Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i3.644
R. Souissi
“Anglophone,” “Postcolonial,” Diasporic,” “Transnational,” “Ethnic,” “Multicultural,” “Cosmopolitan,” and “Emergent” are all umbrella terms that are used to lump together writers who write from the fringes of the Western center. Such writers, however various and different their literary productions are, create worlds in their stories and populate them with characters that defy and counteract many Western essentialist misconceptions about their homelands. In this context, and resonating with Salman Rushdie’s seminal statement— “the empire writes back to the center”—and Smaro Kamboureli’s “the diaspora writes back home” (30), I argue that “the emergent” also writes back as a response to the dominant mainstream discourse. This paper seeks to read Khaled Hosseini’s fiction as an exemplar of an emergent narrative that deals with Afghanistan’s ethnic self-history and voices the gory details that can only be perceived and mirrored through the lenses of an insider. Being a diasporic ethnic writer, Hosseini’s fiction discredits the Western ethnohistory that mainly offers an essentialist depiction of the writer’s homeland, typifying, thereby, the colonial discourse as dominant.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i3.641
Ayush Chakraborty, Jagadish Babu M
Any discussion on the concept of ‘difference’ entails within itself the understanding of the subject’s existence in the world through his experience of the ‘other’. What branches out as a result of this encounter is a myriad of possible experiences through which one tries to apprehend the world in which they live. Han Kang’s The Vegetarian, published in Korea in 2007, is in her own words, an attempt to contemplate the ‘spectrum’ that is humanity. To do so, the author delves into a deeper inquiry into the ontology of human existence as validated by the perspective of the other. The three-part novel, narrating the perspectives of three different people in their attempts to understand its principal character, Yeong-hye, provides a broader methodological framework for the author’s exegesis. This paper seeks to engage closely with these narratives to probe a further inquiry into the ethics of subjective expression and its consequent effect on the ‘other’.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i3.637
Lisu Wang
According to the nineteenth-century ideology of separate spheres, women were supposed to avoid the public sphere and to stay at home, as depicted in most artistic and literary representations. Even though much content in her travel writing represented by letters and the journal article ‘French Life’ is about daily living in ordinary foreign societies, I argue that Elizabeth Gaskell is treating some basic questions of human and social values such as class differences and gender distinctions. This paper emphasizes the significance of travel and travel-writing in Gaskell's personal and professional life, examining how her exposure to other cultures shapes her novels and positions her as a cross-cultural literary figure. Combining ESRI technology, I apply the old map (1864, Paris) to it and draw a GIS picture. The route is based on the journal article ‘French Life’ by Gaskell: by comparing it with the locations and landscapes mentioned in Charles Dickens’s The Tale of the Two Cities, I find there is only one overlapping place: Faubourg Saint-Germain. However, the narratives of the two writers about this same place are so different. Multiple layers of mobility are uncovered in ‘French Life’: starting with Gaskell's physical mobility in Paris and the Mohls' residence, followed by an exploration of her social activities within the salon setting as a British writer, and culminating in an analysis of Gaskell's professional development exemplified through her creation during her time with the French families.
