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Discrete Event System Decision: an Approach to the Maintenance Based on Colored Petri Net 离散事件系统决策:基于彩色 Petri 网的维护方法
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.21439/jme.v6i1.113
Josias Guimarães Batista, Maria Liliane Alves da Silva, Rejane Cavalcante Sá, Cícero Roberto Oliveira Moura
Industrial processes, over the years, need to be modernized to reduce costs and maintain product quality. In this context, new tools or techniques have been developed for such an event to further improve industrial processes and the quality of the manufactured product. This paper refers to the application of a graphical and mathematical modeling tool, in this case, the Colored Petri Net (CPN), applied to a corrective maintenance process of a conical machine in the textile industry. That is, thecorrective maintenance process is modeled as a discrete event system for decision-making to identify which task must be performed to perform corrective maintenance. It also presents the operation of CPN for the described process, the general concepts of maintenance applied to the textile industry, the theory about PN, as well as the modeling of the process. The results show the mathematical model of the PN and the CPN graph, modeled for the maintenance process, which will facilitate the understanding of the maintenance process, as well as solve future problems more quickly and with quality. Finally, it is concluded that the model carried out can be used as a decision-making system to facilitate the corrective maintenance process.
多年来,工业流程需要现代化,以降低成本并保持产品质量。为此,人们开发了新的工具或技术,以进一步改进工业流程和制成品的质量。本文介绍的是一种图形和数学建模工具的应用,即彩色 Petri 网(CPN)在纺织行业锥形机器纠正性维护过程中的应用。也就是说,纠正性维护过程被建模为一个离散事件系统,用于决策以确定执行纠正性维护必须执行哪些任务。报告还介绍了所述过程中 CPN 的运行、应用于纺织行业的一般维护概念、PN 理论以及过程建模。研究结果表明,PN 数学模型和 CPN 图是为维护过程建模的,这将有助于对维护过程的理解,以及更快、更高质量地解决未来的问题。最后得出的结论是,所建立的模型可用作决策系统,以促进纠正性维护过程。
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引用次数: 0
Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Star Trek insignia-based side slot edge for ultra-wideband applications 用于超宽带应用的带有星际迷航徽章侧槽边缘的反足维瓦尔第天线
Pub Date : 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.21439/jme.v6i1.112
R. E. Figueredo, Alexandre Maniçoba de Oliveira, João Francisco Justo
This article presents a Vivaldi Antipodal Antenna (AVA) with lens and radiating side cavities based on the Star Trek insignia, called Star Trek Side Edge Radiation (STSER-AVA). The objective was to improve parameters to make the radiation of the proposed antenna more directive. To this aim, the development is focused on reducing the squint of the central radiation beam and the side lobe level (SLL), as well as increasing the gain compared to a Conventional AVA. To achieve the objective, using an optimized design. The proposed antenna with or without a lens reached the target with a squint of -2.0 degrees, at 3.90 GHz the antenna with a lens achieved better gain (9.42 dB), but with a greater reduction in SLL of -10.73 dB compared to the lens less antenna. The results were obtained with computational electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements.
本文以《星际迷航》徽章为基础,介绍了一种带有透镜和辐射侧腔的维瓦尔第反转天线(AVA),称为《星际迷航》侧边辐射天线(STSER-AVA)。其目的是改进参数,使拟议天线的辐射更具指向性。为此,开发工作的重点是减少中央辐射光束的斜视和侧叶电平(SLL),以及提高与传统 AVA 相比的增益。为了实现这一目标,我们采用了优化设计。在 3.90 GHz 频率下,带透镜的天线获得了更好的增益(9.42 dB),但与不带透镜的天线相比,SLL 降低了 -10.73 dB。这些结果是通过计算电磁模拟和实验测量获得的。
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引用次数: 0
A simple arithmetic mean to ensure the convergence of models based on Blade Element Momentum theory applied to Vertical Axis Wind Turbines simulations 基于叶片单元动量理论的一种保证模型收敛的简单算法均值在垂直轴风力机仿真中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.21439/jme.v5i1.100
Francisco Cristovao Maia Gomes, Francisco Frederico dos Santos Matos, Luana Lemos Amaral
The computer models based on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory are able to predict the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines with good accuracy and efficiency. However, these methods may present some convergence difficulties. This work presents the development of a methodology adopting arithmetic mean in situations of flow instability to ensure the convergence of BEM models applied to Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) simulations. This methodology was used in the creation of a program written in Fortran, called FASTEEVSIM. Tests were conducted in a Darrieus wind turbine using NACA0018 and DU06W200 airfoils as blade profiles. A comparison of the results using the FASTEEVSIM with experimental data from well-known literature sources has been done in order to validate the method. When comparing the power coefficients obtained for two types of blade profiles, one symmetrical (NACA0018) and another asymmetrical (DU06W200), the final validationresults showed a mean square deviation of 3.62% and 6.09%, respectively. The results showed that the developed methodology can assist the convergence effectively and that the FASTEEVSIM program is able to predict the performance of VAWT, providing data close to experimental values in a simple and fast way.
