Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/12119
Eric Franc
Against the backdrop of the various attestations of the ethnonym “Boii” in the ancient world, this work aims to explore the subject of the Cisalpine boicity on the basis of textual sources consisting of epigraphs written in different languages and, above all, of Greek and Latin literary passages. We will analyse both the exoethnic representation of the Cisalpine Boii recorded in classical literature and, as far as possible, the ethnic phenomena inside the human community made up of the Cisalpines who, in Antiquity, were defined and/or possibly defined themselves as Boii. The investigation will be conducted by applying the analytical tools of a post-essentialist, relational and dynamic theory of ethnicity.
{"title":"L’etnicità delle popolazioni estinte: il caso dei Boii Cisalpini a partire dalle fonti testuali","authors":"Eric Franc","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/12119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/12119","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of the various attestations of the ethnonym “Boii” in the ancient world, this work aims to explore the subject of the Cisalpine boicity on the basis of textual sources consisting of epigraphs written in different languages and, above all, of Greek and Latin literary passages. We will analyse both the exoethnic representation of the Cisalpine Boii recorded in classical literature and, as far as possible, the ethnic phenomena inside the human community made up of the Cisalpines who, in Antiquity, were defined and/or possibly defined themselves as Boii. The investigation will be conducted by applying the analytical tools of a post-essentialist, relational and dynamic theory of ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"14 1","pages":"89-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87828390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/12101
Valeria Rita Guarnera
This work concerns the typological and interpretative study of a female figurine found at Valcorrente di Belpasso (Catania), located on the south-eastern slopes of Etna. In particular, the study will deal with identification of shared iconographic models within a specific cultural horizon, symbolic values and use of this particular category of objects. The figurine finds comparisons above all with some “idols” from different centers of the Mediterranean in the III and II millennium BC, both in the Balkan, Eastern areas and Northern Italy. The widespread diffusion of this type may have favored its production and distribution in geographic contexts, even far away, while maintaining its meaning and modes of use.
{"title":"Un frammento di figurina antropomorfa dal sito di Valcorrente (Belpasso): studio tipologico e proposta interpretativa","authors":"Valeria Rita Guarnera","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/12101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/12101","url":null,"abstract":"This work concerns the typological and interpretative study of a female figurine found at Valcorrente di Belpasso (Catania), located on the south-eastern slopes of Etna. In particular, the study will deal with identification of shared iconographic models within a specific cultural horizon, symbolic values and use of this particular category of objects. The figurine finds comparisons above all with some “idols” from different centers of the Mediterranean in the III and II millennium BC, both in the Balkan, Eastern areas and Northern Italy. The widespread diffusion of this type may have favored its production and distribution in geographic contexts, even far away, while maintaining its meaning and modes of use.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"18 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73567557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11772
D. Calderone
The paper deals with the study of routes developed, starting from the Middle Neolithic, through the Sicani mountains, a fundamental passage of lines of communication that connected the Palermo coast to the Agrigento coast. The study of the location of the settlements and the morphology of the territory made it possible, with the help of the GIS, to reconstruct the development of the road network during historical and prehistoric periods.
