— In the present work, an attempt was made to develop high quality cast aluminum alloys via a new casting technology, e.g., the heated mold continuous casting (HMC) with ultrasonic vibration (UV) process. With the UV process in the continuous casting process, fine and spherical grains were obtained, where the lattice structure is formed similarly before the UV process while dislocation density increases. The mechanical properties of the UV-HMC Al alloys are higher than those for the related cast Al alloys without UV although still high material ductility is obtained. The lattice and dislocation characteristics of the continuous cast samples made with and without the UV processes were analyzed systematically by the EBSD observations to interrupt clearly their mechanical properties.
{"title":"Material Properties of Various Light Metals Produced by Heated Mold Continuous Casting","authors":"Y. Miyamoto, M. Okayasu","doi":"10.20342/ijsmm.2.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/ijsmm.2.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"— In the present work, an attempt was made to develop high quality cast aluminum alloys via a new casting technology, e.g., the heated mold continuous casting (HMC) with ultrasonic vibration (UV) process. With the UV process in the continuous casting process, fine and spherical grains were obtained, where the lattice structure is formed similarly before the UV process while dislocation density increases. The mechanical properties of the UV-HMC Al alloys are higher than those for the related cast Al alloys without UV although still high material ductility is obtained. The lattice and dislocation characteristics of the continuous cast samples made with and without the UV processes were analyzed systematically by the EBSD observations to interrupt clearly their mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the recognition problem of facial expressions, which is based on 3D surface common features, is addressed by using a deep learning structure. A face in 3D is captured by a 3D sensor, where the raw data is provided in a point cloud structure. A geometric attribute map that is a surface common feature is obtained from such 3D point cloud data. Then, a set of maps are fed into a convolution neural network (CNN), which is pre-trained by an auto-encoder in previous work. The CNN is used to predict the activity and arousal parameters of each part on the face. At the last layer of the whole network, such parameters are used to predict the current facial expression. Note here that as the database, there are six different facial expressions such as angry, fear, happy, etc., captured from 30 peoples in 230 frames, and it is more than 40 thousand sets in total. As a result, the CNN with pre-training on surface common features outperforms the hand-crafted descriptors in the same experimental condition.
{"title":"An Emotional Recognition System for Facial Expressions with Surface Common Features","authors":"Maierdan Maimaitimin, Keigo Watanabe, S. Maeyama","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.192","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the recognition problem of facial expressions, which is based on 3D surface common features, is addressed by using a deep learning structure. A face in 3D is captured by a 3D sensor, where the raw data is provided in a point cloud structure. A geometric attribute map that is a surface common feature is obtained from such 3D point cloud data. Then, a set of maps are fed into a convolution neural network (CNN), which is pre-trained by an auto-encoder in previous work. The CNN is used to predict the activity and arousal parameters of each part on the face. At the last layer of the whole network, such parameters are used to predict the current facial expression. Note here that as the database, there are six different facial expressions such as angry, fear, happy, etc., captured from 30 peoples in 230 frames, and it is more than 40 thousand sets in total. As a result, the CNN with pre-training on surface common features outperforms the hand-crafted descriptors in the same experimental condition.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– Dimension of an air distribution channel of a pneumatic cylinder is an important factor in a manufacturing process for developing a basic standard for industrial production. The main challenge is how to formulate a computation of the dimension in the form of a simple equation that can serve as a useful guide for local industries. The aim of this research is to determine the dimension of the air distribution channel of a pneumatic cylinder. Load cells and fitting dimension variant can be attached at the end of piston road and in inlet/outlet port of pneumatic cylinder. Furthermore moving time of piston road and loads derived from control valve and sensor operated. A number of factors related to various operating and loading conditions need to be considered to obtain optimum performance of the pneumatic cylinder. The results show that the working pressure and intake diameter are directly proportional to the cylinder performance. Increasing load of the cylinder causes a reduction in the pressure. For any changes in the dimension of the air distribution channel, the operation pressure and the external load influence the air flow speed entering the cylinder and at the same time also affect piston speed. Thus, an effective mathematical expression for computing the dimension of the channel in the pneumatic cylinder has been developed for that can be used in a manufacturing process, thereby yielding a useful product for both consumers and industries.
