Monica Rahardian Ary Helmina, Pusvita Indria Mei Susilowati, Alfian Misran
Peatland is a unique, marginal, and fragile ecosystem. Its utilization must be based on thorough research and planning, and it needs supports from everyone. Yards, fields, and gardens are the forms that the community generally uses to utilize peatlands. This research aims to assess community's activities in the peatlands as their source of living and income. This research was conducted in Indonesia, specifically in the Province of South Kalimantan within an area with the biggest peatland contour. Descriptive data research was analyzed using thematic, socio-economic, and SWOT analysis. Research finding showed that farming is the suitable source of livelihood in the peatlands, besides plantation and other fields. The highest income from non-land activities on the peatlands are from entrepreneurship, physical service, and animal husbandry. People's general livelihood are as farmers whose prior commodity is with bigger average income than the province minimum wage per month. This is expected to describe that income from peatlands can make the ends meet of the community. This can also increase farmer's knowledge in cultivating their lands, the choice of plant type that is suitable with biophysical conditions of the peatlands. To work on the limit of the community's knowledge, activities and solutions from the experts on how to deal with farmer's problems in cultivating peatlands, are needed. Agroforestry technique is very suitable to analyze the source of livelihood. As forms to reserve lands in a farming world, the use of husk charcoal is also suggested. It has abundant benefits. It is often used for soil loosening, even for composting. Farmers make use of it for making compost, bokashi, Takakura, planting media, and seedbed media.
{"title":"Swot Analysis of Peatland Utilization Assessment for Community (Case Study at Banjar Regency of South Kalimantan)","authors":"Monica Rahardian Ary Helmina, Pusvita Indria Mei Susilowati, Alfian Misran","doi":"10.20527/jwem.v10i1.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v10i1.277","url":null,"abstract":"Peatland is a unique, marginal, and fragile ecosystem. Its utilization must be based on thorough research and planning, and it needs supports from everyone. Yards, fields, and gardens are the forms that the community generally uses to utilize peatlands. This research aims to assess community's activities in the peatlands as their source of living and income. This research was conducted in Indonesia, specifically in the Province of South Kalimantan within an area with the biggest peatland contour. Descriptive data research was analyzed using thematic, socio-economic, and SWOT analysis. Research finding showed that farming is the suitable source of livelihood in the peatlands, besides plantation and other fields. The highest income from non-land activities on the peatlands are from entrepreneurship, physical service, and animal husbandry. People's general livelihood are as farmers whose prior commodity is with bigger average income than the province minimum wage per month. This is expected to describe that income from peatlands can make the ends meet of the community. This can also increase farmer's knowledge in cultivating their lands, the choice of plant type that is suitable with biophysical conditions of the peatlands. To work on the limit of the community's knowledge, activities and solutions from the experts on how to deal with farmer's problems in cultivating peatlands, are needed. Agroforestry technique is very suitable to analyze the source of livelihood. As forms to reserve lands in a farming world, the use of husk charcoal is also suggested. It has abundant benefits. It is often used for soil loosening, even for composting. Farmers make use of it for making compost, bokashi, Takakura, planting media, and seedbed media.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research had two objectives. The first objective was to quantity the carbon emissions from fires of various types of tropical wetland vegetation using Sentinel-2 imagery. The second objective was to measure how long the carbon stock will recover using Sentinel-2 imagery. Burned areas were extracted automatically using the Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR). Calculation of carbon emissions and carbon sequestrations were carried out by measuring the differences in Above Ground Biomass (AGB) before the fires, right after the fires, and a few months after the vegetation re-grows after the fires. Therefore, multitemporal Sentinel-2 MSI imageries from three different times are required. All imageries processing was carried out using the ESA SNAP software. The results showed that tropical wetland fires emited an average of 121.61 Mg C/ha, or equivalent to 445.9 Mg CO2/ha. Furthermore, tropical wetlands had an average rate of about 9.27 months to restore their carbon stocks to their pre-burnt state. Peatland forests took the longest time to recover to its original carbon stock state after burning, which was almost 22 years to recover.