{"title":"Rotte e vie di comunicazione attraverso i monti sicani durante il neolitico: ipotesi di viabilità di lunga durata tra Campofranco e Milena (CL)","authors":"D. Calderone","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11772","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the study of routes developed, starting from the Middle Neolithic, through the Sicani mountains, a fundamental passage of lines of communication that connected the Palermo coast to the Agrigento coast. The study of the location of the settlements and the morphology of the territory made it possible, with the help of the GIS, to reconstruct the development of the road network during historical and prehistoric periods.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"19 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85665929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11004
L. Sanna
This paper deals with the study of one of the most interesting coastal sites of the entire region of Liguria, the Marine Cave of Bergeggi (Savona). The parts of the site that were visible above water were discovered in the 19th century and its submerged parts in the 1970s. The site underwent several specific investigations over the years, but was never investigated with a systematic strategy. Between January and December 2014, the author of this article had the possibility to examine both the emerged and submerged parts of this cave, which yielded important information about the geomorphological evolution of the site, as well as to propose new interpretations about its human occupation and use, dating at least from the Middle Palaeolithic up to the Iron Age. Concerning the Bronze Age, the author had the possibility to examine in the same period the ceramic collections of the Marine Cave of Bergeggi at the “Paolo Graziosi Museum” in Florence, consisting of material from different research campaigns held between the last quarter of the 19th century and the 1950s. This allowed her to discern cultural parallels between this Ligurian site and some other Italian and French sites. More in detail, it has been possible to shed light on a possible link between the Western Ligurian area and the Eastern Provence. Even if the number of sherds pertaining to the last phases of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age from this collection does not seem to be enough to guarantee a proper analysis of this phenomenon, the recognition of some parallels is considered more than a causal connection. Some of the recognised decorations, among which the incised cross of a bottom in the form of a ring, as well as some particular shapes, all found in the Modigliani Gallery at Bergeggi, seem to draw a direct parallel with forms and decorations discovered in some sites of the Eastern Provence area, especially with the site of the Grotte du Chateau in Nice. This existing correspondence, together with other elements, seems to confirm the idea of a relation between these two areas during the Late Bronze Age - Early Iron Age, probably linked to a maritime route. Unfortunately, the shortage of data coming from sites dating to this period, particularly for the Ligurian area, represents a great hurdle for the correct understanding of this relationship, as well as for the analysis of the population dynamics of the coastal part of this region during the Bronze Age. However, up to now, the site of the Marine Cave of Bergeggi, thanks to its particular geomorphological structure, archaeological record and its geographical position linked to the sea and the Val Bormida route can be considered an interesting starting point for a deeper investigation of the probable coastal Ligurian-Provencal connection at the end of the Bronze Age.
本文研究了利古里亚整个地区最有趣的沿海遗址之一，Bergeggi海洋洞穴(萨沃纳)。该遗址在水面上可见的部分是在19世纪发现的，其水下部分是在20世纪70年代发现的。多年来，该遗址经历了几次具体的调查，但从未有过系统的调查策略。在2014年1月至12月期间，本文作者有可能检查这个洞穴的出现和淹没部分，这提供了关于该遗址地貌演变的重要信息，并提出了关于人类居住和使用的新解释，至少可以追溯到旧石器时代中期到铁器时代。关于青铜器时代，作者有可能在同一时期检查佛罗伦萨“Paolo Graziosi博物馆”的Bergeggi海洋洞穴的陶瓷收藏，其中包括19世纪最后25年至50年代举行的不同研究活动的材料。这使她能够辨别出利古里亚遗址与其他意大利和法国遗址之间的文化相似之处。更详细地说，已经有可能阐明西利古里亚地区和东普罗旺斯之间可能存在的联系。即使从这些藏品中找到的属于青铜时代最后阶段和铁器时代初期的碎片数量似乎不足以保证对这一现象进行适当的分析，但对一些相似之处的认识被认为不仅仅是因果关系。在Bergeggi的Modigliani画廊中发现的一些公认的装饰，其中一个圆环形式的底部切割十字架，以及一些特殊的形状，似乎与在东普罗旺斯地区的一些遗址中发现的形式和装饰直接相似，特别是与尼斯的Grotte du Chateau遗址。现有的通信，连同其他元素，似乎证实了这两个地区在青铜时代晚期-铁器时代早期之间存在联系的想法，可能与海上航线有关。不幸的是，这一时期，特别是利古里亚地区的遗址数据的缺乏，对正确理解这种关系以及分析青铜时代该地区沿海地区的人口动态构成了巨大障碍。然而，到目前为止，由于其特殊的地貌结构，考古记录以及与海洋和Val Bormida路线相连的地理位置，Bergeggi的海洋洞穴遗址可以被认为是一个有趣的起点，可以更深入地研究青铜时代末期利古里亚-普罗旺斯海岸可能的联系。