基于叶片元动量(BEM)理论的计算机模型能够以较高的精度和效率预测风力机的气动性能。然而,这些方法可能存在一些收敛困难。这项工作提出了一种在流动不稳定情况下采用算术平均值的方法,以确保边界元模型应用于垂直轴风力涡轮机(VAWT)模拟的收敛性。这种方法被用于创建一个用Fortran语言编写的程序,称为FASTEEVSIM。采用NACA0018和DU06W200翼型作为叶片型,在Darrieus风力涡轮机上进行了试验。为了验证该方法的有效性,将fastevsim的计算结果与知名文献的实验数据进行了比较。对比对称型(NACA0018)和非对称型(DU06W200)两种叶型的功率系数,最终验证结果均方差分别为3.62%和6.09%。结果表明,所建立的方法能够有效地辅助VAWT的收敛,并且fastevsim程序能够简单、快速地预测VAWT的性能,提供接近实验值的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Retrofitting in Fabric Finishing Machine - Sanforizadeira 织物整理机的改造- Sanforizadeira
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.21439/jme.v4i2.98
Madson do Nascimento Araújo, Josias Guimarães Batista, André Pimentel Moreira, Danielle Alves Barbosa, Linconl Lobo Da Silva
With the advancement of technology in all fields, mainly in the industrial sector, which is manifested in more modern and self-contained equipment. Many equipment in the industry are obsolete with the electrical and electronic parts, but the mechanical parts are in perfect condition and can often be used for a long time. This paper demonstrates the retrofitting of a fabric finishing machine (Sanforizadeira) in the textile process thet was obsolete. In these conditions, it became necessary to retrofit the automation system. Through the study of the machine and the process, involving the fields of production and mechanical maintenance, the critical points and the improvements that should be implemented were found, thus raising the materials needed to carry out the work. The automation system was modernized, the control panels were replaced and improvements were implemented. The final result was achieved through the objectives outlined in this work, guaranteeing the company a system with considerable improvements, with a reduction in the number of stops and time spent for maintenance. The results were demonstrated by the graphs of the maintenance indicators. Comparing the before and after retrofitting, the following indicators were analyzed for six months: Failure rate, with an average reduction of 50% in the failure rate per hour; Mean time between failures, showed an average increase of 140 hours in the prediction of the next failures; Average time to repair, presented an average reduction of thirteen minutes in the resolution of the failures; Availability, there was a 16% increase in the availability of the machine, leaving the indicator above 90% where the ideal is 100%. Finally, the total cost of the project represented only 9.5% of the total value of a new machine, being also considered a positive result for the work.
随着各领域技术的进步,主要是在工业领域,这表现在设备更加现代化和自成一体。工业中许多设备的电气和电子部件都过时了,但机械部件完好无损,经常可以长时间使用。本文介绍了一种织物整理机(Sanforizadeira)在纺织过程中被淘汰的改造。在这种情况下,有必要对自动化系统进行改造。通过对机器和工艺的研究,涉及到生产和机械维修领域,发现了关键点和需要实施的改进,从而提高了开展工作所需的材料。自动化系统进行了现代化改造,控制面板被更换,并进行了改进。最终的结果是通过这项工作中概述的目标实现的,保证了公司的系统有相当大的改进,减少了停机次数和维护时间。维修指标的曲线图对结果进行了验证。对比改造前后,分析了六个月的以下指标:故障率,每小时故障率平均降低50%;平均故障间隔时间,对下一次故障的预测平均增加了140小时;平均维修时间,在解决故障方面平均减少了13分钟;可用性,机器的可用性增加了16%,使指标高于90%,而理想的是100%。最后,该项目的总成本仅占新机器总价值的9.5%,这也被认为是这项工作的积极成果。
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引用次数: 0
PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ALGAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION 藻类生物柴油生产的前瞻性分析
Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.21439/jme.v4i2.97
M. Reis, M. E. M. Martinez, A. Vasconcellos
This article aims to carry out an initial patent mapping of algal biodiesel. The production of algal biodiesel is one of the forms of third generation biodiesel; it is an environmentally friendly alternative energy whose main advantage is that it does not compete with food, as the algal biodiesel is produced from synthesized lipids by algae in growth using sunlight. The methodology used was the patent mapping by activity having as search criteria: the Espacenet database (“worldwide”); and, the keyword: biodiesel and algae and algal biodiesel. It was observed that about 80% of the family of patent documents referring to this technology were applied between 2007 and 2016 and that these documents were published mainly in China (34% of patent documents), followed by the United States (25% of patent documents) and thirdly, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WO), that is, the PCT's international patent application, which indicates an interest in protection in several countries (15% of patent documents). Concluding that China and the United States are the countries that invest the most in the development and protection of technologies related to the production of algal biodiesel, however, the interest in protection goes beyond these countries, since the interest in alternative energies is worldwide.
