Imran Ali, Syed Dilshad Alam, R. Raja, Arvind K. Jain, Mohd Mustaqeem, Marcello Locatelli, H. Aboul‐Enein, Kareem Yusuf
Terbutaline is the drug of choice for asthma patients but it exist in racemic mixture. (R)‐(‐)‐terbutaline is 200 times more active than (S)‐(+)‐terbutaline and it is not advisable to prescribe racmix xiture due to certain side effects of (S)‐(+)‐terbutaline. Therefore, fast, effective and reproducible separation method is the need of today.Chiral separation was achieved on Chiralpak IE and Chiralpak IG columns (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using CO2‐MeOH (60:40) with 0.2% triethylamine mobile phase. The flow was 1.0 mL/min with detection at 223 nm using a PDA detector. The values of retention, separation and resolution factors were in the range of 1.88 to 2.38, 1.14 to 1.26 and 0.91 to 1.17; with best separation with Chiralpak IE. The tailing factors and number of theoretical plates were in the range of 1.0 to 1.23 and 487 to 3699. The purity of the separated peaks was determined by UPLC‐MS; indicating 100% purity of the peaks. The chiral recognition was determined by modeling with binding affinities ‐5.0 and ‐6.0 of S‐ and R‐enantiomers; indicating S‐enantiomers elution first followed by R‐enantiomers. The major forces responsible for the chiral resolution were hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions.Due to the great demand for optically active pure drugs and high economic pressure on analytical techniques, the chiral separation of terbutaline was achieved on inexpensive supercritical fluid chromatography. The reported method may be used to prepare optically active pure terbutaline drugs (R‐enantiomers) at a pilot scale.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Chiral separation of terbutaline by supercritical fluid chromatography with peaks purity determination by UPLC‐MS and modeling for chiral recognition mechanism","authors":"Imran Ali, Syed Dilshad Alam, R. Raja, Arvind K. Jain, Mohd Mustaqeem, Marcello Locatelli, H. Aboul‐Enein, Kareem Yusuf","doi":"10.1002/jctb.7621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7621","url":null,"abstract":"Terbutaline is the drug of choice for asthma patients but it exist in racemic mixture. (R)‐(‐)‐terbutaline is 200 times more active than (S)‐(+)‐terbutaline and it is not advisable to prescribe racmix xiture due to certain side effects of (S)‐(+)‐terbutaline. Therefore, fast, effective and reproducible separation method is the need of today.Chiral separation was achieved on Chiralpak IE and Chiralpak IG columns (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using CO2‐MeOH (60:40) with 0.2% triethylamine mobile phase. The flow was 1.0 mL/min with detection at 223 nm using a PDA detector. The values of retention, separation and resolution factors were in the range of 1.88 to 2.38, 1.14 to 1.26 and 0.91 to 1.17; with best separation with Chiralpak IE. The tailing factors and number of theoretical plates were in the range of 1.0 to 1.23 and 487 to 3699. The purity of the separated peaks was determined by UPLC‐MS; indicating 100% purity of the peaks. The chiral recognition was determined by modeling with binding affinities ‐5.0 and ‐6.0 of S‐ and R‐enantiomers; indicating S‐enantiomers elution first followed by R‐enantiomers. The major forces responsible for the chiral resolution were hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions.Due to the great demand for optically active pure drugs and high economic pressure on analytical techniques, the chiral separation of terbutaline was achieved on inexpensive supercritical fluid chromatography. The reported method may be used to prepare optically active pure terbutaline drugs (R‐enantiomers) at a pilot scale.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":306678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Attia, M. Samer, Mahmoud S.M. Mohamed, Mohamed Salah, Elshaimaa Moustafa, Randa M. Abdel Hameed, Hassan Elsayed, E. Abdelsalam
Background: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising approach for treating wastewater and generating electrical energy simultaneously. However, their implementation in wastewater treatment plants is hindered by the limited electricity generation, often attributed to the electrolyte's high resistance. This study aimed to improve bioelectricity generation in MFCs by adding nanomaterials to the electrolyte to enhance conductivity.Results: Three types of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO), were synthesized and addition to the electrolyte at a concentration of 50 mg in 1.5 L. MFC performance was evaluated, employed a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 140 h, and compared to a control with no nanomaterials added. The addition of nanomaterials significantly improved MFC performance. Compared to the control, the MFCs with CNTs, g‐C3N4, and r‐GO exhibited: Higher voltage: 1.301 V (CNTs), 1.286 