{"title":"Nuovi elementi per una definizione di possibili facies nella Liguria dell’età del Bronzo","authors":"L. Sanna","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the study of one of the most interesting coastal sites of the entire region of Liguria, the Marine Cave of Bergeggi (Savona). The parts of the site that were visible above water were discovered in the 19th century and its submerged parts in the 1970s. The site underwent several specific investigations over the years, but was never investigated with a systematic strategy. Between January and December 2014, the author of this article had the possibility to examine both the emerged and submerged parts of this cave, which yielded important information about the geomorphological evolution of the site, as well as to propose new interpretations about its human occupation and use, dating at least from the Middle Palaeolithic up to the Iron Age. \u0000Concerning the Bronze Age, the author had the possibility to examine in the same period the ceramic collections of the Marine Cave of Bergeggi at the “Paolo Graziosi Museum” in Florence, consisting of material from different research campaigns held between the last quarter of the 19th century and the 1950s. This allowed her to discern cultural parallels between this Ligurian site and some other Italian and French sites. More in detail, it has been possible to shed light on a possible link between the Western Ligurian area and the Eastern Provence. \u0000Even if the number of sherds pertaining to the last phases of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age from this collection does not seem to be enough to guarantee a proper analysis of this phenomenon, the recognition of some parallels is considered more than a causal connection. Some of the recognised decorations, among which the incised cross of a bottom in the form of a ring, as well as some particular shapes, all found in the Modigliani Gallery at Bergeggi, seem to draw a direct parallel with forms and decorations discovered in some sites of the Eastern Provence area, especially with the site of the Grotte du Chateau in Nice. This existing correspondence, together with other elements, seems to confirm the idea of a relation between these two areas during the Late Bronze Age - Early Iron Age, probably linked to a maritime route. \u0000Unfortunately, the shortage of data coming from sites dating to this period, particularly for the Ligurian area, represents a great hurdle for the correct understanding of this relationship, as well as for the analysis of the population dynamics of the coastal part of this region during the Bronze Age. However, up to now, the site of the Marine Cave of Bergeggi, thanks to its particular geomorphological structure, archaeological record and its geographical position linked to the sea and the Val Bormida route can be considered an interesting starting point for a deeper investigation of the probable coastal Ligurian-Provencal connection at the end of the Bronze Age.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75493692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11005
G. Pignocchi
This paper focusses on a particular aspect that emerges in the advanced phase of the Recent Bronze Age, namely the sometimes sudden and remarkable appearance of Terramare elements in pottery finds at some sites outside the Terramare area. Although in apparent continuity with the previous period, these finds point to a significant change in pottery production (in terms of type and decorative motives), suggesting changes in the socio-economic order and perhaps in the “ethnic” make-up of some communities. This is particularly evident in a number of settlements, some geographically distant from each another, namely in the Veneto, Tuscany, Romagna, the Marche, Campania, Puglia and Calabria, as already mentioned by Andrea Cardarelli in particular and other authors. These sites share a number of features regarding production materials, but we do not know whether this is an indication of the same cultural and/or ethnic identity. The main aim of this article is to analyse the development process of the Recent Bronze Age in Italy, obtaining a more precise definition of the period’s latter part, which marks the direct transition to the Final Bronze Age in the mid-12th century BC. This case study makes part of a wider debate on how to describe this similarity in material culture. We discuss how the relation with “typical” identities (material and ideological) of entities in specific geographical areas during the process of historical evolution between the Recent Bronze Age (RBA) and Final Bronze Age (FBA) can be described as “phase” or “chronological horizon” rather than in terms like culture or facies. Moscosi di Cingoli, subjected to systematic surveys but only partly published, is an emblematic site in understanding this period. Within the detailed stratigraphic sequence stretching from the Middle Bronze Age 3 (MB3) and continuing through the Recent Bronze Age (RBA), new elements appear at Moscosi that relate to the last occupation of this site. A number of significant elements found here suggest that this period may be a sub-stage of the RBA2, to be divided into RBA2a and RBA2b, or a new stage BR3, on the basis of a more detailed stratigraphic analysis of the materials. Already during the excavation at Moscosi and during the preliminary analysis of the materials, it was particularly evident that new types and new syntaxes were coming to light in the upper stratigraphic units, with innovative elements appearing in the stratigraphic sequence of the RBA2. These seem to be useful indicators of the final stage of the Recent Bronze Age, transitioning into the Final Bronze Age (in particular the Miradolo variety B dagger, the raised twisted handles, the carinated cups with shallow bellies and shoulders decorated with oblique or vertical grooves, the bowls with inward sloping rims decorated with horizontal grooves, and the bowl with an oblique lip decorated with zig-zag grooves).
