Pub Date : 2013-07-23DOI: 10.2174/1875038901306010001
Haitham M Ahmed, M. Elshazly, S. Martin, M. Blaha, K. Kulkarni, S. Jones
Background: Dense LDL phenotypes are associated with increased atherogenicity, and are commonly evaluated for the purposes of atherosclerosis research and cardiovascular risk discrimination. Objective: To examine the ability of LDL subclasses, expressed as a ratio of dense-to-buoyant subclass, to predict LDL density phenotype. Methods: LDL subclasses and density phenotypes were measured with vertical auto profile ultracentrifugation in 1,339,898 consecutive lipid profiles between 2009 and 2011 from a clinical sample of US adults. Logarithmic LDL density ratio (LLDR) was calculated as ratio of dense-to-buoyant LDL subclasses, ln((LDL3-C + LDL4-C) / (LDL1-C +LDL2-C)); normally distributed after log-transformation. LLDR was compared to density phenotype using ROC C- statistic with optimum sensitivity and specificity cutpoints determined. Results: There was a strong, highly significant, monotonic increase in LLDR across progressively higher density phenotypes (p 0.905, sensitivity 81%, specificity 86%. There was also a positive correlation between LLDR and LDL Max Time (R 2 =0.802). Conclusion: LLDR is a convenient, easily calculated, and continuous variable that is strongly associated with LDL density phenotype and LDL Max Time. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between lipoprotein density and size, and whether LLDR provides more cardiovascular risk discrimination than LDL density phenotype.
背景:高密度LDL表型与动脉粥样硬化性增加相关，通常用于动脉粥样硬化研究和心血管风险区分。目的:检验LDL亚类(以密度与浮力亚类的比值表示)预测LDL密度表型的能力。方法:在2009年至2011年期间，用垂直自动超离心法测量了1339898例美国成人临床样本的连续脂质谱，并测量了LDL亚类和密度表型。对数LDL密度比(LLDR)计算为密度与浮力LDL亚类之比ln((LDL3-C + LDL4-C) / (LDL1-C +LDL2-C));经对数变换后正态分布。用ROC C统计比较LLDR与密度表型，确定最佳灵敏度和特异性切点。结果:LLDR在逐渐增加的高密度表型中有强烈的、高度显著的、单调的增加(p 0.905，敏感性81%，特异性86%)。LLDR与LDL Max Time呈正相关(r2 =0.802)。结论:LLDR是一个方便、易于计算、连续的变量，与LDL密度表型和LDL Max Time密切相关。需要进一步研究脂蛋白密度和大小之间的关系，以及LLDR是否比LDL密度表型提供更多的心血管风险识别。
{"title":"Ratio of Dense to Buoyant LDL Subclass is Associated with LDL Density Phenotype (VLDL-5)","authors":"Haitham M Ahmed, M. Elshazly, S. Martin, M. Blaha, K. Kulkarni, S. Jones","doi":"10.2174/1875038901306010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901306010001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dense LDL phenotypes are associated with increased atherogenicity, and are commonly evaluated for the purposes of atherosclerosis research and cardiovascular risk discrimination. Objective: To examine the ability of LDL subclasses, expressed as a ratio of dense-to-buoyant subclass, to predict LDL density phenotype. Methods: LDL subclasses and density phenotypes were measured with vertical auto profile ultracentrifugation in 1,339,898 consecutive lipid profiles between 2009 and 2011 from a clinical sample of US adults. Logarithmic LDL density ratio (LLDR) was calculated as ratio of dense-to-buoyant LDL subclasses, ln((LDL3-C + LDL4-C) / (LDL1-C +LDL2-C)); normally distributed after log-transformation. LLDR was compared to density phenotype using ROC C- statistic with optimum sensitivity and specificity cutpoints determined. Results: There was a strong, highly significant, monotonic increase in LLDR across progressively higher density phenotypes (p 0.905, sensitivity 81%, specificity 86%. There was also a positive correlation between LLDR and LDL Max Time (R 2 =0.802). Conclusion: LLDR is a convenient, easily calculated, and continuous variable that is strongly associated with LDL density phenotype and LDL Max Time. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between lipoprotein density and size, and whether LLDR provides more cardiovascular risk discrimination than LDL density phenotype.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-19DOI: 10.2174/1875038901205010001
K. Brainina, E. Gerasimova, D. P. Varzakova, S. Balezin, I. Portnov, V. A. Makutina, E. V. Tyrchaninova
Potentiometric method based on the sharp change of electrode potential for the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide mediator system after addition of the seminal or follicular fluid sample into the measuring electrochemical cell has been developed to enable the easy assessment of the oxidant/antioxidant status of these kind of biological fluids. Platinum screen printed electrode has been used as an indicator. Essential advantage of the proposed method is simultaneous use of the both forms of the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide mediator system (oxidized and reduced ones) that allows estimating oxidant and antioxidant components of the seminal or follicular fluids samples which were obtained, respectively, from 99 male and 27 female subjects. Oxidant activity of seminal fluids has been observed in pathology conditions of reproductive system of male studied subjects and related with possible male infertility symptoms.
