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Orbital angular momentum due to modes interference 轨道角动量模干涉
Pub Date : 2020-08-09 DOI: 10.37190/OA210105
I. Rondón, F. Soto-Eguibar
We present generalized expressions to calculate the orbital angular momentum for invariant beams using scalars potentials. The solutions can be separated into transversal electric TE, transversal magnetic TM and transversal electromagnetic TE/TM polarization modes. We show that the superposition of non-paraxial vectorial beams with axial symmetry can provide a well defined orbital angular momentum and that the modes superposition affects the angular momentum flux density. The results are illustrated and analyzed for Bessel beams.
给出了用标量势计算不变光束轨道角动量的广义表达式。解决方案可分为横向电TE、横向磁TE和横向电磁TE/TM极化模式。我们证明了具有轴对称的非近轴矢量光束的叠加可以提供一个定义良好的轨道角动量,并且模态叠加影响角动量通量密度。对贝塞尔梁的计算结果进行了说明和分析。
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引用次数: 1
High-frequency GaAs optomechanical bullseye resonator 高频砷化镓光机械牛眼谐振器
Pub Date : 2020-08-08 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024511
N. Carvalho, R. Benevides, M. Ménard, G. Wiederhecker, N. Frateschi, T. Alegre
The integration of optomechanics and optoelectronics in a single device opens new possibilities for developing information technology and exploring fundamental phenomena. Gallium arsenide is a well-known material that can bridge the gap between the functionalities of optomechanical devices and optical gain media. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high-frequency GaAs optomechanical resonator with a ring-type bullseye geometry that is unprecedented in this platform. We measured mechanical modes up to 3.4 GHz with quality factors of 4000 (at 77 K) and reached optomechanical coupling rates up to 39 kHz at telecom wavelengths. The temperature dependence of mechanical losses was assessed and demonstrate the efficiency and anisotropy resilience of the bullseye anchor loss suppression. Such characteristics are valuable for active optomechanics, coherent microwave-to-optics conversion via piezo-mechanics and other implementations of high-frequency oscillators in III-V materials.
将光机械学和光电子学整合到单一器件中,为开发信息技术和探索基本现象提供了新的可能性。砷化镓是一种众所周知的材料,可以弥补光机械装置和光学增益介质之间的功能差距。在这里,我们通过实验展示了一种高频砷化镓光机械谐振器,其环形牛眼几何形状在该平台中是前所未有的。我们测量了高达 3.4 GHz 的机械模式,其品质因数为 4000(77 K 时),电信波长下的光机械耦合率高达 39 kHz。对机械损耗的温度依赖性进行了评估,证明了牛眼锚损耗抑制的效率和各向异性复原能力。这些特性对于主动光学机械、通过压电机械实现微波到光学的相干转换以及在 III-V 材料中实现其他高频振荡器非常有价值。
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引用次数: 3
Transfer of a levitating nanoparticle between optical tweezers 悬浮纳米粒子在光镊之间的转移
Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024432
M. Calamai, A. Ranfagni, F. Marin
We demonstrate and characterize the transfer of a levitating silica nanosphere between two optical tweezers, at low pressure. Both optical traps are mounted on the heads of optical fibers and placed on translation stages in vacuum chambers. Our setup allows to physically separate the particle loading environment from the experimental chamber, where the second tweezer can position the particle inside a high Finesse optical cavity. The separation prevents from spoiling the cavity mirrors and the chamber cleanliness during the particle loading phase. Our system provides a very reliable and simply reproducible protocol for preparing cavity optomechanics experiments with levitating nanoparticles, opening the way to systematic studies of quantum phenomena and easing the realization of sensing devices.
