Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. They present a complex and unknown etiology, which in most cases includes significant peripheral alterations outside the brain such as in the composition of gut microbiota. Because the gut microbiota is involved in modulating the gut-brain axis, several studies have suggested that the microbiome in the gut can modify metabolites which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and modulate brain function.

Methods: We reviewed the current evidence regarding microbiota alterations in patients with ASD and the effects of the administration of probiotics and prebiotics in these patients, both in terms of gastrointestinal and behavioural symptoms.

Results: Administration of a probiotic formulation containing different strains of Lactobacillus (L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and others) and Bifidobacteria had beneficial effects upon these aforementioned symptoms and their use is recommended in a subgroup of ASD patients that present gastrointestinal disturbances. Nonetheless, the types of gastrointestinal disturbances that most benefit from such interventions remain to be elucidated in order to personalize the medical approaches.

Conclusion: Recent clinical studies have shown that probiotic treatments can regulate the gut microbiota and may result in improvements in some behavioral abnormalities associated with ASD. Trials using prebiotic fibers or synbiotics preparations are still lacking and necessary in order to deep in such therapeutic strategies in ASD with comorbid gastrointestinal disrturbances.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorialpolicies-main.php.

Bentham science disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneouslysubmitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewheremust be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submittingthe article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against theauthors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyrightof their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

Background: Successful integration of in vitro into in vivo data on Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) is dependent on the inhibitory concentration used. Obtaining plasma concentration of a drug is only readily available for a small number of drugs in clinical practice. We propose the use of a therapeutic range as a substitute for inhibitory concentration.

Objective: Because of this, we aimed to construct a linear-regression model based on the areaunder- curve of the victim drugs and the therapeutic range for a set of known inhibitors of the CYP2D6 of interest.

Methods: Correlation analysis of linear log-log regression of two main variables: The Area-Under- Curve ratio (AUCr) of the victim drugs and the therapeutic range-to-inhibition constant ratio, with data obtained from literature.

Results: Data were fitted to linear log-log regression, between the average of AUCr values and mean value of therapeutic range-to-inhibition constant ratio (TR_m-to-K_i), of the inhibitory drugs.

Conclusion: According to our results, knowledge of the inhibition constant and therapeutic range (or its plasma levels if disponible) of the inhibitor would be sufficient to determine the intensity and clinical relevance of a CYP2D6-mediated DDI.