{"title":"Potentiometric Method for Evaluating the Oxidant/Antioxidant Activity of Seminal and Follicular Fluids and Clinical Significance of this Parameter for Human Reproductive Function","authors":"K. Brainina, E. Gerasimova, D. P. Varzakova, S. Balezin, I. Portnov, V. A. Makutina, E. V. Tyrchaninova","doi":"10.2174/1875038901205010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901205010001","url":null,"abstract":"Potentiometric method based on the sharp change of electrode potential for the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide mediator system after addition of the seminal or follicular fluid sample into the measuring electrochemical cell has been developed to enable the easy assessment of the oxidant/antioxidant status of these kind of biological fluids. Platinum screen printed electrode has been used as an indicator. Essential advantage of the proposed method is simultaneous use of the both forms of the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide mediator system (oxidized and reduced ones) that allows estimating oxidant and antioxidant components of the seminal or follicular fluids samples which were obtained, respectively, from 99 male and 27 female subjects. Oxidant activity of seminal fluids has been observed in pathology conditions of reproductive system of male studied subjects and related with possible male infertility symptoms.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130511351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-02DOI: 10.2174/1875038901004010007
A. Lagha
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and evaluated to selectively extract ibuprofen, a non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), from human urine. The synthesis of the MIP was performed in dimethylformamide with acrylamide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross linker and ibuprofen template as the target drug. The performance of the synthesized MIP as solid phase extraction (SPE) packing to recognize and bind ibuprofen was evaluated against other structurally related NSAIDs such as naproxen and ketoprofen. Using a mixture of acetonitrile-water (1/9 v/v) as a solvent for ibuprofen the binding recovery at approximately 90% was obtained for developed MIP in optimized conditions. Batch rebinding capacity of ibuprofen was determined from the derived Freundlich isotherm and was found to be 1.45 � mol g -1 . Furthermore, a higher selectivity of developed MIP for ibuprofen over structurally related analogues was observed. The synthesized MIP has enabled the direct percolation of humane urine and the easy elimination of endogenous compounds from it with simple aqueous washing of the MIP-SPE packing. HPLC analysis has confirmed the high extraction recovery (ca. 85 %) of ibuprofen from such urine samples with use of proposed MIP-SPE system.