我们演示并表征了悬浮二氧化硅纳米球在低压下在两个光镊之间的转移。两个光阱都安装在光纤的头部,并放置在真空室的平移台上。我们的设置允许将粒子加载环境与实验室物理分离,其中第二个镊子可以将粒子定位在高Finesse光学腔内。在颗粒加载阶段,这种分离防止破坏腔镜和腔室的清洁度。该系统为制备悬浮纳米粒子的空腔光力学实验提供了一种非常可靠且易于复制的方案,为量子现象的系统研究开辟了道路,并简化了传感器件的实现。
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引用次数: 6
Free-form broadband flat lenses for visible imaging 用于可见光成像的自由形式宽带平面透镜
Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.1364/osac.418378
Monjurul Meem, Apratim Majumder, R. Menon
In the absence of separate apertures, the size and focal length of a lens determines both its resolution and light-collection ability defined by numerical-aperture (NA) and f/#, respectively. We utilize free-form broadband-diffractive-optical elements (BDOEs) to create flat lenses that decouple NA from f#, whereby the resolution of the lens may be chosen independently from its light-collection ability. Specifically, we designed, fabricated and characterized three BDOE lenses operating in the visible band (450nm-750nm), each with f/11.25, but with NAs of 0.00075, 0.0067 and 0.054, respectively. Simulations confirm that such decoupling is possible even at much higher NAs. Experiments confirm achromatic focusing and broadband imaging. One of the lenses exhibited a depth-of-focus almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than the diffraction limit. Such BDOE lenses could be very useful in focal-plane arrays with large pixel sizes, where light collection efficiency needs to be maintained. Furthermore, by abandoning rotational symmetry, one can achieve free-form geometries in the focal spot, such as a square that can more closely match the geometry of the sensor pixel.
在没有单独光圈的情况下,镜头的大小和焦距分别决定了它的分辨率和由数字光圈(NA)和f/#定义的集光能力。我们利用自由形式的宽带衍射光学元件(bdo)来创建平面透镜,将NA从f#中解耦,从而透镜的分辨率可以独立于其光收集能力进行选择。具体来说,我们设计、制作并表征了三个工作在可见光波段(450nm-750nm)的BDOE镜头,每个镜头的f/11.25,但NAs分别为0.00075、0.0067和0.054。模拟证实,即使在更高的na下,这种解耦也是可能的。实验证实了消色差聚焦和宽带成像。其中一个透镜的焦深几乎比衍射极限大2个数量级。这种BDOE透镜在需要保持光收集效率的大像素焦平面阵列中非常有用。此外,通过放弃旋转对称,人们可以在焦点上获得自由形状的几何形状,例如可以更紧密地匹配传感器像素的几何形状的正方形。
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引用次数: 3
On optical transmittance of ultra diluted gas 超稀释气体的透光率
Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-59790/v1
J. M. Ratajczak
The paper proposes a model of optical transmittance of ultra diluted gas taking into account gas particles non-locality, the quantum effect of wave function spreading derived from solving the Schr ̈odinger equation for a free particle. A significant increase in the transmittance of such gas is envisaged as compared to the classical predictions. Some quantitative and qualitative consequences of the model are indicated and falsifying experiments are proposed. The classic Beer-Lambert law equation within range of its applicability is derived from the model. Remarks to some astrophysical phenomena and possible interpretations of Quantum Mechanics are made. An experiment consistent with the predictions of this model is referenced.
通过求解自由粒子的Schr ø odinger方程,提出了一种考虑粒子非定域性、波函数扩散量子效应的超稀释气体透光率模型。与经典预测相比,预计这种气体的透光率将显著增加。指出了该模型的一些定量和定性结果,并提出了证伪实验。在该模型的适用范围内,导出了经典的比尔-朗伯定律方程。对一些天体物理现象和量子力学的可能解释作了说明。并引用了一个与该模型预测相一致的实验。
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引用次数: 2
Spatial optical mode demultiplexing as a practical tool for optimal transverse distance estimation 空间光模解复用作为最优横向距离估计的实用工具
Pub Date : 2020-08-05 DOI: 10.1364/optica.404746
P. Boucher, C. Fabre, G. Labroille, N. Treps
We present the experimental implementation of simultaneous spatial multimode demultiplexing as a distance measurement tool. We first show a simple and intuitive derivation of the Fisher information in the presence of Poissonian noise. We then estimate the distance between two incoherent beams in both directions of the transverse plane, and find a perfect accordance with theoretical prediction, given a proper calibration of the demultiplexer. We find that, even though sensitivity is limited by the cross-talks between channels, we can perform measurements in 2 dimensions much beyond Rayleigh limit with a large dynamic.