{"title":"Remote Sensing-Based Assessment of How Much Tropical Wetland Fires Contribute to Carbon Emissions and How Fast the Carbon Recovering Is","authors":"A. Fithria, Syamani D. Ali, A. A. Rezekiah","doi":"10.20527/jwem.v10i1.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v10i1.274","url":null,"abstract":"This research had two objectives. The first objective was to quantity the carbon emissions from fires of various types of tropical wetland vegetation using Sentinel-2 imagery. The second objective was to measure how long the carbon stock will recover using Sentinel-2 imagery. Burned areas were extracted automatically using the Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR). Calculation of carbon emissions and carbon sequestrations were carried out by measuring the differences in Above Ground Biomass (AGB) before the fires, right after the fires, and a few months after the vegetation re-grows after the fires. Therefore, multitemporal Sentinel-2 MSI imageries from three different times are required. All imageries processing was carried out using the ESA SNAP software. The results showed that tropical wetland fires emited an average of 121.61 Mg C/ha, or equivalent to 445.9 Mg CO2/ha. Furthermore, tropical wetlands had an average rate of about 9.27 months to restore their carbon stocks to their pre-burnt state. Peatland forests took the longest time to recover to its original carbon stock state after burning, which was almost 22 years to recover.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73217358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing rice production with the use of high-yielding varieties and proper plant spacing must consider the environmental aspect. Organic agriculture is an effort to accelerate the cultivation techniques with environmental health, in addition, the research site is a tidal land that has been cultivating rice organically since 2009. The research aimed to study the growth and yield of superior varieties and new plant type of rice on various cropping systems in tidal land. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Center for Protection of Food Crops and Horticulture, Sungai Tabuk District, Banjar Regency. The experimental design was a split-plot with three replications. The main plot were s1 = Tile System, s2 = Legowo System 2:1, s3 = Legowo System 8:1 cropping systems and subplots were v1= Ciherang, v2= Mekongga, v3= IPB Batola 6R, v4= IPB 3S varieties. The experimental unit was a plot with a size of 10 m2. The results showed that there was no interaction between cropping systems and rice varieties. The main plot of cropping system Legowo 2:1 showed the best percentage of filled grain per panicle (87%). Sub-plot of rice varieties affected some plant growth and yield variables. Superior varieties Ciherang and Mekongga had more tillers and panicles per clump. The new plant type varieties showed a greater number of grains per panicle and tended to have a better percentage of filled grains per panicle and a weight of 1,000 grains.
{"title":"The Study of Superior Varieties and New Plant Types of Rice on Various Organic Cropping Systems in Tidal Land","authors":"Muhammad Safi'e, Hilda Susanti, D. Adriani","doi":"10.20527/jwem.v10i1.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v10i1.282","url":null,"abstract":" Increasing rice production with the use of high-yielding varieties and proper plant spacing must consider the environmental aspect. Organic agriculture is an effort to accelerate the cultivation techniques with environmental health, in addition, the research site is a tidal land that has been cultivating rice organically since 2009. The research aimed to study the growth and yield of superior varieties and new plant type of rice on various cropping systems in tidal land. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Center for Protection of Food Crops and Horticulture, Sungai Tabuk District, Banjar Regency. The experimental design was a split-plot with three replications. The main plot were s1 = Tile System, s2 = Legowo System 2:1, s3 = Legowo System 8:1 cropping systems and subplots were v1= Ciherang, v2= Mekongga, v3= IPB Batola 6R, v4= IPB 3S varieties. The experimental unit was a plot with a size of 10 m2. The results showed that there was no interaction between cropping systems and rice varieties. The main plot of cropping system Legowo 2:1 showed the best percentage of filled grain per panicle (87%). Sub-plot of rice varieties affected some plant growth and yield variables. Superior varieties Ciherang and Mekongga had more tillers and panicles per clump. The new plant type varieties showed a greater number of grains per panicle and tended to have a better percentage of filled grains per panicle and a weight of 1,000 grains.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89262971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the phenotype characteristics of Alabio Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan was conducted to determine the phenotypic characteristics of 3 central Alabio ducks (Hulu Sungai Utara, Banjar and Tabalong Regencies). The materials used in this study were 480 Alabio ducks, aged ± 6 months, consisting of 30 males and 450 females. The method used in this research was a survey method that was multistage random sampling. The variables observed were dominancy and pattern colors of feathers on neck, breast, back, wing, leg, and tail, beak color and shank color. Based on the results of observations in the Tabalong, HSU and Banjar Regencies, the results show that Alabio ducks have 6 kinds of colors that appear on observed body parts, namely black, grayish-white, blackish-gray, brownish-gray, brown, brownish-white, black, and brownish-white, light-brown spots or dark brown spots on breast feather. The colors of the beak and shank of male and female Alabio ducks are light-yellow or whitish yellow. While the uniform color characteristics are found in male and female Alabio ducks, namely on the grayish-white neck feathers, blackish gray and bluish green on wing feathers, blackish and brownish gray on back-feathers, brownish and black gray on tail-feathers and brownish-white, light brown spots. or dark brown spots on breast-feather. In conclusion, there are not many differences in both the dominant feather color, the variation in the color of the feathers, the beak, the shank of the Alabio ducks, since most of them come from the similar ancestors.