{"title":"Per una definizione della fase finale del Bronzo Recente di Moscosi di Cingoli: distinzione cronologica e/o “culturale”?","authors":"G. Pignocchi","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focusses on a particular aspect that emerges in the advanced phase of the Recent Bronze Age, namely the sometimes sudden and remarkable appearance of Terramare elements in pottery finds at some sites outside the Terramare area. Although in apparent continuity with the previous period, these finds point to a significant change in pottery production (in terms of type and decorative motives), suggesting changes in the socio-economic order and perhaps in the “ethnic” make-up of some communities. \u0000This is particularly evident in a number of settlements, some geographically distant from each another, namely in the Veneto, Tuscany, Romagna, the Marche, Campania, Puglia and Calabria, as already mentioned by Andrea Cardarelli in particular and other authors. These sites share a number of features regarding production materials, but we do not know whether this is an indication of the same cultural and/or ethnic identity. \u0000The main aim of this article is to analyse the development process of the Recent Bronze Age in Italy, obtaining a more precise definition of the period’s latter part, which marks the direct transition to the Final Bronze Age in the mid-12th century BC. This case study makes part of a wider debate on how to describe this similarity in material culture. We discuss how the relation with “typical” identities (material and ideological) of entities in specific geographical areas during the process of historical evolution between the Recent Bronze Age (RBA) and Final Bronze Age (FBA) can be described as “phase” or “chronological horizon” rather than in terms like culture or facies. \u0000Moscosi di Cingoli, subjected to systematic surveys but only partly published, is an emblematic site in understanding this period. Within the detailed stratigraphic sequence stretching from the Middle Bronze Age 3 (MB3) and continuing through the Recent Bronze Age (RBA), new elements appear at Moscosi that relate to the last occupation of this site. A number of significant elements found here suggest that this period may be a sub-stage of the RBA2, to be divided into RBA2a and RBA2b, or a new stage BR3, on the basis of a more detailed stratigraphic analysis of the materials. \u0000Already during the excavation at Moscosi and during the preliminary analysis of the materials, it was particularly evident that new types and new syntaxes were coming to light in the upper stratigraphic units, with innovative elements appearing in the stratigraphic sequence of the RBA2. These seem to be useful indicators of the final stage of the Recent Bronze Age, transitioning into the Final Bronze Age (in particular the Miradolo variety B dagger, the raised twisted handles, the carinated cups with shallow bellies and shoulders decorated with oblique or vertical grooves, the bowls with inward sloping rims decorated with horizontal grooves, and the bowl with an oblique lip decorated with zig-zag grooves).","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"25 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88536485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11008
F. Santaniello, Vanya Delladio, Anna Ferrazzi, Stefano Grimaldi, A. Pedrotti
Lithic technology is an uncommon research tool for investigating the Neolithic lithic industries of northern Italy. In fact, our knowledge about the lithic industries of this period is mainly related to typological descriptions. The technological study of these fittings found in the Lugo di Grezzana (VR) site highlights the usefulness of this approach and provides evidence to detect technical skills and socio-economic relationships among the early Neolithic groups.