根据19世纪的独立领域意识形态，女性应该避开公共领域，呆在家里，就像大多数艺术和文学作品所描绘的那样。尽管以书信和期刊文章《法国生活》(French Life)为代表的她的旅行写作的大部分内容都是关于普通外国社会的日常生活，但我认为，伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔(Elizabeth Gaskell)正在处理一些关于人类和社会价值的基本问题，如阶级差异和性别差异。本文强调旅行和旅行写作在盖斯凯尔个人生活和职业生涯中的重要性，探讨她对其他文化的接触如何塑造她的小说，并将她定位为一个跨文化的文学人物。结合ESRI技术，将旧地图(1864年，巴黎)应用于其上，绘制GIS图。这条路线是根据盖斯凯尔(Gaskell)在杂志上发表的文章《法国生活》(French Life)设计的:通过将它与查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的《双城记》(The Tale of The双城记)中提到的地点和风景进行比较，我发现只有一个地方与之重叠:圣日耳曼郊区。然而，两位作家对同一个地方的叙述却如此不同。在“法国生活”中揭示了多层次的流动性:从Gaskell在巴黎和Mohls住所的身体流动性开始，然后探索她作为英国作家在沙龙环境中的社交活动，最后分析Gaskell在法国家庭期间的创作，以其职业发展为例。
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Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i2.619
Sayan Chattopadhyay
This study delves into the unique qualities that make Korean SF stand out and explores the shortcomings of American productions. By examining the complex themes, stunning visuals, and intricate narratives of selected Korean SF films and web series, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the genre’s current state. My study also highlights the need for a re-evaluation of the traditional formulaic approach to American science fiction and a renewed focus on creative storytelling and thought-provoking concepts. Therefore, through this paper I tried to critically analyze Korean Science Fiction (SF) films and web series from the last decade like Hellbound (2021), Monstrous (2022), Kingdom (2019), Train to Busan (2016), The Host (2006) to keep the study specifically contemporary and relevant, examining their superior plots and how they differ from Western SF films and Web Series. A comparative study is conducted between films and web series in South Korea and America, while trying to answer certain questions linked with the success of South Korean SF films and web series regarding their declining stage of American SF. Moreover, the analysis offers insights into gender and sexuality issues and the influence of neoliberalism in Korean SF. The importance of cultural specificity and originality in SF storytelling is also taken into consideration, adding valuable contribution to the field of SF studies. I’ve based my paper on theories like the reception theory, which allows me to analyze how the audience interprets and engages with literary and media texts which eventually leads me to study reasons behind the success of Korean SF. I’ve also considered the Narrative theory, the Genre theory along with certain generic understandings of cultural studies and postmodernism. The paper uses thematic and cultural analytical processes as its methodology for which the focus throughout, remains highly ideological and at the same time, tries to consider how a story relates to the society and culture from where it originates.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i2.568
V. Ntabo
Plants are fundamental in the transference of semantic aspects that are helpful in structuring maleness in society. As a result, plantosemic metaphors which enhance conceptualization of omosacha (a man) are ubiquitous in Ekegusii. This study employed conceptual mappings to evaluate Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors. The study adopted descriptive research design. First, an interview schedule was utilised to establish the terms used to describe men in Ekegusii from 48 Ekegusii native respondents purposively sampled using the criterion of gender. The collected terms were then subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU) in which four annotators undertook the MIPVU procedure. Through MIPVU, ten metaphors were identified. The study then selected three metaphors that describe a man as a plant hence the Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors for analysis. The study reveals that Ekegusii plantosemic metaphors are critical in validating the culturally assigned roles to men among Abagusii. Moreover, the principle of conceptual mappings is useful in divulging critical issues concerning gender relations between men and women in Gusii. The paper concludes that metaphor is a valuable tool of communication and should be explained using the Cognitive Linguistics framework.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i1.624
Tanmoy Mazumder
Selim Al Deen, a prominent figure in Bengali theatre, questions the hegemony of Western forms in literature through his dvaitadvaita (dualistic dualism) theory and fusion theory of art and literature. Modern art and literature in Bengal, since the beginning of the nineteenth century, was shaped by European art and literature in its form, structure, and content. Modernity imposed literary styles that undermined the potential of Bengal’s own ancient literary traditions, which include the rich rural forms of literature, such as jatragan, palagan, puthi, pachali, geetnatyo, natyogeet, kothokota, etc. The well-defined and static genres of European tradition pushed these literary traditions to the margins of Bengali literature, where these were regarded as forms of low culture or low literature, in contrast to the literary “highs” created through the modern traditions. Selim Al Deen in Bengali theatre and drama counters this modernity by resisting its genre style, structure, form, and content. The subaltern literary forms rooted in rural Bengali tradition and in the lives of marginal people come to the centre in Deen’s literary experimentations since 1980s. Kittonkhola (1985) and Chaka (1991) are two well-known among many such dramatic works by Deen, where attempts to decolonise Bengali theatre and drama through newer forms, structures, subject-matters, and even punctuation are obvious. This paper, by studying Kittonkhola and Chaka, explores Selim Al Deen’s counter-modernist struggle for self-identity of Bengali theatre and drama. Deen’s use of dvaitadvaita style, fusion, and non-western punctuation are, on the one hand, a postcolonial resistance to European modernity and, on the other hand, stylistically postmodern. Further, they symbolise his search for a distinct identity of Bengali theatre.
