Sleep Disorders最新文献

The aim was to validate a new seven-item "TASC" (Trøndelag Apnoea Score) proxy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) against polysomnography in the general population. Objectives included validation against different polysomnographic criteria, stratification by age and gender, and estimation of OSA prevalence. From the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4), 1,201 participants were randomly invited to a substudy focusing on sleep and headaches, of whom 232 accepted and 84 (64% women, mean age 55.0 years, and standard deviation 11.5 years) underwent polysomnography. The TASC proxy sums seven binary items for snoring, observed breathing pauses, restricted daytime activities, hypertension, body mass index (≥30 kg/m²), age (≥50 years), and gender (male). A single night of ambulatory (home) polysomnography was analysed using both the recommended and optional hypopnoea criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). We found 65% sensitivity and 87% specificity (Cohen's κ = 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.72) for TASC ≥ 3 against AHI ≥ 15 (recommended AASM criteria). Validity was similar against AHI ≥ 30 but lower against AHI ≥ 5 and against the optional AASM criteria. Sensitivity and overall validity were higher among men and those above 50 years of age. The prevalence of an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of at least 5, 15, or 30 using the recommended (and optional) AASM criteria was 73% (46%), 37% (18%), or 15% (5%). A seven-item TASC proxy for OSA showed good validity and may be useful in screening and epidemiological settings. Sensitivity, specificity, and validity vary considerably by cut-off, by polysomnographic scoring criteria, and by gender and age strata.

Perioperative sleep disturbances may impact healing and negatively affect the patient's perception of well-being. Therefore, accurately assessing postoperative sleep characteristics is necessary to treat sleep disturbances. This study is a secondary data analysis of research investigating the association between sleep and cognition in a perioperative setting. This study compares sleep characteristics between the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire and WatchPAT, a portable sleep apnea testing device. The goal of this study is to compare an objective measurement of sleep quality (WatchPAT) with a traditional questionnaire. One hundred and one patients who underwent elective, noncardiac surgical procedures wore a WatchPAT and completed the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire for three nights: two preoperative and one postoperative night. In the preoperative period, a Bland-Altman analysis showed an agreement Watch PAT and the St Mary's hospital sleep questionnaire except for sleep fragmentation. A good to fair correlation during the preoperative period was observed with both sleep latency and total sleep time. In the postoperative period, no correlation was observed between the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire data and WatchPAT data. Our study indicates that some potential factors affecting sleep and cognition such as admission type, depression, anesthesia type, and sleep apnea may limit patients' ability to report their sleep characteristics after surgery. Therefore, relying solely on one sleep assessment method is not advisable.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathologically stresses the cardiovascular system. Apneic events cause significant oscillatory surges in nocturnal blood pressure (BP). Trajectories of these surges vary widely. This variability challenges the quantification, characterization, and mathematical modeling of BP surge dynamics. We present a method of aggregating trajectories of apnea-induced BP surges using a sample-by-sample averaging of continuously recorded BP. We applied the method to recordings of overnight BP (average total sleep time: 4.77 ± 1.64 h) for 10 OSA patients (mean AHI: 63.5 events/h; range: 18.3-105.4). We studied surges in blood pressure due to obstructive respiratory events separated from other such events by at least 30 s (274 total events). These events increased systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP by 19 ± 7.1 mmHg (14.8%) and 11 ± 5.6 mmHg (15.5%), respectively, relative to mean values during wakefulness. Further, aggregated SBP and DBP peaks occurred on average 9 s and 9.5 s after apnea events, respectively. Interestingly, the amplitude of the SBP and DBP peaks varied across sleep stages, with mean peak ranging from 128.8 ± 12.4 to 166.1 ± 15.5 mmHg for SBP and from 63.1 ± 8.2 to 84.2 ± 9.4 mmHg for DBP. The aggregation method provides a high level of granularity in quantifying BP oscillations from OSA events and may be useful in modeling autonomic nervous system responses to OSA-induced stresses.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the association between quality of sleep and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and physical activity level in young adults at the University of Ghana.