对南加里曼丹地区3只中部地区的白斑鸭(Hulu Sungai Utara、Banjar和Tabalong Regencies)的表型特征进行了研究。本研究选用年龄±6月龄的阿拉比鸭480只，其中公鸭30只，母鸭450只。本研究采用的是多阶段随机抽样的调查方法。观察到的变量包括颈、胸、背、翅、腿、尾羽毛的优势度和图案颜色、喙色和胫色。根据在Tabalong、HSU和Banjar regcies的观察结果，结果表明，Alabio鸭在观察到的身体部位上有6种颜色，即黑色、灰白色、黑灰色、棕灰色、棕色、棕白色、胸毛上有浅棕色或深棕色斑点。雄性和雌性阿拉比奥鸭的喙和腿的颜色是淡黄色或淡黄色。而雌雄阿拉比鸭的颜色特征是一致的，即颈毛呈灰白色，翅羽呈黑灰色和蓝绿色，背羽呈黑灰色和棕灰色，尾羽呈棕灰色和黑灰色，斑点呈棕白色和浅棕色。或胸毛上的深褐色斑点。综上所述，阿拉比鸭的显性羽毛颜色、羽毛颜色变异、喙和腿的颜色差异不大，因为它们大多数来自相似的祖先。
{"title":"Phenotype Characteristics of Alabio Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan","authors":"H. Herliani, A. Sulaiman, Adnan Yasser","doi":"10.20527/jwem.v10i1.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v10i1.266","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the phenotype characteristics of Alabio Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan was conducted to determine the phenotypic characteristics of 3 central Alabio ducks (Hulu Sungai Utara, Banjar and Tabalong Regencies). The materials used in this study were 480 Alabio ducks, aged ± 6 months, consisting of 30 males and 450 females. The method used in this research was a survey method that was multistage random sampling. The variables observed were dominancy and pattern colors of feathers on neck, breast, back, wing, leg, and tail, beak color and shank color. Based on the results of observations in the Tabalong, HSU and Banjar Regencies, the results show that Alabio ducks have 6 kinds of colors that appear on observed body parts, namely black, grayish-white, blackish-gray, brownish-gray, brown, brownish-white, black, and brownish-white, light-brown spots or dark brown spots on breast feather. The colors of the beak and shank of male and female Alabio ducks are light-yellow or whitish yellow. While the uniform color characteristics are found in male and female Alabio ducks, namely on the grayish-white neck feathers, blackish gray and bluish green on wing feathers, blackish and brownish gray on back-feathers, brownish and black gray on tail-feathers and brownish-white, light brown spots. or dark brown spots on breast-feather. In conclusion, there are not many differences in both the dominant feather color, the variation in the color of the feathers, the beak, the shank of the Alabio ducks, since most of them come from the similar ancestors.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79240529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decreasing of water quality and exceeding the loading capacity of water pollution are the main causes of the high mortality of cage aquaculture along the river in South Kalimantan province. The research objective was to analyze the river water quality profile, and to evaluate the loading capacity of water pollution around the cage aquaculture. The observations were made at 3 points (upstream, middle and downstream) along Harus river where is the center for the development of cage aquaculture in Banua Lawas District, Tabalong Regency. On each of these points, measurement of physico-chemical parameters of water and flow rates were carried out. Measurement and data collection were performed twice with intervals between measurements for 30 days. Water quality parameters analyzed were water temperature, pH, TSS, NH3-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, BOD, COD, and DO. Based the eight water quality parameters measured, there were three parameters that tend to exceeding the loading capacity of water pollution on all the river segments, namely PO4-P, (at middle = 16 kg day-1, and downstream = 459 kg day-1), BOD (at upstream = 301 kg day-1, middle = 547 kg day-1, and downstream = 2,086 kg day-1) and COD (at upstream = 521 kg day-1, middle = 380 kg day-1 and downstream = 1,249 kg day-1). Exceeding the load capacity of BOD and COD were prone to cause depletion of DO in the river in which can potentially cause massive fish mortality.