本文旨在开展藻类生物柴油的初步专利图谱。藻类生物柴油的生产是第三代生物柴油的形式之一;它是一种环境友好的替代能源,其主要优点是它不会与食物竞争,因为藻类生物柴油是由藻类利用阳光生长合成的脂质生产的。所使用的方法是按活动进行专利映射,其搜索标准为:Espacenet数据库(“全球”);关键词:生物柴油、藻类和藻类生物柴油。研究发现,涉及该技术的专利文件族中约有80%是在2007年至2016年期间申请的,这些文件主要在中国(占专利文件的34%)公布,其次是美国(占专利文件的25%),第三是世界知识产权组织(WO),即PCT的国际专利申请,表明有兴趣在几个国家获得保护(占专利文件的15%)。中国和美国是在开发和保护与藻类生物柴油生产有关的技术方面投资最多的国家,然而,保护的利益超出了这两个国家,因为对替代能源的兴趣是全世界的。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Study of the Leakage Current in Coated Insulators Under Salt-Fog Conditions 盐雾条件下涂覆绝缘子泄漏电流的实验研究
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.21439/jme.v2i3.27
Hugo Linhares Dias Espinola, I. Lopes
The accumulation of contaminants in electrical insulators reduce their performance and may lead to failures. Estimating the degree of pollution of in-service equipment is not a trivial task as the process of contamination depends on several factors. It is necessary to monitor the insulators so that preventive measures can be taken in a timely manner. In this context, this paper aims to study how the amplitude, angular phase and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the leakage current can be used to monitor insulators and how these parameters are affected by the application of hydrophobic coatings. For this purpose, standard uncoated and coated glass insulator samples were subjected to electrical tests in a salt-fog chamber while the leakage current was monitored. The results show that the analyzed parameters provide relevant information about the insulation condition and how the application of hydrophobic coatings results in improvements in the insulator performance.
电绝缘体中污染物的积累会降低其性能并可能导致故障。估计在役设备的污染程度并不是一项简单的任务,因为污染的过程取决于几个因素。有必要对绝缘子进行监测,以便及时采取预防措施。在此背景下,本文旨在研究如何利用泄漏电流的幅值、角相和总谐波失真(THD)来监测绝缘子,以及疏水涂层的应用对这些参数的影响。为此,标准的未涂覆和涂覆玻璃绝缘体样品在盐雾室中进行电气测试,同时监测泄漏电流。结果表明,所分析的参数提供了绝缘子绝缘状况的相关信息,以及疏水涂层的应用如何改善绝缘子的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal control of a planar robot manipulator based on the Linear Quadratic Inverse-Dynamics design 基于线性二次逆动力学设计的平面机器人机械臂最优控制
Pub Date : 2019-07-30 DOI: 10.21439/JME.V2I2.25
Denis Mosconi, A. Siqueira, E. Fonseca
To ensure the correct positioning of the end-effector of robot manipulators is one of the most important objectives of the robotic systems control. Lack of reliability in tracking the reference trajectory, as well as in the desired final positioning compromises the quality of the task to be performed, even causing accidents. The purpose of this work was to propose an optimal controller with an inner loop based on the dynamic model of the manipulator and a feedback loop based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator, in order to ensure that the end effector is in the right place, at the right time. The controller was compared to the conventional PID, presenting better performance, both in the transient response, eliminating overshoot, and steady-state, eliminating the stationary error.