合成了一种分子印迹聚合物(MIP)，并对其从人尿中选择性提取非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)布洛芬进行了研究。以丙烯酰胺为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂，布洛芬模板为靶药，在二甲基甲酰胺中合成了MIP。合成的MIP作为固相萃取(SPE)填料识别和结合布洛芬的性能与其他结构相关的非甾体抗炎药(如萘普生和酮洛芬)进行了比较。以乙腈-水的混合物(1/9 v/v)作为布洛芬的溶剂，在优化条件下，所开发的MIP的结合回收率约为90%。根据所得的Freundlich等温线测定了布洛芬的批量再结合能力，发现其为1.45 μ mol g -1。此外，开发的MIP对布洛芬的选择性高于结构相关的类似物。合成的MIP能够直接渗透人类尿液，并且通过简单的水冲洗MIP- spe填料即可轻松消除尿液中的内源性化合物。高效液相色谱分析证实，使用所提出的MIP-SPE系统，从这些尿液样本中提取布洛芬的回收率很高(约85%)。
{"title":"A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Ibuprofen from Urine Samples","authors":"A. Lagha","doi":"10.2174/1875038901004010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901004010007","url":null,"abstract":"A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and evaluated to selectively extract ibuprofen, a non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), from human urine. The synthesis of the MIP was performed in dimethylformamide with acrylamide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross linker and ibuprofen template as the target drug. The performance of the synthesized MIP as solid phase extraction (SPE) packing to recognize and bind ibuprofen was evaluated against other structurally related NSAIDs such as naproxen and ketoprofen. Using a mixture of acetonitrile-water (1/9 v/v) as a solvent for ibuprofen the binding recovery at approximately 90% was obtained for developed MIP in optimized conditions. Batch rebinding capacity of ibuprofen was determined from the derived Freundlich isotherm and was found to be 1.45 � mol g -1 . Furthermore, a higher selectivity of developed MIP for ibuprofen over structurally related analogues was observed. The synthesized MIP has enabled the direct percolation of humane urine and the easy elimination of endogenous compounds from it with simple aqueous washing of the MIP-SPE packing. HPLC analysis has confirmed the high extraction recovery (ca. 85 %) of ibuprofen from such urine samples with use of proposed MIP-SPE system.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122322071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-12DOI: 10.2174/1875038901004010001
A. Jaworowska
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the possible role of adenovirus infection in etiology of obesity. Antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM) to adenovirus were determined in a total of 71 Caucasian, apparently healthy, middle aged (mean 45.9 ± 13.6 years), living in urban area, cohort of women - including overweight/obese (OW/OB, n = 50) and normal weight (NW, n = 21) group - by using serotype non-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Triglycerides (TG), total- (TChol) and HDL-cholesterol (HDLChol) concentrations in collected serum samples were performed by standard enzymatic methods. The level of LDL cholesterol (LDLChol) was calculated using the Friedewald formula. Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. There were no associations (p > 0.05) observed between IgG + or IgA + seropositivity for adenovirus and measured obesity indicators as BMI, %FM, WHR in studied female groups. However, in the group of OW/OB subjects with combined seropositivity (IgG + /IgA + ) - both for IgG and IgA antibodies to adenovirus - which suggest chronic adenoviral infection the significantly (p < 0.05) lower serum TG, TChol and LDLChol concentrations have been observed in comparison with the seronegative (IgG - /IgA - ) females from the OW/OB and NW group of females. Findings of our pilot study suggest that infection of some adenoviruses may predispose to altered serum lipids in some adult OW/OB females. Further studies should be made to critically evaluate this association and its possible consequences to currently accepted protocols for obesity prevention and treatment. Especially, in this group of OW/OB females, the involvement of measurements of the serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus or isolation/identification of specific adenovirus like particles in serum and adipose tissue using convective interaction media (CIM) monolithic column technology should be advisable.