石器技术是研究意大利北部新石器时代石器工业的一种不寻常的研究工具。事实上，我们对这一时期的石器工业的认识主要与类型描述有关。在Lugo di Grezzana (VR)遗址中发现的这些配件的技术研究突出了这种方法的实用性，并为检测新石器时代早期群体之间的技术技能和社会经济关系提供了证据。
{"title":"Nuovi dati sulla tecnologia litica del neolitico antico dell’area padano alpina: i rimontaggi di Lugo di Grezzana (Verona)","authors":"F. Santaniello, Vanya Delladio, Anna Ferrazzi, Stefano Grimaldi, A. Pedrotti","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11008","url":null,"abstract":"Lithic technology is an uncommon research tool for investigating the Neolithic lithic industries of northern Italy. In fact, our knowledge about the lithic industries of this period is mainly related to typological descriptions. The technological study of these fittings found in the Lugo di Grezzana (VR) site highlights the usefulness of this approach and provides evidence to detect technical skills and socio-economic relationships among the early Neolithic groups.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"4 1","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87405666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11002
Francesco Tiboni
The maritime dimension of the different cultures which archaeological research has defined over the years on the shores of the Mediterranean is often considered one of the most interesting elements for understanding how people moved around the Mediterranean basin during ancient times. Particularly for prehistory the need for a better investigation of the naval and nautical dimension of ancient peoples appears nowadays to be extremely urgent due to a lack of information about the Western Mediterranean that determined the birth of a diffusionist theory in accordance with the now surpassed ex oriente lux-theory. The recent development of naval archaeology as a proper discipline, and not just as a branch of maritime archaeology or commercial history, allows us to adopt a new paradigm. The possibility to examine a good number of wrecks as well as the naval iconography of the Mediterranean in the light of the knowledge we have about ancient naval technology is the base of our capability to propose a new interpretation of both the origins and the development of the ancient maritime networks that linked all peoples living around the Mediterranean coasts during the Bronze Age. On the one hand, the study of ancient ships and naval structures permits us to recognise different local traditions that originated in different places as well as to follow their development over the centuries. Further, by tracing their key elements we are able to recognise how and when some of these different traditions started to overlap or disappeared. On the other hand, the analysis of the nautical dimension of the different “cultures” of the Mediterranean, including their maritime commercial activities, nautical technology and wider relationship with the sea, permits us to recognise how, when and why we can start speaking about Levantine and Aegean maritime supremacy in the West. Far from proposing a complete interpretation of these phenomena, this paper will point to the role naval archaeology can play in the study of cultural interactions in the Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. The main aim is to pose some new questions in order to surpass the utilitaristic misuse of the naval dimension of ancient Mediterranean peoples that lived around the Mediterranean shores. This is often at the base of many misinterpretations of the naval role of the great eastern realms as well as of the small local communities of the West.
{"title":"Appunti per lo studio dell’impatto delle attività di navigazione sulla diffusione degli elementi culturali nel Mediterraneo Occidentale dell’età del Bronzo","authors":"Francesco Tiboni","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11002","url":null,"abstract":"The maritime dimension of the different cultures which archaeological research has defined over the years on the shores of the Mediterranean is often considered one of the most interesting elements for understanding how people moved around the Mediterranean basin during ancient times. \u0000Particularly for prehistory the need for a better investigation of the naval and nautical dimension of ancient peoples appears nowadays to be extremely urgent due to a lack of information about the Western Mediterranean that determined the birth of a diffusionist theory in accordance with the now surpassed ex oriente