保证机械手末端执行器的正确定位是机器人系统控制的重要目标之一。在跟踪参考轨迹以及期望的最终定位方面缺乏可靠性会影响要执行的任务的质量,甚至会导致事故。本工作的目的是提出一种基于机械臂动力学模型的内环和基于线性二次型调节器的反馈环的最优控制器,以确保末端执行器在正确的时间处于正确的位置。与传统的PID相比,该控制器在瞬态响应中消除超调,在稳态中消除平稳误差方面表现出更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Computer vision systems in unmanned aerial vehicle: a review 无人机计算机视觉系统综述
Pub Date : 2019-07-30 DOI: 10.21439/JME.V2I2.26
Odilon L. C. Mendes, Giovanna Miceli Ronzani Borille
Inspections in areas of difficult access or hostile to the human, pattern recognition, surveillance and monitoring, are some of the many applications in with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), can be a solution, opening up new perspectives for the use of this technology. The navigation and the position of the UAVs can be made by autonomous method through the computational vision, which is a technology of construction of artificial systems capable of read information from images or any multidimensional data and making decisions. This work presents a review of the use of computer vision systems by UAVs, with a focus on its many applications. The main objective is to analyze the latest technologies used for the development of computer vision in UAVs, through the tools of data search, information storage and, mainly, processing and analysis of data. The researches encompasses a publication of recent works, 2011 onwards, from the Science Direct portal. For each work were analyzed the objectives, methodology and results. Based in this analysis, was made a comparison between the techniques and their challenges. From this, future outlook scenarios of UAVs using computational vision are mentioned.
在难以进入或对人类有敌意的地区进行检查,模式识别,监视和监控,是无人机(UAV)的许多应用中的一些,可以成为一种解决方案,为该技术的使用开辟了新的视角。计算视觉是一种构建能够从图像或任何多维数据中读取信息并进行决策的人工系统的技术。这项工作介绍了无人机使用计算机视觉系统的回顾,重点是它的许多应用。主要目标是通过数据搜索、信息存储以及主要是数据处理和分析等工具,分析用于无人机计算机视觉发展的最新技术。这些研究包括2011年以来科学直接门户网站发表的最新作品。对每项工作的目标、方法和结果进行了分析。在此基础上,对这些技术及其面临的挑战进行了比较。在此基础上,展望了无人机应用计算视觉的未来前景。
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引用次数: 3
Non-traditional machining: a review on methods employed in advanced materials treatment 非传统加工:先进材料加工方法综述
Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.21439/JME.V2I1.24
B. Brasil, L. B. Moura, A. R. Rocha Neto
This article guides the reader through the latest publications about non-traditional machining processes, also revealing those which present hybrid methods, developed for promoting bigger efficiency and economic advantage in non-conventional machining execution. There is, also, attention to micromachining, a micrometer scale application in dimensions, but with big prospections in modern industry. International articles published from 2014 to 2019 in knowledge bases of Science Direct, CAPES, MDPI, SAGE and IEEExplore referring to methods and new technologies developed in this field are evaluated. The studies expansion in this segment are necessary since engineering materials or micromachining applications are not well finished by conventional methods and advanced methods can be slow, expensive or even poorly researched since there are no articles that study absolutely all processes. The optimization techniques, however, gives a new vision to maximum utilization possible of the presented techniques.
本文通过对非传统加工工艺的最新出版物进行指导,并揭示了那些为提高非传统加工执行的效率和经济优势而开发的混合方法。微机械加工也受到重视,在尺寸上以微米为尺度,但在现代工业中具有很大的应用前景。对2014 - 2019年在Science Direct、CAPES、MDPI、SAGE和IEEExplore知识库发表的涉及该领域方法和新技术的国际文章进行评价。这一领域的研究扩展是必要的,因为工程材料或微加工应用不能用传统方法很好地完成,而先进的方法可能缓慢、昂贵,甚至研究不足,因为没有研究绝对所有过程的文章。然而,优化技术为最大限度地利用所提出的技术提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 4
Parameter estimation of a lead-acid battery model using genetic algorithm 基于遗传算法的铅酸蓄电池模型参数估计
Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.21439/JME.V2I1.23
D. Freitas, Hugerles S. Silva, E. C. Neto, A. M. N. Lima
Lead-Acid batteries models classifications are shown. The battery model used and its charging and discharging equations are shown. These equations are expanded to find the value of the time constant of this model, which is fixed at a given value. A genetic algorithm is applied to these expanded equations to estimate the value of the time constant. Some battery charging and discharging cycles are used for estimation and validation of the proposed system. A time constant other than the previously set value is found. A simulation study is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed parameter determination method.
铅酸蓄电池型号分类显示。给出了所采用的电池模型及其充放电方程。将这些方程展开,求出该模型的时间常数的值,该时间常数固定在给定值。利用遗传算法对这些展开方程进行时间常数的估计。一些电池充放电循环被用来估计和验证所提出的系统。找到与先前设置的值不同的时间常数。仿真研究证明了所提出的参数确定方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Mechatronics Engineering
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