{"title":"Possible Association of Altered Serum Lipids in Obese Adult Females with Adenoviral Infection","authors":"A. Jaworowska","doi":"10.2174/1875038901004010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901004010001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the possible role of adenovirus infection in etiology of obesity. Antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM) to adenovirus were determined in a total of 71 Caucasian, apparently healthy, middle aged (mean 45.9 ± 13.6 years), living in urban area, cohort of women - including overweight/obese (OW/OB, n = 50) and normal weight (NW, n = 21) group - by using serotype non-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Triglycerides (TG), total- (TChol) and HDL-cholesterol (HDLChol) concentrations in collected serum samples were performed by standard enzymatic methods. The level of LDL cholesterol (LDLChol) was calculated using the Friedewald formula. Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. There were no associations (p > 0.05) observed between IgG + or IgA + seropositivity for adenovirus and measured obesity indicators as BMI, %FM, WHR in studied female groups. However, in the group of OW/OB subjects with combined seropositivity (IgG + /IgA + ) - both for IgG and IgA antibodies to adenovirus - which suggest chronic adenoviral infection the significantly (p < 0.05) lower serum TG, TChol and LDLChol concentrations have been observed in comparison with the seronegative (IgG - /IgA - ) females from the OW/OB and NW group of females. Findings of our pilot study suggest that infection of some adenoviruses may predispose to altered serum lipids in some adult OW/OB females. Further studies should be made to critically evaluate this association and its possible consequences to currently accepted protocols for obesity prevention and treatment. Especially, in this group of OW/OB females, the involvement of measurements of the serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus or isolation/identification of specific adenovirus like particles in serum and adipose tissue using convective interaction media (CIM) monolithic column technology should be advisable.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124057307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1875038901003010197
M. Ketterer, S. Gulin, Gary D. MacLellan, W. J. Hartsock
Sector field ICP-MS has been used to determine 239+240 Pu activity and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio profiles in a sediment core obtained in 1997 from the Danube Delta region of the Black Sea. The 239+240 Pu activity profile reveals the presence of a 1963 stratospheric fallout peak, along with two more recent peaks stemming from fluvial transport of Chernobyl Pu through the Danube watershed into the Black Sea. The two recent peaks occur in the early 1990's and are associated with 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios as high as 0.307, significantly exceeding the established range of stratospheric fallout ( 240 Pu/ 239 Pu = 0.180 ± 0.014). The Chernobyl-derived 240 Pu/ 239 Pu features in the core are also associated with elevated 238 Pu activities (determined by alpha spectrometry), and 238 Pu/ 239+240 Pu activity ratios of 0.08-0.10 in excess of the stratospheric fallout signature ( 238 Pu/ 239+240 Pu = 0.04).
{"title":"Fluvial Transport of Chernobyl Plutonium (Pu) to the Black Sea: Evidence from 240Pu/239Pu Atom Ratios in Danube Delta Sediments","authors":"M. Ketterer, S. Gulin, Gary D. MacLellan, W. J. Hartsock","doi":"10.2174/1875038901003010197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901003010197","url":null,"abstract":"Sector field ICP-MS has been used to determine 239+240 Pu activity and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio profiles in a sediment core obtained in 1997 from the Danube Delta region of the Black Sea. The 239+240 Pu activity profile reveals the presence of a 1963 stratospheric fallout peak, along with two more recent peaks stemming from fluvial transport of Chernobyl Pu through the Danube watershed into the Black Sea. The two recent peaks occur in the early 1990's and are associated with 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios as high as 0.307, significantly exceeding the established range of stratospheric fallout ( 240 Pu/ 239 Pu = 0.180 ± 0.014). The Chernobyl-derived 240 Pu/ 239 Pu features in the core are also associated with elevated 238 Pu activities (determined by alpha spectrometry), and 238 Pu/ 239+240 Pu activity ratios of 0.08-0.10 in excess of the stratospheric fallout signature ( 238 Pu/ 239+240 Pu = 0.04).","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1875038901003010133
J. Cizdziel
This Hot Topic issue of “The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal” is devoted to applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in environmental monitoring and fingerprinting. ICP-MS has become a common method for monitoring environmental quality and processes, and for fingerprinting of natural and anthropogenic pollution sources because of its multi-elemental capability, high sensitivity, low detection limits and capability to measure isotopes. The papers herein span a wide range of interesting applications, from monitoring trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter and biota to fingerprinting sources of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and historical air pollution to determining the provenance of food supply to improving sample preparation and analysis schemes. As is always the case, knowledge of the fundamentals of the instrument and technique (i.e., ICP-MS) is invaluable to obtain accurate data and avoid many of the pitfalls (e.g., matrix effects, isobaric interferences, instrumental drift) that can lead to poor data quality and misleading information. Thus, another objective of this issue is to show how different researchers effectively use ICP-MS, both solutionand laser-based, for diverse environmental samples and applications.