V (g‐C3N4), 1.280 V (r‐GO) vs. 0.570 V (control), Increased power density: 14.11 mW/m3 (CNTs), 13.78 mW/m3 (g‐C3N4), 13.66 mW/m3 (r‐GO) vs. 2.71 mW/m3 (control), Enhanced areal power density: 21.06 mW/m2 (CNTs), 20.57 mW/m2 (g‐C3N4), 20.39 mW/m2 (r‐GO) vs. 4.04 mW/m2 (control), and Improved coulombic efficiency: 19.43% (CNTs), 19.19% (g‐C3N4), 19.11% (r‐GO) vs. 8.54% (control).Conclusion: Incorporating nanomaterials into the MFC electrolyte significantly increased bioelectricity generation by 5.21 times and coulombic efficiency by 2.28 times compared to the control. This improvement is attributed to the high specific surface area of the nanomaterials, which facilitates the adhesion and growth of microorganisms around the anode, enhancing direct electron transfer.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Enhancing Bioelectricity Generation from Wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Carbon Nanomaterials","authors":"Y. Attia, M. Samer, Mahmoud S.M. Mohamed, Mohamed Salah, Elshaimaa Moustafa, Randa M. Abdel Hameed, Hassan Elsayed, E. Abdelsalam","doi":"10.1002/jctb.7620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7620","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising approach for treating wastewater and generating electrical energy simultaneously. However, their implementation in wastewater treatment plants is hindered by the limited electricity generation, often attributed to the electrolyte's high resistance. This study aimed to improve bioelectricity generation in MFCs by adding nanomaterials to the electrolyte to enhance conductivity.Results: Three types of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO), were synthesized and addition to the electrolyte at a concentration of 50 mg in 1.5 L. MFC performance was evaluated, employed a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 140 h, and compared to a control with no nanomaterials added. The addition of nanomaterials significantly improved MFC performance. Compared to the control, the MFCs with CNTs, g‐C3N4, and r‐GO exhibited: Higher voltage: 1.301 V (CNTs), 1.286 V (g‐C3N4), 1.280 V (r‐GO) vs. 0.570 V (control), Increased power density: 14.11 mW/m3 (CNTs), 13.78 mW/m3 (g‐C3N4), 13.66 mW/m3 (r‐GO) vs. 2.71 mW/m3 (control), Enhanced areal power density: 21.06 mW/m2 (CNTs), 20.57 mW/m2 (g‐C3N4), 20.39 mW/m2 (r‐GO) vs. 4.04 mW/m2 (control), and Improved coulombic efficiency: 19.43% (CNTs), 19.19% (g‐C3N4), 19.11% (r‐GO) vs. 8.54% (control).Conclusion: Incorporating nanomaterials into the MFC electrolyte significantly increased bioelectricity generation by 5.21 times and coulombic efficiency by 2.28 times compared to the control. This improvement is attributed to the high specific surface area of the nanomaterials, which facilitates the adhesion and growth of microorganisms around the anode, enhancing direct electron transfer.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":306678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. V. Maia, W. Suarez, Vagner Bezerra dos Santos, Severino Carlos Bezerra de Oliveira, João Paulo Barbosa de Almeida
This work proposes the use of a simple inexpensive method for the hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots nanoparticles (CDs) from rice starch aimed at the determination of Hg2+ in water. The proposed method involved using a paper‐based analytical device coupled to a 3D plate, with a UV‐LED chamber and a smartphone for the acquisition and analysis of the fluorescence digital images of the CDs.The size of the carbon dots ranged from 0.5 to 3 nm, with an average particle size of approximately 1 nm. The functionalization of carbon dots with methimazole allowed a high selective for Hg2+ determination. The results obtained showed a linear response R2 of 0.997 and Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0.5 to 45.0 μΜ with a LOD and LOQ of 0.23 and 0.62 μmol L‐1, respectively. The results of the study show that there are no significant differences, at 95% confidence level, between the data obtained from the application of the proposed method and the reference method.The proposed method is in line with the principles of green chemistry, as it involves the use of renewable sources for starch extraction and a hydrothermal synthesis process that does not employ toxic reagents. In addition, the method employs only 15 μL of reagent/sample.