Method: In a cross-sectional design, 340 university students, aged between 20-30 years were recruited. Quality of sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) and physical activity with the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Poor quality of sleep was defined as a global PSQI score>5 and low physical activity level as those not meeting the criteria for vigorous-moderate physical activity. Anthropometric features and blood pressures were measured, and fasting blood samples were collected from the participants to measure plasma levels of glucose, lipid profile, urea, and creatinine. MetS was defined using the Joint Scientific Statement criteria.

Results: In our study population of young adults from Ghana, the prevalence of poor quality of sleep as measured by PSQI was 54.1%, and MetS was 12.4%. MetS was associated with poor quality of sleep in females [OR (95%CI) = 2.11 (1.04-4.25), p = 0.038] and entire study participants [2.18 (1.09-4.37) p = 0.029] in both crude and adjusted models; no association was found in male participants. Low physical activity status was not associated with poor sleep status. Obesity [1.32 (1.02-3.56), p = 0.043], but not overweight [0.99 (0.58-2.34), p = 0.862], was associated with poor quality of sleep.

Conclusion: Young adults in a Ghanaian university have a high prevalence of poor quality of sleep and is associated with MetS and obesity. Physical activity status was not associated with poor quality of sleep.

Background: Assessing sleep disorders and understanding their causes are essential for the proper treatment and management of the disorders. The Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (HSDQ) is a self-assessment questionnaire that measures sleep problems and symptoms based on the six categories of sleep disorders described in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 (ICSD-2). The aim of this study was at validating and assessing the psychometric properties of the HSDQ in Iranian adults.

Method: The study was carried out as a methodological and validation work. The guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures were followed for the translation and the cultural validation of the tool. To examine construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 216 participants and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 355 participants were used. As to the reliability, the test-retest method and, as to internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha were employed. Data analyses were done in SPSS-25 and LISREL-8.

Results: The CFA and EFA results confirmed the tool with six factors and 31 items. The R ² index of the model was 0.99, which indicated that 99% of changes in the dependent variable (adults' sleep problem) were attributed to the independent variable (the 31 items). In other words, 0.99 of the changes in the dependent variable were due to the independent variables. The main indices of CFA (χ ²/DF = 2.65, CFI = 0.91NNFI/TLI = 0.92GFI = 0.81, REMSEA = 0.043, R ² = 0.99) were acceptable. In addition, a correlation coefficient below 0.05 was considered as significant. Reliability of the tool based on internal correlation (Cronbach's alpha) was in the 0.701-0.924 range for the subscales and equal to 0.789 for the whole tool.

Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the Farsi version of HSDQ (six factors and 31 items) had acceptable and applicable indices and it can be used as a valid tool in the Iranian society. The tool can be used as a reliable tool in different fields of medical sciences.

Introduction: Sleep disorders are extremely prevalent in the general population. College students are more susceptible to sleep problems. This is due to the increased competition in getting a job position and the current alterations in the labor market. Poor sleep is prevalent and has deleterious effects on college students, but its frequency among college students has not been documented in Jordan. So, the aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of daytime sleepiness among medical college students in Jordan and to look for any links between daytime sleepiness and academic performance.

Methods: A cross-sectional study performed on medical and paramedical specialties students and Epworth sleepiness Sscale (ESS) was used. To assess the students' academic performance, the cumulative grade point average was utilized.

Results: 977 students from five medical colleges participated in the study. ESS scores were abnormal in 34.4% of students and were considered to have daytime sleepiness. Significant lower ESS scores were associated with students who reported good sleep quality than students who reported poor sleep quality. Significant lower ESS scores were reported by students who slept more than 7 hours compared with students who slept less than 6 hours. The ESS scores were not significantly associated with students' CPGA.

Conclusion: Daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent among medical students in Jordan. The data of this study might be very helpful to assess the academic policy makers to develop intervention strategies that resolve the sleep disturbances in college students and reduce its impact on the academic achievements.