{"title":"Editorial Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)for Environmental Monitoring and Fingerprinting","authors":"J. Cizdziel","doi":"10.2174/1875038901003010133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901003010133","url":null,"abstract":"This Hot Topic issue of “The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal” is devoted to applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in environmental monitoring and fingerprinting. ICP-MS has become a common method for monitoring environmental quality and processes, and for fingerprinting of natural and anthropogenic pollution sources because of its multi-elemental capability, high sensitivity, low detection limits and capability to measure isotopes. The papers herein span a wide range of interesting applications, from monitoring trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter and biota to fingerprinting sources of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and historical air pollution to determining the provenance of food supply to improving sample preparation and analysis schemes. As is always the case, knowledge of the fundamentals of the instrument and technique (i.e., ICP-MS) is invaluable to obtain accurate data and avoid many of the pitfalls (e.g., matrix effects, isobaric interferences, instrumental drift) that can lead to poor data quality and misleading information. Thus, another objective of this issue is to show how different researchers effectively use ICP-MS, both solutionand laser-based, for diverse environmental samples and applications.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114068428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1875038901003010135
S. Wilbur, L. Jones
By combining recent advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology including improved collision cell efficiency, aerosol dilution and discrete sampling, a rare synergy has been achieved resulting in a system that is not only much faster than previous instruments, but also shows improved ease of use and superior matrix tolerance. This work demonstrates the benefits of such a system by demonstrating United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) compliant analysis of a range of high matrix certified reference materials for 26 elements in less than 2 minutes per sample.
{"title":"Combining Helium Collision Mode, Aerosol Dilution and Discrete Sampling to Maximize Matrix Tolerance and Productivity in ICP-MS Analysis of Environmental Samples","authors":"S. Wilbur, L. Jones","doi":"10.2174/1875038901003010135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901003010135","url":null,"abstract":"By combining recent advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology including improved collision cell efficiency, aerosol dilution and discrete sampling, a rare synergy has been achieved resulting in a system that is not only much faster than previous instruments, but also shows improved ease of use and superior matrix tolerance. This work demonstrates the benefits of such a system by demonstrating United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) compliant analysis of a range of high matrix certified reference materials for 26 elements in less than 2 minutes per sample.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126177502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1875038901003010179
R. Watling, Garry S. H. Lee, C. Scadding, Tamara S. Pilgrim, R. Green, Alexander E. Martin, C. D. May, Jenna L. Valentin
The provenance identification of selected types of food and drink was undertaken from data obtained using both solution and laser ablation based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and solution based inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis of selected food and drink materials (pork, wine, tea, coffee and olive oil). Quantitative determination of up to 55 elements was undertaken using solution based ICP- MS and AES while counts per second data for 49 elements was used for samples analyzed using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). ICP-AES was used to determine the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe where appropriate. A quantitative analytical methodology for LA-ICP-MS analysis of olive oil was also developed and preliminary trials undertaken. Additional information, to establish more detailed geographic resolution in provenance determination, especially for tea and coffee (plantation of origin), was provided by the incorporation of data for light stable isotope distribution patterns ( 2 H (D), 13 C and 15 N). LA-ICP-MS was used for the direct analysis of olive oil and coffee beans. The use of laser ablation for the analysis of olive oil has the potential to overcome problems associated with both acid dissolution and thermal oxidation of this material, which are the traditional methods of sample dissolution and which either introduce significant contamination or cause the loss of volatile organo-metallic compounds that may be indicative for provenance determination. Results from the overall study indicated that it was possible not only to establish country of origin of the study materials but also in some cases to improve resolution of provenance to state of origin (wine and pork), and even plantation of origin (tea and coffee).