我们提出了同步空间多模解复用作为距离测量工具的实验实现。我们首先给出了在泊松噪声存在下的费雪信息的一个简单而直观的推导。然后,我们估计了两个非相干光束在横向平面两个方向上的距离,并在给定适当的解复用器校准的情况下,找到了与理论预测完全一致的距离。我们发现,尽管灵敏度受到通道间串扰的限制,但我们可以在远超过瑞利极限的二维空间进行大动态测量。
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引用次数: 34
HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMAL PHOTONICS 高温热光子学
Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.2020032805
Xueji Wang, R. Starko-Bowes, C. Khandekar, Z. Jacob
Controlling and detecting thermal radiation is of vital importance for varied applications ranging from energy conversion systems and nanoscale information processing devices to infrared imaging, spectroscopy and sensing. We review the field of high temperature thermal photonics which aims to control the spectrum, polarization, tunability, switchability and directionality of heat radiation from engineered materials in extreme environments. We summarize the candidate materials which are being pursued by the community that have simultaneous polaritonic/plasmonic properties as well as high temperature stability. We also provide a detailed discussion of the common photonic platforms including meta-gratings, photonic crystals, and metamaterials used for thermal emission engineering. We review broad applications including thermophotovoltaics, high temperature radiative cooling, thermal radiation sources, and noisy nanoscale thermal devices. By providing an overview of the recent achievements in this field, we hope this review can accelerate progress to overcome major outstanding problems in modern thermal engineering.
控制和检测热辐射对于各种应用至关重要,从能量转换系统和纳米级信息处理设备到红外成像、光谱和传感。本文综述了高温热光子学领域的研究进展,该领域旨在控制极端环境下工程材料热辐射的光谱、极化、可调性、可切换性和方向性。我们总结了目前学界正在研究的具有同时极化/等离子体特性和高温稳定性的候选材料。我们还详细讨论了常见的光子平台,包括元光栅、光子晶体和用于热发射工程的超材料。我们回顾了广泛的应用,包括热光伏,高温辐射冷却,热辐射源和噪声纳米级热器件。通过对这一领域的最新进展进行综述,我们希望这篇综述能够加速克服现代热工中主要突出问题的进展。
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引用次数: 4
Cavity-enhanced broadband photonic Rabi oscillation 腔增强宽带光子拉比振荡
Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVA.103.033709
R. Ikuta, Toshiki Kobayashi, T. Yamazaki, N. Imoto, Takashi Yamamoto
A coherent coupling among different energy photons provided by nonlinear optical interaction is regarded as a photonic version of the Rabi oscillation. Cavity enhancement of the nonlinearity reduces energy requirement significantly and pushes the scalability of the frequency-encoded photonic circuit based on the photonic Rabi oscillation. However, confinement of the photons in the cavity severely limits the number of interactable frequency modes. Here we demonstrate a wide-bandwidth and efficient photonic Rabi oscillation achieving full-cycle oscillation based on a cavity-enhanced nonlinear optical interaction with a monolithic integration. We also show its versatile manipulation beyond the frequency degree of freedom such as an all-optical control for polarizing photons with geometric phase. Our results will open up full control accessible to synthetic dimensional photonic systems over wide frequency modes as well as a large-scale photonic quantum information processing.
非线性光相互作用提供的不同能量光子之间的相干耦合被认为是拉比振荡的光子版本。非线性的空腔增强显著降低了能量需求,促进了基于光子拉比振荡的频率编码光子电路的可扩展性。然而,光子在腔中的限制严重限制了可交互频率模式的数量。在这里,我们展示了基于腔增强非线性光学相互作用与单片集成实现全周期振荡的宽带和高效光子拉比振荡。我们还展示了它的多用途操作超出了频率自由度,如对具有几何相位的偏振光子的全光控制。我们的研究结果将为宽频率模式下的合成维度光子系统以及大规模光子量子信息处理提供全面控制。
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引用次数: 2
Silicon integrated microwave photonic beamformer 硅集成微波光子波束发生器
Pub Date : 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.391521
Chen Zhu, Liangjun Lu, Wensheng Shan, Weihan Xu, Gangqiang Zhou, Linjie Zhou, Jianping Chen
Optical beamforming networks (OBFNs) based on optical true time delay lines (OTTDLs) are well-known as the promising candidate to solve the bandwidth limitation of traditional electronic phased array antennas (PAAs) due to beam squinting. Here we report the first monolithic 1x8 microwave photonic beamformer based on switchable OTTDLs on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The chip consists of a modulator, an eight-channel OBFN, and 8 photodetectors, which includes hundreds of active and passive components in total. It has a wide operating bandwidth from 8 to 18 GHz, which is almost two orders larger than that of electronic PAAs. The beam can be steered to 31 distinguishable angles in the range of -75.51° to 75.64° based on the beam pattern calculation with the measured RF response. The response time for beam steering is 56 {mu}s. These results represent a significant step towards the realization of integrated microwave photonic beamformers that can satisfy compact size and low power consumption requirements for the future radar and wireless communication systems.
