Bjarne Johansson, Bahman Pourvatan, Zahra Moezkarimi, Alessandro Papadopoulos, Marjan Sirjani
A potential problem that may arise in the domain of distributed control systems is the existence of more than one primary controller in redundancy plans that may lead to inconsistency. An algorithm called NRP FD is proposed to solve this issue by prioritizing consistency over availability. In this paper, we demonstrate how by using modeling and formal verification, we discovered an issue in NRP FD where we may have two primary controllers at the same time. We then provide a solution to mitigate the identified issue, thereby enhancing the robustness and reliability of such systems.
{"title":"Formal Verification of Consistency for Systems with Redundant Controllers","authors":"Bjarne Johansson, Bahman Pourvatan, Zahra Moezkarimi, Alessandro Papadopoulos, Marjan Sirjani","doi":"10.4204/EPTCS.399.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.399.8","url":null,"abstract":"A potential problem that may arise in the domain of distributed control systems is the existence of more than one primary controller in redundancy plans that may lead to inconsistency. An algorithm called NRP FD is proposed to solve this issue by prioritizing consistency over availability. In this paper, we demonstrate how by using modeling and formal verification, we discovered an issue in NRP FD where we may have two primary controllers at the same time. We then provide a solution to mitigate the identified issue, thereby enhancing the robustness and reliability of such systems.","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"28 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin H. J. Jilissen, Peter Dieleman, J. F. Groote
Rijkswaterstaat, the National Dutch body responsible for infrastructure, recognised the importance of formal modelling and set up a program to model the control of road tunnels. This is done to improve the standardisation of tunnel control and make communication with suppliers smoother. A subset of SysML is used to formulate the models, which are substantial. In an earlier paper we have shown that these models can be used to prove behavioural properties by manually translating the models to mCRL2. In this paper we report on an automatic translation to mCRL2. As the results of the translation became unwieldy, we also investigated modelling tunnel control in the specification language Dezyne which has built-in verification capabilities and compared the results.
{"title":"Formally Modelling the Rijkswaterstaat Tunnel Control Systems in a Constrained Industrial Environment","authors":"Kevin H. J. Jilissen, Peter Dieleman, J. F. Groote","doi":"10.4204/EPTCS.399.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.399.6","url":null,"abstract":"Rijkswaterstaat, the National Dutch body responsible for infrastructure, recognised the importance of formal modelling and set up a program to model the control of road tunnels. This is done to improve the standardisation of tunnel control and make communication with suppliers smoother. A subset of SysML is used to formulate the models, which are substantial. In an earlier paper we have shown that these models can be used to prove behavioural properties by manually translating the models to mCRL2. In this paper we report on an automatic translation to mCRL2. As the results of the translation became unwieldy, we also investigated modelling tunnel control in the specification language Dezyne which has built-in verification capabilities and compared the results.","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"100 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Debugging Embedded Systems Requirements with STIMULUS","authors":"Bertrand Jeannet","doi":"10.4204/eptcs.399.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.399.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"19 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We revisit the IEEE 1394 high-performance serial bus ("FireWire"), which became a success story in formal methods after three PhD students, by using process algebra and model checking, detected a deadlock error in this IEEE standard. We present four formal models for the asynchronous mode of the Link Layer of IEEE 1394: the original model in muCRL, a simplified model in mCRL2, a revised model in LOTOS, and a novel model in LNT.
{"title":"Four Formal Models of IEEE 1394 Link Layer","authors":"H. Garavel, B. Luttik","doi":"10.4204/EPTCS.399.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.399.5","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit the IEEE 1394 high-performance serial bus (\"FireWire\"), which became a success story in formal methods after three PhD students, by using process algebra and model checking, detected a deadlock error in this IEEE standard. We present four formal models for the asynchronous mode of the Link Layer of IEEE 1394: the original model in muCRL, a simplified model in mCRL2, a revised model in LOTOS, and a novel model in LNT.","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The consensus problem is a fundamental problem in distributed systems. It involves a set of actors, or entities, that need to agree on some values or decisions. The Raft algorithm is a solution to the consensus problem that has gained widespread popularity as an easy-to-understand and implement alternative to Lamport's Paxos algorithm. In this paper we discuss a formalisation of the Raft algorithm and its associated correctness properties in the mCRL2 specification language.