所选食品和饮料的来源鉴定是通过基于溶液和激光烧蚀的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和基于溶液的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析所选食品和饮料材料(猪肉、葡萄酒、茶、咖啡和橄榄油)获得的数据进行的。使用基于溶液的ICP-MS和AES进行了多达55种元素的定量测定，而49种元素的每秒计数数据用于激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析样品。采用ICP-AES法测定Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的浓度。还开发了用于橄榄油LA-ICP-MS分析的定量分析方法，并进行了初步试验。通过结合轻稳定同位素分布模式(2 H (D)， 13 C和15 N)的数据，提供了更多的信息，以建立更详细的地理分辨率，特别是对茶和咖啡(原产地种植园)。LA-ICP-MS用于橄榄油和咖啡豆的直接分析。使用激光烧蚀法对橄榄油进行分析有可能克服与该材料的酸溶解和热氧化相关的问题，这是传统的样品溶解方法，要么引入严重的污染，要么导致挥发性有机金属化合物的损失，而这些有机金属化合物可能是确定来源的指示性。总体研究的结果表明，不仅可以确定研究材料的原产国，而且在某些情况下还可以提高原产地(葡萄酒和猪肉)，甚至原产地种植园(茶和咖啡)的来源分辨率。
{"title":"The application of solution and laser ablation based ICP-MS and solution based AES for the provenance determination of selected food and drink produce","authors":"R. Watling, Garry S. H. Lee, C. Scadding, Tamara S. Pilgrim, R. Green, Alexander E. Martin, C. D. May, Jenna L. Valentin","doi":"10.2174/1875038901003010179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901003010179","url":null,"abstract":"The provenance identification of selected types of food and drink was undertaken from data obtained using both solution and laser ablation based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and solution based inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis of selected food and drink materials (pork, wine, tea, coffee and olive oil). Quantitative determination of up to 55 elements was undertaken using solution based ICP- MS and AES while counts per second data for 49 elements was used for samples analyzed using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). ICP-AES was used to determine the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe where appropriate. A quantitative analytical methodology for LA-ICP-MS analysis of olive oil was also developed and preliminary trials undertaken. Additional information, to establish more detailed geographic resolution in provenance determination, especially for tea and coffee (plantation of origin), was provided by the incorporation of data for light stable isotope distribution patterns ( 2 H (D), 13 C and 15 N). LA-ICP-MS was used for the direct analysis of olive oil and coffee beans. The use of laser ablation for the analysis of olive oil has the potential to overcome problems associated with both acid dissolution and thermal oxidation of this material, which are the traditional methods of sample dissolution and which either introduce significant contamination or cause the loss of volatile organo-metallic compounds that may be indicative for provenance determination. Results from the overall study indicated that it was possible not only to establish country of origin of the study materials but also in some cases to improve resolution of provenance to state of origin (wine and pork), and even plantation of origin (tea and coffee).","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126471775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1875038901003010202
M. Ketterer, David A. Lane, James A Jordan
Unusually radiogenic Pb has been found in sediments of a portion of the Ashtabula River (80 o 48' W, 41 o 54' N) near its confluence with Lake Erie. Pb isotopic compositions have been determined by quadrupole ICPMS, revealing that the Pb results from mixing of three sources: crustal Pb, common Pb from industrial pollutant sources, and highly radiogenic Pb associated with U-containing accessory minerals in a Ti ore refining process discharge. Crustal Pb and anthropogenic pollutant common Pb exhibit 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of ~ 19, in agreement with findings from published Lake Erie sediment studies. Horizons containing > 10 ppm U exhibit elevated 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios (23.88 ± 2.57, n = 11) which cannot be accounted for by anthropogenic common Pb sources. Increases in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb are not accompanied by corresponding increases in 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, with the exception of one horizon that contains 96 ppm Th. The 206 Pb/ 204 Pb is correlated with the U concentration (r 2 = 0.902). A small tributary of the Ashtabula River, Fields Brook, is the apparent point of origin of the U, Th and radiogenic Pb in the Ashtabula River sediments. These findings demonstrate that the Pb isotopic composition in the environment is subject to local influences from naturally occurring radioactive material sources.
