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CEO Social Media Presence and Insider Trading Behavior CEO社交媒体曝光与内幕交易行为
Pub Date : 2020-01-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3532495
Zhichuan Frank Li, Claire Y. C. Liang, Zhenyang Tang
Prior research finds that online social media usage may lower self-control and encourage indulgent behavior. We find that corporate CEOs show similar tendencies: CEOs with online social media presence are more likely to succumb to lower self-control and abuse their information advantage to profit from unethical opportunistic inside trades. Specifically, social media presence strongly predicts the incidence, intensity, and profitability of CEO insider trading activity. Our results only reside in buys (not in sells), especially opportunistic buys which likely contain more material non-public information.
先前的研究发现,在线社交媒体的使用可能会降低自我控制能力,并鼓励放纵行为。我们发现,企业首席执行官也表现出类似的趋势:拥有在线社交媒体的首席执行官更有可能屈服于较低的自制力,并滥用其信息优势,从不道德的机会主义内幕交易中获利。具体而言,社交媒体存在对CEO内幕交易活动的发生率、强度和盈利能力有很强的预测作用。我们的结果只存在于买入(而不是卖出),特别是可能包含更多重要非公开信息的机会性买入。
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引用次数: 6
Sustainability of the Self–Harnessing Natural Cycles for Leadership Development 领导力发展的自我驾驭自然循环的可持续性
Pub Date : 2018-03-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3218232
A. Hope
The purpose of this paper is to encourage discussion and debate around the idea that in order for deep organisational and societal change to occur, leaders need to change and heal themselves by practising sustainability of the self and paying attention to natural cycles. IT presents a review of contemporary leadership models in relation to sustainability and well-being and combines these with an examination of the role of natural and biological cycles in cognition and decision making. The research suggests that there is a relationship between natural and biological cycles and leadership performance suggesting that there is a need for leaders to better understand their own cycles and any corresponding impacts. The paper contributes an understanding as to the influences that natural and biological cycles have on leaders emotions, cognition and performance and offers a model that aligns cycles of leadership with the seasons and cycles of the natural world.
本文的目的是鼓励讨论和辩论围绕这样一个观点,即为了实现深层次的组织和社会变革,领导者需要通过实践自我的可持续性和关注自然周期来改变和治愈自己。IT展示了与可持续性和福祉相关的当代领导模式的回顾,并将这些与自然和生物周期在认知和决策中的作用的检查相结合。研究表明,自然周期和生物周期与领导绩效之间存在关系,这表明领导者有必要更好地了解自己的周期及其相应的影响。本文有助于理解自然和生物周期对领导者情绪、认知和绩效的影响,并提供了一个将领导力周期与自然世界的季节和周期相一致的模型。
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引用次数: 0
أثر القيادة التحويلية في زيادة فعالية المنظمات العامة (دراسة مسحية على المصرف التجاري فرع 4 بمدينة حماة) (The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Increasing the Effectiveness of Public Organizations) 变革型领导力对提高公共组织效率的影响(对哈马市商业银行第4分行的调查研究)
Pub Date : 2016-02-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3638918
Hayan Hamdan
Arabic Abstract: الملخص
هدفت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على اثر القيادة التحويلية في زيادة فعالية المنظمات العامة واعتبار ان القيادة التحويلية لها تأثير واضح في تحسين اداء المنظمة ومن الوسائل الهامة والفعالة في تحقيق النجاح والنمو وزيادة فعالية المنظمات. ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة قام الباحث بتصميم استبيان شمل (27) سؤال بحثي لجمع البيانات الاولية من عينة الدراسة المكونة من (43) مفردة، وفي ضوء ذلك جرى جمع وتحليل البينات واختبار الفرضيات باستخدام الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS 17.0 وتم التوصل الى عدد من النتائج من اهمها:
1- وجود تأثير معنوي وعلاقة ارتباط قوية وطردية بين المتغير المستقل بعد التأثير المثالي والمتغير التابع زيادة فعالية المنظمة محل الدراسة.