{"title":"Modelling the Raft Distributed Consensus Protocol in mCRL2","authors":"Parth Bora, Pham Duc Minh, T. Willemse","doi":"10.4204/EPTCS.399.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.399.4","url":null,"abstract":"The consensus problem is a fundamental problem in distributed systems. It involves a set of actors, or entities, that need to agree on some values or decisions. The Raft algorithm is a solution to the consensus problem that has gained widespread popularity as an easy-to-understand and implement alternative to Lamport's Paxos algorithm. In this paper we discuss a formalisation of the Raft algorithm and its associated correctness properties in the mCRL2 specification language.","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This volume contains the proceedings of MARS 2024, the sixth workshop on Models for Formal Analysis of Real Systems, held as part of ETAPS 2024, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. The MARS workshops bring together researchers from different communities who are developing formal models of real systems in areas where complex models occur, such as networks, cyber-physical systems, hardware/software co-design, biology, etc. The motivation and aim for MARS stem from the following two observations: (1) Large case studies are essential to show that specification formalisms and modelling techniques are applicable to real systems, whereas many research papers only consider toy examples or tiny case studies. (2) Developing an accurate model of a real system takes a large amount of time, often months or years. In most scientific papers, however, salient details of the model need to be skipped due to lack of space, and to leave room for formal verification methodologies and results. The MARS workshops aim at remedying these issues, emphasising modelling over verification, so as to retain lessons learnt from formal modelling, which are not usually discussed elsewhere.
本卷收录了第六届真实系统形式化分析模型研讨会 MARS 2024 的论文集，该研讨会是欧洲软件理论与实践联席会议 ETAPS 2024 的一部分。MARS 研讨会汇集了来自不同领域的研究人员，他们在网络、网络物理系统、硬件/软件协同设计、生物学等出现复杂模型的领域开发真实系统的形式化模型。建立 MARS 的动机和目标源于以下两点：(1) 大型案例研究对于证明规范形式主义和建模技术适用于真实系统至关重要，而许多研究论文只考虑玩具实例或微小的案例研究。(2) 建立一个真实系统的精确模型需要大量时间，通常需要数月或数年。然而，在大多数科学论文中，由于篇幅有限，模型的突出细节需要略去，以便为正式验证方法和结果留出空间。MARS 研讨会旨在弥补这些问题，强调建模而非验证，从而保留从形式建模中汲取的经验教训，这些经验教训通常不会在其他地方讨论。
{"title":"Proceedings Sixth Workshop on Models for Formal Analysis of Real Systems","authors":"Fr'ed'eric Lang, Matthias Volk","doi":"10.4204/EPTCS.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.399","url":null,"abstract":"This volume contains the proceedings of MARS 2024, the sixth workshop on Models for Formal Analysis of Real Systems, held as part of ETAPS 2024, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. The MARS workshops bring together researchers from different communities who are developing formal models of real systems in areas where complex models occur, such as networks, cyber-physical systems, hardware/software co-design, biology, etc. The motivation and aim for MARS stem from the following two observations: (1) Large case studies are essential to show that specification formalisms and modelling techniques are applicable to real systems, whereas many research papers only consider toy examples or tiny case studies. (2) Developing an accurate model of a real system takes a large amount of time, often months or years. In most scientific papers, however, salient details of the model need to be skipped due to lack of space, and to leave room for formal verification methodologies and results. The MARS workshops aim at remedying these issues, emphasising modelling over verification, so as to retain lessons learnt from formal modelling, which are not usually discussed elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"117 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present simple models of trajectories in space, both in 2D and in 3D. The first examples, which model bicircular moves in the same direction, are classical curves (epicycloids, etc.). Then, we explore bicircular moves in reverse direction and tricircular moves in 2D and 3D, to explore complex visualisations of extraplanetary movements. These moves are studied in a plane setting. Then, adding increasing complexity, we explore them in a non planar setting (which is a closer model of the real situation). The exploration is followed by using these approaches for creating mathematical art in 2D and 3D printed objects, providing new ways of mathematical representations. Students' activities are organized around this exploration.
{"title":"3D Space Trajectories and beyond: Abstract Art Creation with 3D Printing","authors":"T. Dana-Picard, Matias Tejera, Eva Ulbrich","doi":"10.4204/EPTCS.398.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.398.17","url":null,"abstract":"We present simple models of trajectories in space, both in 2D and in 3D. The first examples, which model bicircular moves in the same direction, are classical curves (epicycloids, etc.). Then, we explore bicircular moves in reverse direction and tricircular moves in 2D and 3D, to explore complex visualisations of extraplanetary movements. These moves are studied in a plane setting. Then, adding increasing complexity, we explore them in a non planar setting (which is a closer model of the real situation). The exploration is followed by using these approaches for creating mathematical art in 2D and 3D printed objects, providing new ways of mathematical representations. Students' activities are organized around this exploration.","PeriodicalId":30085,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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