Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.004
Jaan Tallinn, Richard Ngo
{"title":"Automating Supervision of AI Delegates","authors":"Jaan Tallinn, Richard Ngo","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121110406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Regulation of the European Union on Artificial Intelligence: Fuzzy Ethics Diffuse into Domestic Law and Sideline International Law","authors":"T. Burri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3865149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3865149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130732252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.028
Matthias Paul
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Financial Services: New Risks and the Need for More Regulation?","authors":"Matthias Paul","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132179573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.037
D. Lewis
{"title":"On 'Responsible AI' in War: Exploring Preconditions for Respecting International Law in Armed Conflict","authors":"D. Lewis","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123009436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.014
Jonathan Zittrain
The boxes for prescription drugs typically include an insert of tissue-thin paper folded as tight as origami. For the bored or the preternaturally curious who unfurl it, there ’ s a sketch of the drug ’ s molecular structure using a notation that harkens to high school chemistry, along with ‘ Precautions ’ and ‘ Dosage and Administration ’ and ‘ How Supplied ’ . And for many drugs, under ‘ Clinical Pharmacology ’ , one fi nds a sentence like this one for the wakefulness drug Provigil, after the subheading ‘ Mechanism of Action ’ : ‘ The mechanism(s) through which moda fi nil promotes wakefulness is unknown. ’ 1 That sentence alone might provoke wakefulness without assistance from the drug. How is it that something could be so studied and scrutinized to fi nd its way to regulatory approval and widespread prescribing, while we don ’ t know how it works?
处方药的盒子里通常有一张薄纸，折叠得像折纸一样紧。对于那些无聊或好奇的人来说，打开它，有一个药物分子结构的草图，用一种类似高中化学的符号，以及“注意事项”、“剂量和给药”和“供应方式”。对于许多药物，在“临床药理学”一栏中，人们会发现类似于醒药Provigil的句子，在副标题“作用机制”之后:“moda fi nil促进清醒的机制是未知的。”这句话本身就可能在没有药物帮助的情况下引起清醒。在我们不知道它是如何起作用的情况下，如何对某些东西进行如此深入的研究和审查，以找到监管部门批准和广泛开处方的方法?
{"title":"Intellectual Debt: With Great Power Comes Great Ignorance","authors":"Jonathan Zittrain","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.014","url":null,"abstract":"The boxes for prescription drugs typically include an insert of tissue-thin paper folded as tight as origami. For the bored or the preternaturally curious who unfurl it, there ’ s a sketch of the drug ’ s molecular structure using a notation that harkens to high school chemistry, along with ‘ Precautions ’ and ‘ Dosage and Administration ’ and ‘ How Supplied ’ . And for many drugs, under ‘ Clinical Pharmacology ’ , one fi nds a sentence like this one for the wakefulness drug Provigil, after the subheading ‘ Mechanism of Action ’ : ‘ The mechanism(s) through which moda fi nil promotes wakefulness is unknown. ’ 1 That sentence alone might provoke wakefulness without assistance from the drug. How is it that something could be so studied and scrutinized to fi nd its way to regulatory approval and widespread prescribing, while we don ’ t know how it works?","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126866737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.031
C. Krönke
{"title":"\"Hey Siri, How Am I Doing?\": Legal Challenges for Artificial Intelligence Alter Egos in Healthcare","authors":"C. Krönke","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114772655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.032
P. Kellmeyer
{"title":"'Neurorights': A Human Rights-Based Approach for Governing Neurotechnologies","authors":"P. Kellmeyer","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126162288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.023
Boris P. Paal
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence as a Challenge for Data Protection Law: And Vice Versa","authors":"Boris P. Paal","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122957181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.036
A. Leveringhaus
{"title":"Morally Repugnant Weaponry?: Ethical Responses to the Prospect of Autonomous Weapons","authors":"A. Leveringhaus","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114706482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781009207898.007
Christoph Durt
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing yet much misunderstood technology. Vastly different definitions of AI, ranging from AI as a mere tool to an intelligent being, give rise to contradicting assessments of the possibilities and dangers of AI. A clearer concept of AI is needed to come to a better understanding of the possibilities of responsible governance of AI. In particular, the relation of AI to the world we live in needs to be clarified. This chapter shows that AI integrates into the human lifeworld much more thoroughly than other technology, and that the integration needs to be understood within a wider picture. The reasons for the unclear concept of AI do not merely lie in AI’s novelty, but also in the fact that it is an extraordinary technology. This chapter will take a fresh look at the unique nature of AI. The concept of AI here is restricted to computational systems: hardand software that make up devices and applications which may but do not usually resemble humans. This chapter rejects the common assumption that AI is necessarily a simulation or even replication of humans or of human capacities and explains that what distinguishes AI from other technologies is rather its special relation to the world we live in. The world we live in includes ordinary physical nature, which humans have been extensively changing with the help of technology – in constructive and in destructive ways. Human life is constantly becoming more bound to technology, up to the degree that the consequences of the use of technology threaten the most fundamental conditions of life on earth. Even small conveniences provided by technology, such as taking a car or plane instead of a bicycle or public transportation, matter more to most of us than the environmental damage they cause. Our dependence on technology has become so self-evident that a standard answer to the problems caused by technology is that they will be taken care of by future technology. Technology is not only changing the physical world, however, and this chapter elaborates why this is especially true for AI. The world we live in is also what philosophers since Edmund
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Its Integration into the Human Lifeworld","authors":"Christoph Durt","doi":"10.1017/9781009207898.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207898.007","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing yet much misunderstood technology. Vastly different definitions of AI, ranging from AI as a mere tool to an intelligent being, give rise to contradicting assessments of the possibilities and dangers of AI. A clearer concept of AI is needed to come to a better understanding of the possibilities of responsible governance of AI. In particular, the relation of AI to the world we live in needs to be clarified. This chapter shows that AI integrates into the human lifeworld much more thoroughly than other technology, and that the integration needs to be understood within a wider picture. The reasons for the unclear concept of AI do not merely lie in AI’s novelty, but also in the fact that it is an extraordinary technology. This chapter will take a fresh look at the unique nature of AI. The concept of AI here is restricted to computational systems: hardand software that make up devices and applications which may but do not usually resemble humans. This chapter rejects the common assumption that AI is necessarily a simulation or even replication of humans or of human capacities and explains that what distinguishes AI from other technologies is rather its special relation to the world we live in. The world we live in includes ordinary physical nature, which humans have been extensively changing with the help of technology – in constructive and in destructive ways. Human life is constantly becoming more bound to technology, up to the degree that the consequences of the use of technology threaten the most fundamental conditions of life on earth. Even small conveniences provided by technology, such as taking a car or plane instead of a bicycle or public transportation, matter more to most of us than the environmental damage they cause. Our dependence on technology has become so self-evident that a standard answer to the problems caused by technology is that they will be taken care of by future technology. Technology is not only changing the physical world, however, and this chapter elaborates why this is especially true for AI. The world we live in is also what philosophers since Edmund","PeriodicalId":306343,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128127130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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