2- وجود تأثير معنوي وعلاقة ارتباط متوسطة وطردية بين المتغير المستقل بعد الحفز الالهامي والمتغير التابع زيادة فعالية المنظمة محل الدراسة.
3- وجود تأثير معنوي وعلاقة ارتباط متوسطة وطردية بين المتغير المستقل بعد الاستثارة الفكرية والمتغير التابع زيادة فعالية المنظمة محل الدراسة.
4- وجود تأثير معنوي وعلاقة ارتباط قوية وطردية بين المتغير المستقل بعد الاعتبار الفردي والمتغير التابع زيادة فعالية المنظمة محل الدراسة.
وقد تم اقتراح عدة توصيات في نهاية البحث
كلمات مفتاحية: القيادة التحويلية، المنظمات، المصارف.

English Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of Transformational leadership on increasing the effectiveness of public organizations, supposing that transformational leadership has a clear impact in improving the performance of the organization as well as it is an important and effective means to achieve success and growth and to increase the effectiveness of organizations.

To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed a questionnaire of 27 questions to collect preliminary data from a sample containing 43 participants. During the process data were collected and analyzed and hypotheses were tested out using SPSS 17.0. A number of findings were obtained from this study, the most important are:

1. There is a significant influence and a strong and direct relation between the independent variable which is the ideal effect and the dependent variable increasing the effectiveness of the organization under study.

2. There is an abstract influence and a moderate and direct relation between the catalysis inspirational independent variable and the dependent variable increasing the effectiveness of the organization under study.

3. There is a significant influence and a moderate direct relation between the intellectual arousal independent variable and the dependent variable increasing the effectiveness of the organization under study.

4. There is a significant influence and a strong direct relation between the individual considered independent variable and the dependent variable increasing the effectiveness of the organization under study.

Several recommendations have proposed at the end of the search.
简编:本研究的目的是确定变革型领导力对提高公共组织效率的影响,并认为变革型领导力对于改善组织的运作有明显的影响,也是取得成功、增长和提高组织效率的重要和有效手段。为实现这项研究的目标,研究人员设计了一份问卷,其中包括27个研究问题,以收集从43个单个研究样本中收集的初步数据。有鉴于此,利用社会科学psp 17.0收集、分析证据并测试假设,并得出了一些结论,其中最重要的是:1:在理想和不断变化的影响后的独立变量之间存在着强烈和持久的道德影响和联系,从而提高了研究组织的有效性。(2)重要激励后的独立变量与次级变量之间的道德影响和中度和持续相关性,提高本组织的效力。3 .知识兴奋后的独立变量与不断变化的变量之间的道德影响和中度和持续相关性关系提高了本组织的效力。4 .所研究的组织的有效性的提高,超越个人和不断变化的独立变量之间的道德影响和强烈而持久的联系。在研究结束时提出了若干建议:变革型领导力、组织、银行。“体制化:对公共权力结构的的改革的支持:在国家行政管理方面的进展情况下,在国家行政管理方面的进展情况下,在国家行政管理方面取得了进展。为了从43个缔约方的申请中获得27个缔约方的法律要求。通过调查调查、分析和研究以及17。最后最后的最后一份报告,澳大利亚的的报告,第1段。对不同不同的不同和不同不同的不同影响。2这两个不同的不同不同和不同的不同影响。3这包括不同的不同和不同的不同影响。4这是指不同的不同和不同的不同影响。在会议结束时主动提出的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Role of Information and Communication Technology in the Organizational Structure of the QaemShahr Municipality 考察信息和通信技术在卡姆沙赫市组织结构中的作用
Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.33844/IJOL.2015.60445
Alireza Dadashi Jokandan, M. Fattahi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Ghane
In the era of progress and technology development, organizations in order to accelerate the delivery of services, reduce costs, and gain customer satisfaction seek to fulfill these goals through the development of information technology and appropriate organizational structure and QaemShahr municipality is not an exception. In this study, the organizational structure is the combination of the complexity, formality, and centralization and the ICT as a part of an organizational system that is impressive in the effectiveness of the activities is taken into consideration. This study is an applied research adopting a descriptive method. Following this, 100 people from QaemShahr municipality were participated in the study of whom 80 staff were elected as the sample size. To collect the data for examining the relationship between ICT and organizational structure, a researcher-made questionnaire with 0.86 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Stephen Robins standard questionnaire to assess the organizational structure were used. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used for inferential statistics. The results indicated that ICT had impact on organizational structure and among the three dimensions of the structure, formality had the highest level of significance with ICT. There is no significant difference in awareness of ICT among women and men as well as the impact of ICT on the organizational structure at different levels in QaemShahr municipality.