Poor sleep quality has been reported to be common amongst medical students and healthcare professionals worldwide. Sleep disturbance has been associated with increased rates of burnout and depression. As a result, this has been negatively impacting performance and functioning. Research on this topic is limited in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study is aimed at exploring sleep pattern and the emotional state of medical and dental students in Dubai, UAE. This cross-sectional study was based on an electronic survey sent to 181 medical and dental students. Of the 181 invitations, 96 individuals agreed to participate and complete the rating scales. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was utilized to explore sleep duration, quality, and daytime functioning. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale was used to assess the emotional states of the participants. Overall, the findings revealed diminished sleep duration. The average duration of sleep amongst the study participants was 5 hours and 24 minutes, which is significantly below the recommended duration as per sleep guidelines. Results also showed a significant positive correlation between total sleep duration and overall sleep quality with enthusiasm during the day. Future research designed to explore factors contributing to sleep efficiency, in more depth, as well as strategies to enhance sleep quality is highly warranted.

Background: Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), a growing public health threat, is an emerging condition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Related SSA studies have so far used an incomplete definition. This study is aimed at assessing SAS using an American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) complete definition and at exploring its relationship with comorbidities, among patients hospitalized in a Cameroonian tertiary hospital.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology departments of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Patients aged 21 and above were consecutively invited, and some of them were randomly selected to undergo a full night record using a portable sleep monitoring device, to diagnose sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). SAS was defined as an apnea - hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5/h, associated with either excessive daytime sleepiness or at least 3 compatible symptoms. Moderate to severe SAS (MS-SAS) stood for an AHI ≥ 15/h. We used chi-square or Fisher tests to compare SAS and non-SAS groups. Findings. One hundred and eleven patients presented a valid sleep monitoring report. Their mean age ± standard deviation (range) was 58 ± 12.5 (28-87) years, and 53.2% were female. The prevalence (95% confident interval (CI)) of SAS was 55.0 (45.7, 64.2)% and the one of MS-SAS 34.2 (25.4, 43.1)%. The obstructive pattern (90.2% of SAS and 86.8% of MS-SAS) was predominant. The prevalence of SAS among specific comorbidities ranged from 52.2% to 75.0%. Compared to SAS free patients, more SAS patients presented with hypertension (75.4% vs. 48.0%, p = 0.005%), history of stroke (36.7% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.756), cardiac failure (23.0% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.213), and combined cardiovascular comorbidity (80.3% vs. 52.0%, p = 0.003). Similar results were observed for MS-SAS. Metabolic and neuropsychiatric comorbidities did not differ between SAS and SAS-free patients.

Conclusion: The SAS diagnosed using modified AASM definition showed high prevalence among patients hospitalized for acute medical conditions, as it was found with SDB. Unlike HIV infection, metabolic and brain conditions, cardiovascular comorbidities (hypertension and cardiac failure) were significantly more prevalent in SAS patients.

Methods: We searched the online database PubMed on 30 August 2020 for our data collection. We used the following keywords: sleep duration AND (cardiovascular disease OR cardiovascular event) AND (cohort OR prospective OR retrospective). We identified 653 studies, and after excluding studies that were published before 2015, we obtained 306 studies. After filtering the 306 studies through title and abstract screening and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we further reviewed fourteen studies with full-text reading. We excluded three studies because of insufficient data required and included eleven studies in this systematic review.

Results: A total of 361,041 participants from ten studies were included in this systematic review. The incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular diseases in the short sleep duration group is 46.12%, 0.59%, 5.43%, 0.09%, 7.18%, 1.48%, and 6.8%, consecutively, while the incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and heart failure in the long sleep duration group is 30.71%, 0.61%, 6.55%, 1.11%, and 6.04%, consecutively. Nine studies reported an association between sleep duration and cardiovascular diseases while one study reported no association. Seven studies reported that short sleep duration was significantly associated with CVD. Short sleep duration in this study was associated with hypertension and heart failure. Atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease were associated with both short and long sleep duration.

Conclusion: Abnormal sleep duration (short and long sleep duration) may act as the predictor of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of having normal sleep duration should be stressed with other lifestyle modification to avoid the risk of getting cardiovascular diseases. However, further studies are needed to overcome the limitation of this systematic review.