFISH PRODUCTION IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"I. Umaru, T. Okoh, R. C. Ishiwu","doi":"10.52417/ojas.v2i2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52417/ojas.v2i2.229","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, to investigate the profitability of catfish production. Specifically, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of catfish farmers; estimated cost and returns of catfish production and identified constraints to catfish production in the study area. Data were collected from 120 respondents who were purposively chosen in the three Local Government Areas that made up Enugu Metropolis, using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Gross margin model and a 3-point Likert type rating scale. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents were males with a majority (95.0%) below the age of 45 years. The study revealed that from every 1000 fingerlings that were stocked, 980 catfishes were harvested with an average weight of 1.5kg in a period of 6 months. The catfish farmers expended an average total cost of N575,168 and made an average total revenue of N1,176,000. This indicates a survival rate of 98% of catfishes that was reared in the area. The gross margin analysis revealed a gross margin of N652,700.00 with a net farm income of N600,832.00 for every 1000 catfishes that were raised to maturity at1kg. For every 1N invested in the business, there was a return of N1.25 (RCI). The study concludes that catfish production in the study area was dominated by males in their active age who were well educated. Catfish production was very profitable in the study area. The constraints facing the farmers were the high cost of feeds, insufficient capital and poor extension services. These farmers could handle large scale production if capital is made available to them which will also allow them to make more profits and become employers of labour. The study recommends that educated unemployed youths in the area should be encouraged to go into catfish farming since the business is very profitable. Soft loans should be made available by credit agencies for the catfish farmers in the area to enable them to increase their scale of operation and the farmers should form and manage functional cooperative societies to enable them to achieve economies of scale.","PeriodicalId":298403,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2734-214X)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133187186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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