南加里曼丹省沿河网箱养殖死亡率高的主要原因是水质下降和水污染负荷能力超标。研究目的是分析河流水质概况，评价网箱养殖周边水体污染的承载能力。在Harus河沿岸的3个点(上、中、下游)进行了观察，Harus河是Tabalong reggency Banua Lawas地区网箱养殖发展的中心。在每个点上，测量了水的理化参数和流速。测量和数据收集进行两次，测量间隔为30天。水质参数包括水温、pH、TSS、NH3-N、NO3-N、PO4-P、BOD、COD和DO。根据实测的8个水质参数，各河段均有3个参数趋于超过水污染负荷能力，即PO4-P(中游= 16 kg day-1，下游= 459 kg day-1)、BOD(上游= 301 kg day-1，中游= 547 kg day-1，下游= 2086 kg day-1)和COD(上游= 521 kg day-1，中游= 380 kg day-1，下游= 1249 kg day-1)。超过BOD和COD的负荷能力容易导致河流中DO的耗竭，从而可能导致鱼类大量死亡。
{"title":"Loading Capacity of Water Pollution from Cage Aquaculture in South Kalimantan Rivers","authors":"Herliwati Herliwati, Mijani Rahman","doi":"10.20527/jwem.v10i1.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v10i1.270","url":null,"abstract":"Decreasing of water quality and exceeding the loading capacity of water pollution are the main causes of the high mortality of cage aquaculture along the river in South Kalimantan province. The research objective was to analyze the river water quality profile, and to evaluate the loading capacity of water pollution around the cage aquaculture. The observations were made at 3 points (upstream, middle and downstream) along Harus river where is the center for the development of cage aquaculture in Banua Lawas District, Tabalong Regency. On each of these points, measurement of physico-chemical parameters of water and flow rates were carried out. Measurement and data collection were performed twice with intervals between measurements for 30 days. Water quality parameters analyzed were water temperature, pH, TSS, NH3-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, BOD, COD, and DO. Based the eight water quality parameters measured, there were three parameters that tend to exceeding the loading capacity of water pollution on all the river segments, namely PO4-P, (at middle = 16 kg day-1, and downstream = 459 kg day-1), BOD (at upstream = 301 kg day-1, middle = 547 kg day-1, and downstream = 2,086 kg day-1) and COD (at upstream = 521 kg day-1, middle = 380 kg day-1 and downstream = 1,249 kg day-1). Exceeding the load capacity of BOD and COD were prone to cause depletion of DO in the river in which can potentially cause massive fish mortality.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82131285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vera Maulidia, A. Akbar, Jumiati Jumiati, A. Arifin, Ai Sulastri
Research on carbon storage is currently in the world spotlight along with the increasing greenhouse effect. Mangroves as one of the ecosystems play a role in blue carbon which can store more carbon than terrestrial forests. Mangroves absorb more carbon than any other forest ecosystem. This is because mangroves are included in wetlands that have the ability to store carbon when the land remains wet. An in-depth discussion was carried out by integrating various literatures on mangroves from 2011–2021 to enrich the information for this research. Mangrove area in West Kalimantan in the period 2011 - 2021 has an area of about 256,586.80 Ha which is dominated by species Brugueira spp., Rhizophora spp., Sonneratia alba, Avicennia spp. Nypa fruticans, Excoecaria agallocha, Xylocarpus moluccensis and Acrostichum speciosum. Human activities, abrasion and sedimentation have caused a decrease in the area of mangrove ecosystems in West Kalimantan. An increase in temperature has a global impact on life on the earth's surface and the environmental conditions of mangroves. The decrease in micropopulation and aboveground biomass causes a decrease in infauna species and biomass, affects nutrient cycles, destroys nurseries, and reduces mangrove ecosystem services. The results show that mangrove carbon storage in the period 2011 - 2021 is 628.10 tons C.ha-1 which has an economic valuation of 3,410.50 US$. Efforts to mitigate global warming and trade in mangroves can be carried out through community-based restoration, restoration of forest plantings, integrated coastal ecosystem rehabilitation, and economic approaches.