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"A novel approach to Hg2+ determination in water samples using carbon dots based on paper and fluorescence digital image analysis","authors":"M. V. Maia, W. Suarez, Vagner Bezerra dos Santos, Severino Carlos Bezerra de Oliveira, João Paulo Barbosa de Almeida","doi":"10.1002/jctb.7618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7618","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes the use of a simple inexpensive method for the hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots nanoparticles (CDs) from rice starch aimed at the determination of Hg2+ in water. The proposed method involved using a paper‐based analytical device coupled to a 3D plate, with a UV‐LED chamber and a smartphone for the acquisition and analysis of the fluorescence digital images of the CDs.The size of the carbon dots ranged from 0.5 to 3 nm, with an average particle size of approximately 1 nm. The functionalization of carbon dots with methimazole allowed a high selective for Hg2+ determination. The results obtained showed a linear response R2 of 0.997 and Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0.5 to 45.0 μΜ with a LOD and LOQ of 0.23 and 0.62 μmol L‐1, respectively. The results of the study show that there are no significant differences, at 95% confidence level, between the data obtained from the application of the proposed method and the reference method.The proposed method is in line with the principles of green chemistry, as it involves the use of renewable sources for starch extraction and a hydrothermal synthesis process that does not employ toxic reagents. In addition, the method employs only 15 μL of reagent/sample.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":306678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to investigate the correlation between the pore size distribution of biomass activated carbon adsorbents (BACAs) and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) adsorption/desorption performance. four BACAs with same specific surface area but different pore size distribution were prepared under different experimental conditions and processes.The impact of the pore size distribution of BACAs on the adsorption/desorption performance of benzene, toluene and xylene was investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption ability of the prepared BACAs for benzene, toluene, and xylene was mostly affected by the pore size distributed in 2.60 ~ 3.25 nm, 2.68 ~ 3.35 nm and 4.20 ~ 4.90 nm, respectively, when the studied BACAs had similar specific surface area (SBET ≈ 1080 m2/g). However, the desorption amount of adsorbed benzene molecules mainly relies on the pore structure of the BACAs with the pore size distributed in 3.95 ~ 4.60 nm.The pore structures of BACAs distributed in different pore size ranges have various effects on the phenyl VOCs adsorption capacity. Benzene adsorption on the BACAs were mainly affected by the microporous structures. The pore structure with larger pore size was more favorable for the desorption of the adsorbed toluene and xylene molecules compared to the adsorbed benzene molecules. Benzene, toluene, and xylene had low residual rates in the studied activated carbon adsorbents to show superior regenerative properties. This work could provide an important reference for the design, preparation, and selection of activated carbon adsorbents for the adsorption capacity of benzene, toluene, and xylene.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Effect of pore size distribution of biomass activated carbon adsorbents on the adsorption capacity","authors":"Qiren Wang, Tingyu Li, Haodong Tian, Die Zou, Jia Zeng, Shuang Chen, Hongmei Xie, Guilin Zhou","doi":"10.1002/jctb.7617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7617","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the correlation between the pore size distribution of biomass activated carbon adsorbents (BACAs) and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) adsorption/desorption performance. four BACAs with same specific surface area but different pore size distribution were prepared under different experimental conditions and processes.The impact of the pore size distribution of BACAs on the adsorption/desorption performance of benzene, toluene and xylene was investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption ability of the prepared BACAs for benzene, toluene, and xylene was mostly affected by the pore size distributed in 2.60 ~ 3.25 nm, 2.68 ~ 3.35 nm and 4.20 ~ 4.90 nm, respectively, when the studied BACAs had similar specific surface area (SBET ≈ 1080 m2/g). However, the desorption amount of adsorbed benzene molecules mainly relies on the pore structure of the BACAs with the pore size distributed in 3.95 ~ 4.60 nm.The pore structures of BACAs distributed in different pore size ranges have various effects on the phenyl VOCs adsorption capacity. Benzene adsorption on the BACAs were mainly affected by the microporous structures. The pore structure with larger pore size was more favorable for the desorption of the adsorbed toluene and xylene molecules compared to the adsorbed benzene molecules. Benzene, toluene, and xylene had low residual rates in the studied activated carbon adsorbents to show superior regenerative properties. This work could provide an important reference for the design, preparation, and selection of activated carbon adsorbents for the adsorption capacity of benzene, toluene, and xylene.