{"title":"Unusually Radiogenic Lead (Pb) in Ashtabula River Sediments: An Isotopic Tracing Case Study Using Quadrupole ICP-MS","authors":"M. Ketterer, David A. Lane, James A Jordan","doi":"10.2174/1875038901003010202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901003010202","url":null,"abstract":"Unusually radiogenic Pb has been found in sediments of a portion of the Ashtabula River (80 o 48' W, 41 o 54' N) near its confluence with Lake Erie. Pb isotopic compositions have been determined by quadrupole ICPMS, revealing that the Pb results from mixing of three sources: crustal Pb, common Pb from industrial pollutant sources, and highly radiogenic Pb associated with U-containing accessory minerals in a Ti ore refining process discharge. Crustal Pb and anthropogenic pollutant common Pb exhibit 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of ~ 19, in agreement with findings from published Lake Erie sediment studies. Horizons containing > 10 ppm U exhibit elevated 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios (23.88 ± 2.57, n = 11) which cannot be accounted for by anthropogenic common Pb sources. Increases in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb are not accompanied by corresponding increases in 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, with the exception of one horizon that contains 96 ppm Th. The 206 Pb/ 204 Pb is correlated with the U concentration (r 2 = 0.902). A small tributary of the Ashtabula River, Fields Brook, is the apparent point of origin of the U, Th and radiogenic Pb in the Ashtabula River sediments. These findings demonstrate that the Pb isotopic composition in the environment is subject to local influences from naturally occurring radioactive material sources.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116848105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-03DOI: 10.2174/1875038901003010143
V. Celo, E. Dabek-Zlotorzynska, David Mathieu, Irina Okonskaia
Two microwave-assisted digestion procedures, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, were evaluated for the determination of trace elements in fine atmospheric aerosols (PM2.5) for air monitoring purposes. The first procedure used 40%(v/v) HNO3 and a digestion program with a maximum temperature of 175 o C. The second digestion procedure provided the dissolution of silicate matrix through the use of a mixture of HNO3/HF/H3BO3 at 200 o C. Both digestion procedures employed microvessels (MicroVessel TM ), which significantly reduced the amount of reagents needed, and increased the sample throughput by two-fold. The effectiveness of both digestion procedures was studied through the analysis of NIST standard reference materials (SRM), namely SRM 2783 (PM2.5 Air Particulate Matter deposited on a polycarbonate filter membrane), and SRM 1648 (Urban Particulate Matter). The accuracy was also checked through the analysis of co-located ambient PM2.5 samples collected within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network. Comparison of analytical results for PM2.5 samples showed that 40% (v/v) HNO3 could dissolve most of the metals of interest to the same degree as the HNO3/HF/H3BO3 mixture. Good agreement was also obtained by comparison with Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (ED-XRF). The efficiency of the simple microwave digestion procedure (no HF) was not dependent on the origin, mass loading, or elemental composition of the analyzed samples, thus it is quite suitable for monitoring purposes. However, the total dissolution of several trace elements such as Ti, Cr and U in PM2.5, and Ti, Cr, Al, lanthanides, and Sb in coarse fractions of PM (PM10-2.5) would require digestion in the presence of HF.
{"title":"Validation of a Simple Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion Method Using Microvessels for Analysis of Trace Elements in Atmospheric PM2.5 in Monitoring and Fingerprinting Studies","authors":"V. Celo, E. Dabek-Zlotorzynska, David Mathieu, Irina Okonskaia","doi":"10.2174/1875038901003010143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875038901003010143","url":null,"abstract":"Two microwave-assisted digestion procedures, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, were evaluated for the determination of trace elements in fine atmospheric aerosols (PM2.5) for air monitoring purposes. The first procedure used 40%(v/v) HNO3 and a digestion program with a maximum temperature of 175 o C. The second digestion procedure provided the dissolution of silicate matrix through the use of a mixture of HNO3/HF/H3BO3 at 200 o C. Both digestion procedures employed microvessels (MicroVessel TM ), which significantly reduced the amount of reagents needed, and increased the sample throughput by two-fold. The effectiveness of both digestion procedures was studied through the analysis of NIST standard reference materials (SRM), namely SRM 2783 (PM2.5 Air Particulate Matter deposited on a polycarbonate filter membrane), and SRM 1648 (Urban Particulate Matter). The accuracy was also checked through the analysis of co-located ambient PM2.5 samples collected within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network. Comparison of analytical results for PM2.5 samples showed that 40% (v/v) HNO3 could dissolve most of the metals of interest to the same degree as the HNO3/HF/H3BO3 mixture. Good agreement was also obtained by comparison with Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (ED-XRF). The efficiency of the simple microwave digestion procedure (no HF) was not dependent on the origin, mass loading, or elemental composition of the analyzed samples, thus it is quite suitable for monitoring purposes. However, the total dissolution of several trace elements such as Ti, Cr and U in PM2.5, and Ti, Cr, Al, lanthanides, and Sb in coarse fractions of PM (PM10-2.5) would require digestion in the presence of HF.","PeriodicalId":302199,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical and Biomedical Methods Journal","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122930893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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