{"title":"The Value of Mangrove Ecosystems Based on Mangrove Carbon Sequestration in West Kalimantan","authors":"Vera Maulidia, A. Akbar, Jumiati Jumiati, A. Arifin, Ai Sulastri","doi":"10.20527/jwem.v10i1.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v10i1.279","url":null,"abstract":"Research on carbon storage is currently in the world spotlight along with the increasing greenhouse effect. Mangroves as one of the ecosystems play a role in blue carbon which can store more carbon than terrestrial forests. Mangroves absorb more carbon than any other forest ecosystem. This is because mangroves are included in wetlands that have the ability to store carbon when the land remains wet. An in-depth discussion was carried out by integrating various literatures on mangroves from 2011–2021 to enrich the information for this research. Mangrove area in West Kalimantan in the period 2011 - 2021 has an area of about 256,586.80 Ha which is dominated by species Brugueira spp., Rhizophora spp., Sonneratia alba, Avicennia spp. Nypa fruticans, Excoecaria agallocha, Xylocarpus moluccensis and Acrostichum speciosum. Human activities, abrasion and sedimentation have caused a decrease in the area of mangrove ecosystems in West Kalimantan. An increase in temperature has a global impact on life on the earth's surface and the environmental conditions of mangroves. The decrease in micropopulation and aboveground biomass causes a decrease in infauna species and biomass, affects nutrient cycles, destroys nurseries, and reduces mangrove ecosystem services. The results show that mangrove carbon storage in the period 2011 - 2021 is 628.10 tons C.ha-1 which has an economic valuation of 3,410.50 US$. Efforts to mitigate global warming and trade in mangroves can be carried out through community-based restoration, restoration of forest plantings, integrated coastal ecosystem rehabilitation, and economic approaches.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73591512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domestic wastewater contains high organic matter and nutrient. These compounds can be harmful for the environment if discharged directly to water bodies. Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (HABR) technology might be a solution to overcome this problem. The present study aimed to investigate HABR technology for removal COD and ammonia in domestic wastewater. The HABR technology used 7 compartments with a suspended and an attachment system. Design of HABR reactor with is arranged in a series of laboratory scale with a size of 90 cm x 20 cm x 30 cm using activate charcoal (AC) and zeolite (ZE) media. The data collection process is carried out 5 days after seeding and acclimatization period. The collected data is presented in the form of table and figure containing data on the reduction of pollutant levels and efficiency. The highest COD removal value up to 63.77% and 57.22% occurred in AC dan ZE, respectively. The final COD concentration in AC dan ZE media was 67.75 mg/L and 80.00 mg/L. The highest ammonia concentration removal occurred in AC and ZE value up to 68.98%. and 73.47%, respectively. The final ammonia concentration in AC media and ZE was 9.37 mg/L and 8.01 mg/L. The final COD and ammonia concentrations in all treatments met the requirement of domestic wastewater quality standard according to Minister of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia Decree No. 68 of 2016, where the COD and ammonia concentration should be 100.00 mg/L and 10.00 mg/L, respectively.