孟加拉戏剧界的杰出人物塞利姆·迪恩(Selim Al Deen)通过他的二元论(dvaitadvaita)理论和文艺融合理论，质疑西方形式在文学中的霸权。自19世纪初以来，孟加拉的现代艺术和文学在形式、结构和内容上都受到欧洲艺术和文学的影响。现代性强加的文学风格削弱了孟加拉自身古老文学传统的潜力，其中包括丰富的农村文学形式，如jatragan、palagan、puthi、pachali、geetnatyo、natyogeet、kothokota等。欧洲传统中定义明确的静态体裁将这些文学传统推到了孟加拉文学的边缘，在那里，这些文学传统被视为低级文化或低级文学的形式，与通过现代传统创造的文学“高级”形成鲜明对比。孟加拉戏剧和戏剧的Selim Al Deen通过抵制其类型风格，结构，形式和内容来对抗这种现代性。植根于孟加拉农村传统和边缘人群生活的下层文学形式，成为狄恩自20世纪80年代以来文学实验的中心。《基顿霍拉》(1985)和《查卡》(1991)是迪恩众多戏剧作品中著名的两部，它们试图通过更新的形式、结构、主题甚至标点符号来使孟加拉戏剧和戏剧去殖民化，这是显而易见的。本文通过对基通科拉和查卡的研究，探讨塞利姆·迪恩对孟加拉戏剧和戏剧自我认同的反现代主义斗争。迪恩使用的优势风格、融合和非西方标点符号，一方面是对欧洲现代性的后殖民抵抗，另一方面是风格上的后现代。此外，它们象征着他对孟加拉戏剧独特身份的探索。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i1.554
Gurdeep Singh Walia
The idea of gender based inequalities implies that in India, a gap in health, education, economy and political participation occurs between men and women. In India, gender based discrimination is a part and parcel of people’s life. Perhaps, due to this reason, The Global Gender Gap Report of 2013 ranks India high, on the inequality indices. Women have equal rights under the law to own property and receive equal inheritance rights, but in practice, women are at a disadvantage. However, this research paper aims to explore the issue with reference to the chronology of the Indian English Novels, authored by the Indian writers, who preferred English language as the medium of their literary creation. This paper tends to identify the gender based discriminations and their manner of execution in the novels of the prominent novelists of the post-independence era, from mid twentieth century to the present times. The most important reason to consider the post-independent Indian English novelists is that the case studies related to the issues began to intensify after the few decades of the independence. Recently, in the literary, social and electronic media realms the issues, like subjugation and exploitation of women are being openly discussed. Moreover, the present book too has given the place to these gender based issues among the other titles. Though, due to spatial constraints it was not possible to discuss all the writers, but the novels of the prominent Indian English novelist of international repute have been included in this paper.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v4i2.564
Alex K. O.