lux-theory. \u0000The recent development of naval archaeology as a proper discipline, and not just as a branch of maritime archaeology or commercial history, allows us to adopt a new paradigm. The possibility to examine a good number of wrecks as well as the naval iconography of the Mediterranean in the light of the knowledge we have about ancient naval technology is the base of our capability to propose a new interpretation of both the origins and the development of the ancient maritime networks that linked all peoples living around the Mediterranean coasts during the Bronze Age. \u0000On the one hand, the study of ancient ships and naval structures permits us to recognise different local traditions that originated in different places as well as to follow their development over the centuries. Further, by tracing their key elements we are able to recognise how and when some of these different traditions started to overlap or disappeared. \u0000On the other hand, the analysis of the nautical dimension of the different “cultures” of the Mediterranean, including their maritime commercial activities, nautical technology and wider relationship with the sea, permits us to recognise how, when and why we can start speaking about Levantine and Aegean maritime supremacy in the West. Far from proposing a complete interpretation of these phenomena, this paper will point to the role naval archaeology can play in the study of cultural interactions in the Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. The main aim is to pose some new questions in order to surpass the utilitaristic misuse of the naval dimension of ancient Mediterranean peoples that lived around the Mediterranean shores. This is often at the base of many misinterpretations of the naval role of the great eastern realms as well as of the small local communities of the West.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82830806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11006
Ilaria Matarese
In the chamber tombs of Murgia Timone (Matera), a considerable amount of Middle Bronze Age 3 pottery came to light that largely fall within the typological panorama of the traditional Apennine facies. However, the study of these finds, through a comparative analysis, made it possible to highlight the presence of other specific pottery types, belonging to the so-called “Punta Le Terrare” facies, recently defined by G. Recchia and C. Ruggini. This paper discusses the material culture of the site of Murgia Timone and analyses how it relates to these two already defined facies. One example is a drinking cup from tomb 2 of Murgia Timone with a handle characterized by a depression at the centre and lateral apexes. For this type, we can find very precise comparisons at Monopoli-Piazza Palmieri, Rissieddi, Le Pazze, Roca and Punta Le Terrare. In the same tomb some bowls with a very recessed rim were also found, two of which have some small vertical segments underneath the rim. This type, attested at Murgia Timone in four examples, is also present in Civita di Paterno (Potenza), but has also comparisons in Puglia, in the sites classified within the “facies of Punta Le Terrare”: Rissieddi, Roca, Egnazia - level IV and at Punta Le Terrare. A pot with a nozzle-handle, found into tombs 1 and 2, is significant for its similarity with artefacts from the upper layer of the Cardini Cave, Cave1 of Latronico and tombs 17 and 22 of the Podere Caravello necropolis. This vessel shape is mainly attested in central and south-western Italy during the Middle Bronze Age, but has been also found at Punta Le Terrare. These data show a distribution of types that does not always coincide with the areas where usually the facies is attested. Murgia Timone is in a key geographical position between the diffusion area of the “facies Punta Le Terrare”, from which it partially takes the pottery models, and the diffusion area of the Apennine facies in northern Puglia, Campania and Calabria. The pottery from Murgia Timone displays moreover numerous similarities with sites in the Tyrrhenian area (for example the Cardini Cave). This paper therefore focuses on a critical point related to the concept of facies: the definition of rigid boundaries does not apparently reflect the real distribution of pottery types, which often go beyond the canonical limits of defined facies. This observation points out that models widely circulate between different geographical and “cultural” areas.