生活污水中含有较高的有机物和营养物。如果直接排放到水体中，这些化合物会对环境有害。混合厌氧折流板反应器(HABR)技术可能是解决这一问题的一种方法。本研究旨在研究HABR技术去除生活废水中的COD和氨。HABR技术使用了7个隔间，带有一个悬挂和一个附着系统。HABR反应器设计采用活性炭(AC)和沸石(ZE)两种介质，尺寸为90 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm，按实验室规模排列。数据采集过程在播种和驯化期后5 d进行。收集到的数据以表格和图表的形式呈现，其中载有减少污染物水平和效率的数据。AC和ZE的COD去除率最高，分别为63.77%和57.22%。AC和ZE培养基中COD的最终浓度分别为67.75 mg/L和80.00 mg/L。AC和ZE的氨氮去除率最高，达68.98%。分别为73.47%。AC培养基和ZE的终氨气浓度分别为9.37 mg/L和8.01 mg/L。所有处理的最终COD和氨浓度均满足印度尼西亚共和国环境和林业部2016年第68号法令中COD和氨浓度分别为100.00 mg/L和10.00 mg/L的生活污水水质标准要求。
{"title":"Active Charcoal and Zeolite to Reduce COD and Ammonia of Domestic Wastewater","authors":"R. Ratnawati, S. Sugito","doi":"10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.281","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic wastewater contains high organic matter and nutrient. These compounds can be harmful for the environment if discharged directly to water bodies. Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (HABR) technology might be a solution to overcome this problem. The present study aimed to investigate HABR technology for removal COD and ammonia in domestic wastewater. The HABR technology used 7 compartments with a suspended and an attachment system. Design of HABR reactor with is arranged in a series of laboratory scale with a size of 90 cm x 20 cm x 30 cm using activate charcoal (AC) and zeolite (ZE) media. The data collection process is carried out 5 days after seeding and acclimatization period. The collected data is presented in the form of table and figure containing data on the reduction of pollutant levels and efficiency. The highest COD removal value up to 63.77% and 57.22% occurred in AC dan ZE, respectively. The final COD concentration in AC dan ZE media was 67.75 mg/L and 80.00 mg/L. The highest ammonia concentration removal occurred in AC and ZE value up to 68.98%. and 73.47%, respectively. The final ammonia concentration in AC media and ZE was 9.37 mg/L and 8.01 mg/L. The final COD and ammonia concentrations in all treatments met the requirement of domestic wastewater quality standard according to Minister of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia Decree No. 68 of 2016, where the COD and ammonia concentration should be 100.00 mg/L and 10.00 mg/L, respectively.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76895472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malang and Wonosari areas are located in Southern Mountains of Java, and their rock variations are comparable. Study focuses on limestone found at Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang, that has been identified as part of Wonosari Formation. This place is closer to Punung area as viewed from the type location. Limestone microfacies approach is used to determine whether the limestone belongs to Wonosari or Punung formations. Methods used to identify standard microfacies types and facies zone are measured stratigraphy, petrographic analysis, and microfossil analysis. Measured stratigraphy was conducted along Bangbang River, and seven limestone samples were collected for analysis. Findings showed three standard microfacies types: SMF-5 characterized by packstone or rudstone with a mudstone matrix, SMF-8 characterized by wackstone or floatstone with complete fossils, and SMF-18 characterized by grainstone or packstone with abundant foraminifera or algae. Limestone belongs to facies zone (FZ) 7 - 8, which is characterized by presence of packestone, wackestone, clay sized limestone, and benthic algae foraminifers. Limestone ages range from Middle to Upper Miocene (N12 - N16), were formed in an inner Neritic. Limestone is equivalent to Wonosari and Punung Formations, based on standard microfacies type, facies zone, and age range. When lignite intercalation are present, the limestone is equivalent to the Punung Formation.