在进步和技术发展的时代,组织为了加快服务的交付,降低成本,并获得客户满意度,寻求通过信息技术的发展和适当的组织结构来实现这些目标,QaemShahr市也不例外。在本研究中,组织结构是复杂性、形式性和集中化的结合,ICT作为组织系统的一部分,在活动的有效性方面令人印象深刻。本研究是一项采用描述性方法的应用研究。随后,从qemshahr市选取100人参与研究,选取80名工作人员作为样本量。为了收集信息通信技术与组织结构之间关系的数据,我们使用了一份Cronbach 's alpha系数为0.86的自编问卷和Stephen Robins标准问卷来评估组织结构。数据分析采用SPSS软件进行推理统计。结果表明,信息通信技术对组织结构有影响,在组织结构的三个维度中,形式性对信息通信技术的影响程度最高。在卡姆沙赫尔市,男女对信息和通信技术的认识以及信息和通信技术对各级组织结构的影响没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 1
Non-Verbal Communication Barriers When Dealing With Saudi Sellers 与沙特卖家打交道时的非语言沟通障碍
Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.33844/IJOL.2015.60419
Y. Missaoui
Communication has a major impact on how customers perceive sellers and their organizations. Especially, the non-verbal communication such as body language, appearance, facial expressions, gestures, proximity, posture, eye contact that can influence positively or negatively the first impression of customers and their experiences in stores. Salespeople in many countries, especially the developing ones, are just telling about their companies’ products because they are unaware of the real role of sellers and the importance of non-verbal communication. In Saudi Arabia, the seller profession has been exclusively for foreign labor until 2006. It is very recently that Saudi workforce enters to the retailing sector as sellers. The non-verbal communication of those sellers has never been evaluated from consumer’s point of view. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the non-verbal communication barriers that customers are facing when dealing with Saudi sellers. After discussing the nonverbal communication skills that sellers must have in the light of the previous academic research and the depth interviews with seven focus groups of Saudi customers, this study found that the Saudi customers were not totally satisfied with the current non-verbal communication skills of Saudi sellers. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to develop the non-verbal communication skills of Saudi sellers by intensive trainings, to distinguish more the appearance of their sellers, especially the female ones, to focus on the time of intervention as well as the proximity to customers.
沟通对顾客如何看待卖家和他们的组织有很大的影响。尤其是肢体语言、外表、面部表情、手势、距离、姿势、眼神等非语言交流,会对顾客的第一印象和在店体验产生积极或消极的影响。许多国家的销售人员,特别是发展中国家的销售人员,只是在介绍他们公司的产品,因为他们不知道销售人员的真正作用和非语言沟通的重要性。在沙特阿拉伯,直到2006年,卖方职业一直是专门针对外国劳工的。直到最近,沙特的劳动力才以卖家的身份进入零售业。这些卖家的非语言沟通从来没有从消费者的角度进行评估。因此,本文的目的是探讨消费者在与沙特卖家打交道时所面临的非语言沟通障碍。本研究结合以往的学术研究和对七个沙特客户焦点小组的深度访谈,讨论了卖家必须具备的非语言沟通技巧,发现沙特客户对目前沙特卖家的非语言沟通技巧并不完全满意。因此,强烈建议通过强化培训来发展沙特卖家的非语言沟通能力,更加区分卖家的外表,尤其是女性卖家,注重干预的时间以及与顾客的距离。
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引用次数: 3
The Influence of Export Skills on Export Performance: A Case Study of Export Companies in East Azerbaijan 出口技能对出口绩效的影响:以东阿塞拜疆出口公司为例
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3329828
Roholah Majlesara, R. Afshari, Z. Ghadimi, F. Mohammadi, Nazel Asadi
This study aims to build a theoretical framework that identifies the influence of export skills on export performance in export companies in East Azerbaijan, Iran. It also inquires into the priority of the skills. The data obtained by a questionnaire filled in by 65 producing-exporting companies in East Azerbaijan. The results of the data analysis indicated that export skills have significant influence on export performance of producing-exporting companies. Based on the results of the data analysis it can be argued that international finance and risk management skills, international trade research skills, international marketing skills, and international trade regulations skills are the most effective factors in export performance. The findings of the study and their implications are explained in detail.