在Murgia Timone (Matera)的室内墓葬中，大量的青铜时代中期陶器被发现，这些陶器在很大程度上属于传统亚平宁相的类型全景。然而，对这些发现的研究，通过比较分析，有可能突出其他特定陶器类型的存在，属于所谓的“Punta Le Terrare”相，最近由G. Recchia和C. Ruggini定义。本文讨论了Murgia Timone遗址的物质文化，并分析了它与这两种已经定义的相的关系。其中一个例子是Murgia Timone墓2中的一个杯子，其手柄的中心和侧面尖顶有凹陷。对于这种类型，我们可以在Monopoli-Piazza Palmieri、Rissieddi、Le Pazze、Roca和Punta Le Terrare找到非常精确的比较。在同一座坟墓中，还发现了一些边缘非常凹陷的碗，其中两个碗的边缘下面有一些小的垂直部分。在Murgia Timone有四个例子证明了这种类型，在Civita di Paterno (Potenza)也有这种类型，但在Puglia也有比较，在“Punta Le Terrare相”分类的地点:Rissieddi, Roca, Egnazia - IV级和Punta Le Terrare。在1号和2号墓葬中发现的一个带有喷嘴手柄的壶，与Cardini洞穴上层、Latronico洞穴1和poere Caravello墓地17号和22号墓葬的人工制品相似，具有重要意义。这种容器的形状主要在青铜时代中期的意大利中部和西南部得到证实，但在Punta Le Terrare也有发现。这些资料显示的类型分布并不总是与通常证实相的区域一致。Murgia Timone位于“Punta Le Terrare相”的扩散区(它部分汲取了该相的陶器模型)和位于普利亚、坎帕尼亚和卡拉布里亚北部的亚平宁相扩散区之间的关键地理位置。Murgia Timone的陶器与第勒尼安地区的遗址(例如Cardini洞穴)有许多相似之处。因此，本文关注的是与相概念相关的一个关键点:刚性边界的定义并不能明显地反映陶器类型的真实分布，而这些类型往往超出了所定义的相的规范界限。这一观察指出，模型在不同的地理和“文化”区域之间广泛流传。
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Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11007
Viviana Germana Mancusi, G. Bonifacio
Preliminary archaeological investigations between Naples and Cancello on the Naples-Bari railway track in October 2014, brought a necropolis to the light that can be dated between the Late Copper Age and the Early Bronze Age. The archeological investigations made it possible to fill an important archaeological gap in Campania as the transition from the Copper Age to the Bronze Age is difficult to document in this area. Thanks to the discovery of the necropolis of Gaudello it has been possible to identify an occupation of the territory by a cultural group that gives life to a very peculiar vascular production which can be read as a full hybridization between Laterza pottery shapes and Bell Beaker and Cetina decorations. Globular shapes are created, with a cap or with a “S”-profile with decorations similar to “dragged comb ware”. Likewise it is highlighted how the people who occupied the Acerra territory, near the Clanis river, were absorptive for external influences and participated in exchange circuits thanks to which inside the tombs halberds and pins from the Cetina aspect and Bell Beaker horizon are found. In this necropolis from the assimilation of the Bell Beaker and Cetina elements arises a real form of “hybridisation”, not enclosable in a typological facies, but which can be defined as a cultural horizon where more types of influences coming from more areas are mixed. The legacy of the previous Laterza horizon is lost, abandoning the material production that was rooted with it, showing, instead, a high degree of absorption of external influences that become an autonomous interpretation and mixture of new models from which arises a different production, related to different cultural matrices. A vast basin of syncretism is created where different elements merge, generating mixtures, interactions and associations between heterogeneous characters that are reworked and taken over by people who decided to use these traits within their own funeral areas.
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Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11003
Eve Derenne, S. Viola, Marie Besse
This article presents the first results of the planned archaeological excavations led by Prof. Marie Besse, head of the Laboratory of prehistoric archaeology and anthropology of the Department F.-A. Forel for environmental and aquatic sciences of the University of Geneva, at the Eremita Cave site between 2012 and 2015. The Eremita Cave is located in the North Italian region of Piedmont, in the heart the calcareous massif of Monte Fenera, near Borgosesia (Vercelli). The Monte Fenera is already well known for its numerous caves, many of which contain archaeological remains chronologically spanning from the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. This particular situation can be explained by two elements: the uniqueness of the massif from a geological perspective when compared to the rest of the area, and its strategic localisation on the southern alpine foothills, that made it a possible stopover for the people transitioning the Alps. The interest of the researchers of the Laboratory of prehistoric archaeology and anthropology was sparked by the mention of the discovery of a bone button attributed to the “eta del Rame” (Copper Age) in the Eremita Cave in the late 1980s by the Gruppo Archeologico e Speleologico di Borgosesia (GASB). The first test trenches confirmed the importance of this archaeological site with the uncovering of a pin and spiralled pearls in bronze in the middle of the cave. Further excavations began in 2013. They allowed the team to point out to two important levels. The first one being US 10, a thin silty level that contains numerous lumps of coal. The second is US 19, a level identified around 40 cm below US 10. It delivered a great amount of animal remains, mostly burned, in association with potsherds and stone blocks, and most importantly bronze finery. Four charcoal samples were sent for radiocarbon dating to Zurich (ETH), one belonging to US 10, one to US 19 in the back of the cave, and two to US 19 around the place of discovery of the pin and pearls. The results showed that US 10 is dated to the Late Bronze Age (ETH-64659, 1013-850 cal BC), and US 19 to the earliest stages of Middle Bronze Age (ETH-64657, 1767-1627 cal BC). They also confirmed that the stratigraphy of the cave was undisturbed. Culturally speaking, the shape of the pin shows affinities with the North of the Alps, while the pottery shapes display similarities with the common cultural ground of the alpine region, mostly Valais and Piedmont. Excavations are being carried on by the University of Geneva. The researchers are aiming at determining the function of the cave, mainly by studying the location of the archaeological structures and remains but also by linking the spatial distribution of potsherds to the reassembled pottery. The typological and technological analysis of the pottery assemblage should allow us to establish the cultural affiliations of the site.