{"title":"Limestone Microfacies Punung Formation at Bangbang River, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang, East Java","authors":"W. Winarti, H. Wijayanti, Odhi Febriarto","doi":"10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.272","url":null,"abstract":"Malang and Wonosari areas are located in Southern Mountains of Java, and their rock variations are comparable. Study focuses on limestone found at Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang, that has been identified as part of Wonosari Formation. This place is closer to Punung area as viewed from the type location. Limestone microfacies approach is used to determine whether the limestone belongs to Wonosari or Punung formations. Methods used to identify standard microfacies types and facies zone are measured stratigraphy, petrographic analysis, and microfossil analysis. Measured stratigraphy was conducted along Bangbang River, and seven limestone samples were collected for analysis. Findings showed three standard microfacies types: SMF-5 characterized by packstone or rudstone with a mudstone matrix, SMF-8 characterized by wackstone or floatstone with complete fossils, and SMF-18 characterized by grainstone or packstone with abundant foraminifera or algae. Limestone belongs to facies zone (FZ) 7 - 8, which is characterized by presence of packestone, wackestone, clay sized limestone, and benthic algae foraminifers. Limestone ages range from Middle to Upper Miocene (N12 - N16), were formed in an inner Neritic. Limestone is equivalent to Wonosari and Punung Formations, based on standard microfacies type, facies zone, and age range. When lignite intercalation are present, the limestone is equivalent to the Punung Formation.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"19 1","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84359258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The large number of nypa ( Nypa fruticans Wurmb) fruit bunches that are carried away by the river indicates that this fruit has not been fully utilized by the community. This study aimed to measure the ratio of filled nypa fruit and determine the rendement of flour from ripe and filled nypa fruit. Ten ripe fruit bunches from 5 clumps were taken from Bunipah Village, Kandangan Lama Village, and Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut Regency, Indonesia respectively. The fruits were removed from the bunch, sorted according to content, and counted. After the filled fruits were halved, each endosperm was removed from the shell and weighed. The endosperm was then grated. The result was dried through exposure to sunlight for 3 days and pounded. The resulting flour was filtered, dried again through exposure to sunlight for 2 days, and weighed. Main data from the series of steps were the number of filled fruits as well as empty fruits each bunch, the weight of endosperm, and the weight of flour obtained. The normality of the data was tested by the Liliefors test and homogeneity by the Bartlett test. Diversity was analyzed by randomized block design (3 treatments, 3 replications). The ratio of filled fruit referred as the ratio of the number of filled fruits to the total number of fruits on the bunch, while the rendement of flour referred as the ratio of the weight of flour produced to the weight of processed endosperm. The ratio of filled fruits in Bunipah Village (75.83%) and Kandangan Lama Village (75.46%) were higher than in Kuala Tambangan Village (28.55%). The rendement of nypa fruit flour from the highest to the lowest came from Kandangan Lama Village (30.71%), Bunipah Village (30.27%), and Kuala Tambangan Village (25.57%). This rendement was obtained through grating.
大量的nypa (nypa fruticans Wurmb)水果串被河流冲走，这表明这种水果没有被社区充分利用。本研究旨在测定果脯的填充率，并测定成熟果脯和填充果脯的面粉含量。分别采自印度尼西亚Kandangan Lama村的Bunipah村和Tanah Laut Regency的Kuala Tambangan村的5丛10串成熟水果。水果从一束中取出，按内容分类，并计数。在填充的果实被对半后，每个胚乳从壳中取出并称重。然后将胚乳磨碎。结果在阳光下晒干3天，然后捣碎。得到的面粉经过过滤，再次在阳光下晒干2天，并称重。这一系列步骤的主要数据是每串填果和空果的数量、胚乳的重量和面粉的重量。数据的正态性采用Liliefors检验，同质性采用Bartlett检验。多样性分析采用随机区组设计(3个处理，3个重复)。填充果的比例是指填充果的数量与串上果实总数的比例，而面粉的呈现是指生产的面粉重量与加工的胚乳重量的比例。布尼帕村(75.83%)和干丹干喇嘛村(75.46%)的果脯填充率高于瓜拉丹邦干村(28.55%)。果粉用量由高到低依次为Kandangan Lama村(30.71%)、Bunipah村(30.27%)和Kuala Tambangan村(25.57%)。这种渲染是通过光栅得到的。
{"title":"Ratio of Filled Fruit and Rendement of Flour Produced from Nypa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) Fruit","authors":"Rosidah R Radam, M. A. Soendjoto, A. A. Rezekiah","doi":"10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.258","url":null,"abstract":"The large number of nypa ( Nypa fruticans Wurmb) fruit bunches that are carried away by the river indicates that this fruit has not been fully utilized by the community. This study aimed to measure the ratio of filled nypa fruit and determine the rendement of flour from ripe and filled nypa fruit. Ten ripe fruit bunches from 5 clumps were taken from Bunipah Village, Kandangan Lama Village, and Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut Regency, Indonesia respectively. The fruits were removed from