基于光真时间延迟线的波束形成网络(OBFNs)被认为是解决传统电子相控阵天线(PAAs)因波束斜视而造成的带宽限制的理想选择。在这里,我们报道了第一个基于绝缘体上硅的可切换otdl的单片1x8微波光子波束形成器。该芯片由一个调制器、一个8通道OBFN和8个光电探测器组成,总共包括数百个有源和无源元件。它具有8 ~ 18 GHz的宽工作带宽,比电子PAAs的工作带宽几乎大两个数量级。根据测得的射频响应计算出的波束方向图,可以将波束导向-75.51°至75.64°范围内的31个可区分的角度。波束导向的响应时间为56 {mu}s。这些结果代表了实现集成微波光子波束形成器的重要一步,可以满足未来雷达和无线通信系统的紧凑尺寸和低功耗要求。
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引用次数: 46
BiOBr 2D materials for integrated nonlinear photonics devices 集成非线性光子器件用BiOBr二维材料
Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2546243
L. Jia, Dandan Cui, Jiayang Wu, Haifeng Feng, Yunyi Yang, Tieshan Yang, Yang Qua, Y. Duc, W. Hao, B. Jia, D. Moss
As a new group of advanced 2D layered materials, bismuth oxyhalides, i.e., BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I), have recently become of great interest. In this work, we characterize the third-order optical nonlinearities of BiOBr, an important member of the BiOX family. The nonlinear absorption and Kerr nonlinearity of BiOBr nanoflakes at both 800 nm and 1550 nm are characterized via the Z-Scan technique. Experimental results show that BiOBr nanoflakes exhibit a large nonlinear absorption coefficient = b{eta} = 10-7 m/W as well as a large Kerr coefficient n2 = 10-14 m2/W. We also note that the n2 of BiOBr reverses sign from negative to positive as the wavelength is changed from 800 nm to 1550 nm. We further characterize the thickness-dependent nonlinear optical properties of BiOBr nanoflakes, finding that the magnitudes of b{eta} and n2 increase with decreasing thickness of the BiOBr nanoflakes. Finally, we integrate BiOBr nanoflakes into silicon integrated waveguides and measure their insertion loss, with the extracted waveguide propagation loss showing good agreement with mode simulations based on ellipsometry measurements. These results confirm the strong potential of BiOBr as a promising nonlinear optical material for high-performance hybrid integrated photonic devices.
氧化卤化铋,即bioxx (X = Cl, Br, I),作为一类新型的先进二维层状材料,近年来引起了人们的极大兴趣。在这项工作中,我们表征了BiOBr的三阶光学非线性,BiOBr是BiOX家族的重要成员。利用Z-Scan技术对BiOBr纳米片在800 nm和1550 nm的非线性吸收和Kerr非线性进行了表征。实验结果表明,BiOBr纳米片具有较大的非线性吸收系数= b{eta} = 10-7 m/W和较大的克尔系数n2 = 10-14 m2/W。我们还注意到,当波长从800 nm变为1550 nm时,BiOBr的n2由负向正反转。我们进一步表征了BiOBr纳米片厚度相关的非线性光学性质,发现b{eta}和n2的大小随着BiOBr纳米片厚度的减小而增加。最后,我们将BiOBr纳米片集成到硅集成波导中,并测量了其插入损耗,提取的波导传播损耗与基于椭偏测量的模式模拟结果吻合良好。这些结果证实了BiOBr作为高性能混合集成光子器件的非线性光学材料的强大潜力。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
arXiv: Optics
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