{"title":"I livelli dell’età del Bronzo della Grotta dell’Eremita in Piemonte (Vercelli, Italia): primi dati cronologici e culturali","authors":"Eve Derenne, S. Viola, Marie Besse","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1974-7985/11003","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the first results of the planned archaeological excavations led by Prof. Marie Besse, head of the Laboratory of prehistoric archaeology and anthropology of the Department F.-A. Forel for environmental and aquatic sciences of the University of Geneva, at the Eremita Cave site between 2012 and 2015. \u0000The Eremita Cave is located in the North Italian region of Piedmont, in the heart the calcareous massif of Monte Fenera, near Borgosesia (Vercelli). The Monte Fenera is already well known for its numerous caves, many of which contain archaeological remains chronologically spanning from the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. This particular situation can be explained by two elements: the uniqueness of the massif from a geological perspective when compared to the rest of the area, and its strategic localisation on the southern alpine foothills, that made it a possible stopover for the people transitioning the Alps. \u0000The interest of the researchers of the Laboratory of prehistoric archaeology and anthropology was sparked by the mention of the discovery of a bone button attributed to the “eta del Rame” (Copper Age) in the Eremita Cave in the late 1980s by the Gruppo Archeologico e Speleologico di Borgosesia (GASB). The first test trenches confirmed the importance of this archaeological site with the uncovering of a pin and spiralled pearls in bronze in the middle of the cave. \u0000Further excavations began in 2013. They allowed the team to point out to two important levels. The first one being US 10, a thin silty level that contains numerous lumps of coal. The second is US 19, a level identified around 40 cm below US 10. It delivered a great amount of animal remains, mostly burned, in association with potsherds and stone blocks, and most importantly bronze finery. \u0000Four charcoal samples were sent for radiocarbon dating to Zurich (ETH), one belonging to US 10, one to US 19 in the back of the cave, and two to US 19 around the place of discovery of the pin and pearls. The results showed that US 10 is dated to the Late Bronze Age (ETH-64659, 1013-850 cal BC), and US 19 to the earliest stages of Middle Bronze Age (ETH-64657, 1767-1627 cal BC). They also confirmed that the stratigraphy of the cave was undisturbed. \u0000Culturally speaking, the shape of the pin shows affinities with the North of the Alps, while the pottery shapes display similarities with the common cultural ground of the alpine region, mostly Valais and Piedmont. \u0000Excavations are being carried on by the University of Geneva. The researchers are aiming at determining the function of the cave, mainly by studying the location of the archaeological structures and remains but also by linking the spatial distribution of potsherds to the reassembled pottery. The typological and technological analysis of the pottery assemblage should allow us to establish the cultural affiliations of the site.","PeriodicalId":30393,"journal":{"name":"IpoTESI di Preistoria","volume":"292 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73635189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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