the bunch, sorted according to content, and counted. After the filled fruits were halved, each endosperm was removed from the shell and weighed. The endosperm was then grated. The result was dried through exposure to sunlight for 3 days and pounded. The resulting flour was filtered, dried again through exposure to sunlight for 2 days, and weighed. Main data from the series of steps were the number of filled fruits as well as empty fruits each bunch, the weight of endosperm, and the weight of flour obtained. The normality of the data was tested by the Liliefors test and homogeneity by the Bartlett test. Diversity was analyzed by randomized block design (3 treatments, 3 replications). The ratio of filled fruit referred as the ratio of the number of filled fruits to the total number of fruits on the bunch, while the rendement of flour referred as the ratio of the weight of flour produced to the weight of processed endosperm. The ratio of filled fruits in Bunipah Village (75.83%) and Kandangan Lama Village (75.46%) were higher than in Kuala Tambangan Village (28.55%). The rendement of nypa fruit flour from the highest to the lowest came from Kandangan Lama Village (30.71%), Bunipah Village (30.27%), and Kuala Tambangan Village (25.57%). This rendement was obtained through grating.","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"109 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91113038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ida Yuliana, Lena Rosida, H. Khatimah, Rayatul Aminah, A. Alwiyah, E. Amelia
Martapura River is indicated to have been contaminated by heavy metal can adversely affect the kidneys. This study aims to analyze the impact of water consumption of the Martapura River on the microscopic image of white rat kidneys. Microscopic structure of the kidneys studied were the glomerulus, proximal renal tubule, and renal medullary tubule. Research design used a post test only with control group, with 32 white rats as the subject divided into 2 research groups, namely control group (given distilled water) and treatment group (given Martapura River water) ad libitum for 30 days. Analysis of research data using test t-independent at 95% confidence level. The results showed the number of glomerulus in the control group was less than the treatment group (p = 0.017); the glomerular diameter in the treatment group was smaller than the control group (p = 0.007); the number of proximal renal tubules in the treatment group was less than the control group (p = 0.025); lumen diameter of proximal renal tubules in the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (p = 0.025); the number of renal medullary tubules in the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (p = 0.347); and the lumen diameter of the renal medulla tubules in the treatment did not differ significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.015). Conclusion is consuming Martapura river water which contains heavy metals causing damage to the glomerulus, proximal renal tubule and tubule of the renal medulla
{"title":"Alteration of the Kidney Structure of White Rat after Water Administration from Martapura River","authors":"Ida Yuliana, Lena Rosida, H. Khatimah, Rayatul Aminah, A. Alwiyah, E. Amelia","doi":"10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/JWEM.V9I2.269","url":null,"abstract":"Martapura River is indicated to have been contaminated by heavy metal can adversely affect the kidneys. This study aims to analyze the impact of water consumption of the Martapura River on the microscopic image of white rat kidneys. Microscopic structure of the kidneys studied were the glomerulus, proximal renal tubule, and renal medullary tubule. Research design used a post test only with control group, with 32 white rats as the subject divided into 2 research groups, namely control group (given distilled water) and treatment group (given Martapura River water) ad libitum for 30 days. Analysis of research data using test t-independent at 95% confidence level. The results showed the number of glomerulus in the control group was less than the treatment group (p = 0.017); the glomerular diameter in the treatment group was smaller than the control group (p = 0.007); the number of proximal renal tubules in the treatment group was less than the control group (p = 0.025); lumen diameter of proximal renal tubules in the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (p = 0.025); the number of renal medullary tubules in the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (p = 0.347); and the lumen diameter of the renal medulla tubules in the treatment did not differ significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.015). Conclusion is consuming Martapura river water which contains heavy metals causing damage to the glomerulus, proximal renal tubule and tubule of the renal medulla","PeriodicalId":30661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82622247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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