In the novel, RaagDrabari, Shrilal Shukla explores the little nuances and complexities of the largest democracy in the world, India. This creative work as a political satire explicitly presents the pathetic condition of India by metaphorically presenting a typical Indian village called Shivpalganj. It is a microcosm of Indian villages which are alienated and neglected in terms of modern material outlooks and developments. In India, politics and government are the two important factors that decide the fate of the country. As Gillian Wright points out in her introduction to the translated version of RaagDarbari, ‘politics and government’ are the two integral aspects of this novel. Therefore, the first part of this paper traces the evolution of these two strong pillars of India by focusing on the ideas presented in the novel. And the remaining part elucidates how much India changed since independence in terms of the socio-political and cultural perspectives envisioned by the visionary leaders and shared by common men.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v3i6.544
Priyanka Basu
This paper investigates the representation of mental disorder in the discourse of mental health within Indian society through the analysis of Jerry Pinto’s novel Em and the Big Hoom. The novel captures the experience of living with a family member who suffers from a mental disorder, through the eyes of caregivers. The novel also portrays the present-day mental health care condition in India. Pinto describes language as the only medium to highlight the struggle of people suffering from mental disorders. The puns and jokes and the colloquial terms used by Em in this novel are examined to emphasize the interrelation between mental illness and society. Jokes and puns disclose the unconscious of the human mind and decode the repressed thoughts and desires that are there censored by society. Delusions and memories of Em are also investigated. The theory of Psychoanalysis is applied for this purpose. Utterings of a ‘pagli’ (mad) that is immediately discarded by society get attention from her caregivers. Research about literature on mental illness could contribute to bringing real changes in society and laws related to mental health care and eradicate the stigma associated with mental disorders.
本文通过对杰里·平托的小说《Em and the Big hoo》的分析，探讨心理障碍在印度社会心理健康话语中的表现。这部小说通过看护人的眼睛捕捉到了与患有精神障碍的家庭成员生活在一起的经历。小说还描绘了当今印度的精神卫生保健状况。平托将语言描述为唯一能突出精神障碍患者挣扎的媒介。通过对小说中艾米使用的双关语、笑话和俗语的分析，强调了精神疾病与社会之间的相互关系。笑话和双关语揭示了人类心灵的无意识，并破译了被社会审查的压抑的思想和欲望。妄想和记忆的Em也进行了调查。精神分析理论就是为此目的而应用的。被社会抛弃的“pagli”(疯狂)的话语会引起她的照顾者的注意。对精神疾病文献的研究可以有助于为与精神保健有关的社会和法律带来真正的变化，并消除与精神障碍有关的耻辱。
{"title":"Society and Mental Illness: A Psychoanalytic Exploration into the Memory of a Bipolar Woman","authors":"Priyanka Basu","doi":"10.47631/ijecls.v3i6.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v3i6.544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the representation of mental disorder in the discourse of mental health within Indian society through the analysis of Jerry Pinto’s novel Em and the Big Hoom. The novel captures the experience of living with a family member who suffers from a mental disorder, through the eyes of caregivers. The novel also portrays the present-day mental health care condition in India. Pinto describes language as the only medium to highlight the struggle of people suffering from mental disorders. The puns and jokes and the colloquial terms used by Em in this novel are examined to emphasize the interrelation between mental illness and society. Jokes and puns disclose the unconscious of the human mind and decode the repressed thoughts and desires that are there censored by society. Delusions and memories of Em are also investigated. The theory of Psychoanalysis is applied for this purpose. Utterings of a ‘pagli’ (mad) that is immediately discarded by society get attention from her caregivers. Research about literature on mental illness could contribute to bringing real changes in society and laws related to mental health care and eradicate the stigma associated with mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":304018,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128628952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.47631/ijecls.v3i5.529
Alex K. O.
This paper explores how the ‘sea’ and the ‘sea shore’ bridge the gap between the self and the other by referring to specific critical ideas from the novels Chemmeen by T.S.Pillai and The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway. The aim is to examine the true nature of the ‘self’ that emerges out of fishermen’s communities where their knowledge completely depends on oral tradition. As these men thrive between death and sea, it might seem to be formidable and coarse to many across the globe. But in the light of the comparative study of Chemmeen and The Old Man and the Sea, this paper analyzes how the concept of ‘self’ from the coast helps us to eliminate the ‘indomitable other’. The analysis highlights the impact of fishermen’s practical wisdom in minimizing the notion of the 'other' under the rubric of the modern philosophical term 'Empirical Philosophy. Sometimes the concept of ‘the other’ is formed from an extension of our fear and anxiety over our existence and position. The image of ‘Giant Marlin’ in The Old Man and The Sea, teaches about the presence of giant beasts in our life.
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