本研究旨在建立一个理论框架,以确定出口技能对伊朗东阿塞拜疆出口公司出口绩效的影响。它还探讨了技能的优先级。数据来自东阿塞拜疆65家生产出口公司填写的问卷。数据分析结果表明,出口技能对生产-出口企业的出口绩效有显著影响。根据数据分析的结果,可以认为国际金融和风险管理技能、国际贸易研究技能、国际营销技能和国际贸易法规技能是影响出口绩效的最有效因素。本文对研究结果及其意义作了详细说明。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of Leadership Behaviors on Knowledge Creation in Indian Organizations 领导行为对印度组织知识创造的影响
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.51768/DBR.V14I2.142201315
Mohnish Kumar
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship as well as impact of behaviors or actions of a leader on the creative performance of employees for a sample of 204 employees from 6 organizations.Design/Methodology/Approach: A questionnaire consisting of four psychometric instruments has been provided to respondents i.e., to workers and managers spread across various functional groups, managerial levels from six selected organizations operating in different sectors of the Indian economy. A total of 204 fully-filled questionnaires have been received both personally and through emails and digital forms. Data, regarding different aspects of Knowledge Worker viz., their leaders’ behaviors, organizational culture, technology and Knowledge Creation were collected using questionnaire as given in appendix. Data were statistically treated and analyzed using SPSS software package to obtain results for the stated purpose of the study.Findings: Expectancy-free, Non-Bossy leader with collaboration and experimentation ethos in the organizations along with tailor made IT services help in knowledge identification and creation. Expectancy of a leader is considered negatively as pressure leading us to believe the anti- Pygmalion effect under the overall head of self-defeating prophesies. Expectancy is generally taken as positive as it influences the motivation of the employees. But this paper argues that expectancy of a leader creates a pressure or negatively impacts the knowledge creation and they really abhorred it in these organizations surveyed. Non-bossy leadership is well accepted by the employees of the surveyed organizations for better Knowledge Identification and Creation. Expectancy-free, Non-Bossy Leadership behaviors help in the organizational endeavor of Knowledge Creation.Research Limitations: This study was conducted in only six Indian Organizations or organizations located in India. Hence, its generalizability is limited to other similar contexts. Practical Implications: The research study offers several recommendations for helping leadership of the organization as well as top management to design and implement such practices and actions which will help in effective Knowledge Capture for Organizational excellence.Originality/Value: There is a dearth of literature and especially empirical research regarding Knowledge Creation and its determinants that take into consideration wide array of variables and their respective enabling and disabling roles and contributions. This gap is being filled by this empirical study about the impact of leaders’ behaviors on Knowledge creation in Indian organizations.