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":306678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139779973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The precise detection of NO2 requires the conversion of NO2 to NO using a molybdenum conversion furnace. Currently, molybdenum wire is utilized as the conversion agent for the molybdenum furnace; however, the high operating temperature of the molybdenum wire can inadvertently convert NH3 in industrial exhaust gas to NO, potentially impacting the accuracy of the detection process. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop low‐temperature conversion agents. The study aims to establish a correlation between the iodine value, which characterizes the liquid‐phase adsorption properties of activated carbon, and its capacity for NO2 conversion, with the potential to provide valuable theoretical insights supporting the development of commercial molybdenum furnace conversion agents.The iodine value of coconut shell carbon is closely related to their reaction performance for NO2 to NO among three samples with different iodine values. AC‐900, AC‐1200, and AC‐1500 exhibit notable NO2 to NO conversion capabilities. Specifically, AC‐900 demonstrates significantly superior reaction performance compared to AC‐1200 and AC‐1500. Under conditions of 175 °C and 1 L/min, the NO2 conversion rates for AC‐900, AC‐1200, and AC‐1500 are measured at 97.3%, 88.2%, and 86.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the evaluation of AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 at different flow rates at 125 °C reveals a decrease in NO2 conversion with increasing gas flow rate. AC‐1200 exhibits better reaction performance compared to AC‐1500.The structure‐activity relationship between iodine value of coconut shell carbon and their performance for NO2 to NO is revealed. The capacity of activated carbon to convert NO2 is significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen functional groups and the proportion of micropores. The content of micropores and oxygen‐containing functional groups, especially phenolic hydroxyl groups, decreases with the increase of iodine value, leading to a decrease in the reaction performance of the conversion agent.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"The correlation between the iodine value of coconut shell carbon and their reaction performance for NO2 to NO","authors":"Shifang Mu, Hongliang Wang, Yan Wang, Junchao Gu, Yujing Weng, Qi Sun, Yulong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jctb.7619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7619","url":null,"abstract":"The precise detection of NO2 requires the conversion of NO2 to NO using a molybdenum conversion furnace. Currently, molybdenum wire is utilized as the conversion agent for the molybdenum furnace; however, the high operating temperature of the molybdenum wire can inadvertently convert NH3 in industrial exhaust gas to NO, potentially impacting the accuracy of the detection process. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop low‐temperature conversion agents. The study aims to establish a correlation between the iodine value, which characterizes the liquid‐phase adsorption properties of activated carbon, and its capacity for NO2 conversion, with the potential to provide valuable theoretical insights supporting the development of commercial molybdenum furnace conversion agents.The iodine value of coconut shell carbon is closely related to their reaction performance for NO2 to NO among three samples with different iodine values. AC‐900, AC‐1200, and AC‐1500 exhibit notable NO2 to NO conversion capabilities. Specifically, AC‐900 demonstrates significantly superior reaction performance compared to AC‐1200 and AC‐1500. Under conditions of 175 °C and 1 L/min, the NO2 conversion rates for AC‐900, AC‐1200, and AC‐1500 are measured at 97.3%, 88.2%, and 86.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the evaluation of AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 at different flow rates at 125 °C reveals a decrease in NO2 conversion with increasing gas flow rate. AC‐1200 exhibits better reaction performance compared to AC‐1500.The structure‐activity relationship between iodine value of coconut shell carbon and their performance for NO2 to NO is revealed. The capacity of activated carbon to convert NO2 is significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen functional groups and the proportion of micropores. The content of micropores and oxygen‐containing functional groups, especially phenolic hydroxyl groups, decreases with the increase of iodine value, leading to a decrease in the reaction performance of the conversion agent.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":306678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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