目的:本文以来自6个组织的204名员工为样本,目的是研究领导者的行为或行动对员工创造性绩效的关系和影响。设计/方法/方法:向受访者提供了一份由四种心理测量工具组成的问卷,即分布在印度经济不同部门的六个选定组织的各个职能小组和管理级别的工人和管理人员。通过电子邮件和电子表格共收到204份填写完整的问卷。采用问卷调查的方法收集了知识工作者不同方面的数据,即领导者的行为、组织文化、技术和知识创造。使用SPSS软件包对数据进行统计学处理和分析,以获得符合研究目的的结果。发现:在组织中,具有协作和实验精神的无期望、非专横的领导者以及量身定制的IT服务有助于知识识别和创造。对领导者的期望被认为是消极的压力,导致我们相信在自我挫败的整体预言下的反皮格马利翁效应。期望通常被认为是积极的,因为它影响员工的动机。但这篇论文认为,对领导者的期望会给知识创造带来压力或负面影响,在这些被调查的组织中,他们真的很讨厌这种期望。被调查组织的员工普遍接受非专横领导,以更好地识别和创造知识。无期望、非专横的领导行为有助于知识创造的组织努力。研究局限:本研究仅在六个印度组织或位于印度的组织中进行。因此,其泛化性仅限于其他类似的上下文。实践启示:本研究提供了一些建议,以帮助组织的领导和高层管理人员设计和实施这些实践和行动,这将有助于有效的知识获取,以实现组织卓越。原创性/价值:关于知识创造及其决定因素的文献和实证研究缺乏,这些研究考虑了广泛的变量以及它们各自的激活和禁用角色和贡献。这项关于印度组织中领导者行为对知识创造影响的实证研究填补了这一空白。
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引用次数: 5
The Entrepreneurial Orientation Can Enhance the Teacher Performance in Higher Education 创业取向能提高高等教育教师绩效
Pub Date : 2011-09-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1922956
Naeem Hayat, M. Riaz
The high employers demand for seeking the best candidate to perform the job with perfect professional skills make the job market competitive for the job seeking candidates specially the new graduates. The ease of rapid technology transfer and the continuous weak boundaries of the international borders compel the job seekers to continuously upgrade his or her professional skill set. This also affects the traditional role of the teacher in the class in which teacher had to meet the demands of the educational institution and the demands of his class simultaneously. The added dimension would be that the teacher must have to be fully aware with the changing demands of the job market, where students have to be employed. This complex situation requires from the teacher to create a balance between job market, educational institute and students. The classic framework of the classroom skills was not enough for the job market for which students were prepared and where public/private organizational demands frequently increased and changed. To meet these divergent demands teacher have to adopt the leadership style and use more entrepreneurial orientation skills like innovation, pro activeness and risk taking to play his role successfully. This paper tries to investigate that how entrepreneurial orientation skills helps the teacher in higher education to better satisfy their students as well as make them capable to be employed in the job market. Data has been collected within the strength of 200 students. The students are perusing the higher education from business education department of two different universities. The collected data has been analyzed through SPSS. The findings will definitely contribute new knowledge in the fields of leadership and entrepreneurship for teaching at higher education level, especially educational leadership.
雇主对寻找具有完美专业技能的最佳候选人的高需求使得就业市场对求职者特别是应届毕业生竞争激烈。快速技术转移的便利和国际边界的持续薄弱迫使求职者不断提升自己的专业技能。这也影响了教师在课堂上的传统角色,教师必须同时满足教育机构的需求和课堂的需求。增加的维度是,教师必须充分意识到就业市场需求的变化,学生必须被雇佣。这种复杂的情况要求教师在就业市场、教育机构和学生之间建立一个平衡。课堂技能的经典框架对于学生准备的就业市场和公共/私人组织需求经常增加和变化的就业市场是不够的。为了满足这些不同的需求,教师必须采用领导风格,并使用更多的创业导向技能,如创新,积极主动和冒险精神,以成功发挥自己的作用。本文试图探讨创业导向技能如何帮助高等教育教师更好地满足学生,并使他们有能力在就业市场上就业。数据是在200名学生的范围内收集的。学生们分别在两所不同大学的商业教育系接受高等教育。收集的数据通过SPSS进行分析。研究结果将为高等教育特别是教育领导学的教学提供新的知识。
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引用次数: 12
Scarlet Letter: Are the CEOs and Directors of Failed Companies ‘Tainted’? 红字:失败公司的首席执行官和董事是否“有污点”?
Pub Date : 2011-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1920526
D. Larcker, Brian Tayan
There is a consistent pattern that emerges when a company suffers from a major governance failure: the stock price falls, the company faces lawsuits, and there is elevated turnover in both the executive suite and the boardroom. The impact on the careers of the former executives and directors of these companies is less clear. Recent experience suggests that many CEOs and directors of failed companies are able to retain outside directorships – and even obtain new ones – following their forced departures. 1. Should this be a concern for shareholders? 2. What is the standard by which the culpability of an executive or director should be measured? When are they too tainted by their experience to serve at other companies? 3. Is it plausible that officers and directors involved in an accounting or ethical problem can learn valuable lessons from the experience? Read the attached Closer Look and let us know what you think. Topics, Issues and Controversies in Corporate Governance and Leadership: The Closer Look series is a collection of short case studies through which we explore topics, issues, and controversies in corporate governance. In each study, we take a targeted look at a specific issue that is relevant to the current debate on governance and explain why it is so important. Larcker and Tayan are co-authors of the book Corporate Governance Matters, and A Real Look at Real World Corporate Governance.
当一家公司遭遇重大治理失败时,会出现一个一致的模式:股价下跌,公司面临诉讼,高管和董事会的人员流动率都在上升。对这些公司前高管和董事职业生涯的影响尚不清楚。最近的经验表明,许多倒闭公司的首席执行官和董事在被迫离职后,仍能保留外部董事职位,甚至还能获得新的职位。1. 这应该引起股东的关注吗?2. 衡量行政人员或董事罪责的标准是什么?他们什么时候会因为自己的经历而无法胜任其他公司的工作?3.卷入会计或道德问题的高级管理人员和董事能否从这些经历中吸取宝贵的教训?仔细阅读附件,让我们知道你的想法。公司治理和领导力中的主题、问题和争议:《近距离观察》系列是一系列简短案例研究的集合,我们通过这些案例研究探索公司治理中的主题、问题和争议。在每一项研究中,我们都有针对性地研究一个与当前关于治理的辩论相关的特定问题,并解释为什么它如此重要。Larcker和Tayan是《公司治理问题》和《真实世界公司治理》一书的合著者。
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引用次数: 3
Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating Value for Individuals, Organizations, and Society 战略创业:为个人、组织和社会创造价值
Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1994491
M. Hitt, R. Ireland, David G. Sirmon, Cheryl A. Trahms
Executive Overview The foci of strategic entrepreneurship (SE) are broad and rich, building on research from multiple disciplines such as economics, psychology, and sociology, along with other subdisciplines in management including organizational behavior and organization theory. Herein, we examine the contributions of strategic management and entrepreneurship to SE. Building on a previous model of SE, we develop an input-process-output model to extend our understanding of the SE construct. We examine the resource inputs into SE, such as individual knowledge and skills. In addition, we explore the resource orchestration processes that are important for SE and the outcomes, including creating value for customers, building wealth for stockholders, and creating benefits for other stakeholders, especially for society at large. Individual entrepreneurs also benefit through financial wealth, but other outcomes such as personal satisfaction and fulfillment of personal needs (e.g., self-actualization) may be of e...
战略创业(SE)的重点是广泛而丰富的,建立在多个学科的研究基础上,如经济学、心理学和社会学,以及管理中的其他分支学科,包括组织行为学和组织理论。本文考察了战略管理和企业家精神对企业自主创新的贡献。在以前的SE模型的基础上,我们开发了一个输入-流程-输出模型,以扩展我们对SE结构的理解。我们检查资源输入,例如个人知识和技能。此外,我们还探讨了对SE和结果很重要的资源编排过程,包括为客户创造价值,为股东创造财富,为其他利益相关者创造利益,特别是为整个社会创造利益。个人企业家也从金融财富中受益,但其他结果,如个人满意度和个人需求的实现(例如,自我实现)可能更重要。
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