{"title":"A Method to Compute Dimension of an Air Distribution Channel of a Pneumatic Cylinder","authors":"S. Ka’ka, S. Himran, I. Renreng, O. Sutresman","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.226","url":null,"abstract":"– Dimension of an air distribution channel of a pneumatic cylinder is an important factor in a manufacturing process for developing a basic standard for industrial production. The main challenge is how to formulate a computation of the dimension in the form of a simple equation that can serve as a useful guide for local industries. The aim of this research is to determine the dimension of the air distribution channel of a pneumatic cylinder. Load cells and fitting dimension variant can be attached at the end of piston road and in inlet/outlet port of pneumatic cylinder. Furthermore moving time of piston road and loads derived from control valve and sensor operated. A number of factors related to various operating and loading conditions need to be considered to obtain optimum performance of the pneumatic cylinder. The results show that the working pressure and intake diameter are directly proportional to the cylinder performance. Increasing load of the cylinder causes a reduction in the pressure. For any changes in the dimension of the air distribution channel, the operation pressure and the external load influence the air flow speed entering the cylinder and at the same time also affect piston speed. Thus, an effective mathematical expression for computing the dimension of the channel in the pneumatic cylinder has been developed for that can be used in a manufacturing process, thereby yielding a useful product for both consumers and industries.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Nur, U. R. Irfan, Sufriadin Sufriadin, A. Ilyas
{"title":"Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristicsof the Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposits in Sangka","authors":"I. Nur, U. R. Irfan, Sufriadin Sufriadin, A. Ilyas","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68299000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naharuddin Naharuddin, B. Bakri, S. Chandrabakty, M. Nasir, Y. Allo
{"title":"Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Deflection on Hybrid Composite with Coir and Agave angustof","authors":"Naharuddin Naharuddin, B. Bakri, S. Chandrabakty, M. Nasir, Y. Allo","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
—The kinodynamic control aims to design a control input so that we consider kinematic constraints, which is generated from an environment, and dynamic constraints of the airframe, simultaneously. In the previous research, we converted the environmental information to the harmonic potential field (HPF), and added its gradient information to the conventional dynamical control input. However, it was assumed in the previous research that the environmental information is known absolutely. In this research, we assume the actual situation that the quadrotor flies autonomously in an indoor environment. We propose the kinodynamic control that considers the measurable region of the sensor mounted on the quadrotor to obtain the environmental information. In this paper, we make a basic simulation experiment and confirm that the proposed control input works well.
{"title":"Basic Simulations of Kinodynamic Control Using Local Environmental Information","authors":"K. Motonaka, Keigo Watanabe","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.232","url":null,"abstract":"—The kinodynamic control aims to design a control input so that we consider kinematic constraints, which is generated from an environment, and dynamic constraints of the airframe, simultaneously. In the previous research, we converted the environmental information to the harmonic potential field (HPF), and added its gradient information to the conventional dynamical control input. However, it was assumed in the previous research that the environmental information is known absolutely. In this research, we assume the actual situation that the quadrotor flies autonomously in an indoor environment. We propose the kinodynamic control that considers the measurable region of the sensor mounted on the quadrotor to obtain the environmental information. In this paper, we make a basic simulation experiment and confirm that the proposed control input works well.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports the effect of initial masss of the corn for fluidized bed drying system. The fluidized bed drying system is divided into the blower, the heater and the drying column. In this fluidized bed drying apparatus the maximum initial mass of the shelled corn is 4.5 kg for the maximum drying air velocity from the blower is 7.02 m/s. The material more than 5 kg is difficult to fluidize for this new experimental drying apparatus.
{"title":"The Effect of Initial Mass of Shelled Corn for Fluidized Bed Drying System","authors":"S. Syahrul, S. Sukmawaty","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.212","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the effect of initial masss of the corn for fluidized bed drying system. The fluidized bed drying system is divided into the blower, the heater and the drying column. In this fluidized bed drying apparatus the maximum initial mass of the shelled corn is 4.5 kg for the maximum drying air velocity from the blower is 7.02 m/s. The material more than 5 kg is difficult to fluidize for this new experimental drying apparatus.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
—In order for an underwater robot to investigate an investigation environment everywhere, it needs to grasp an own position. However, since underwater is the environment where an electric wave does not arrive, it cannot acquire position information from GPS (Global Positioning System) etc. Moreover, small AUVs like the Manta robot are difficult to use a large-sized sensor for ships. Therefore, in this research, we build a localization technique suitable for small AUVs like the Manta robot. It discusses about the optical flow technique suitable for the Manta robot, and verifies about the influence of change of the height from a camera to an object. Furthermore, after pointing out that the pitch movement of the Manta robot influences the detection of an optical flow greatly, in this paper, an oscillatory motion that is similar to the pitch movement of the Manta robot is artificially given to an optical flow, and we discuss about its influence.
{"title":"A Localization Method for Manta Robots Using an Optical Flow Technique","authors":"M. Ikeda, Kota Mikurya, Keigo Watanabe, I. Nagai","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.196","url":null,"abstract":"—In order for an underwater robot to investigate an investigation environment everywhere, it needs to grasp an own position. However, since underwater is the environment where an electric wave does not arrive, it cannot acquire position information from GPS (Global Positioning System) etc. Moreover, small AUVs like the Manta robot are difficult to use a large-sized sensor for ships. Therefore, in this research, we build a localization technique suitable for small AUVs like the Manta robot. It discusses about the optical flow technique suitable for the Manta robot, and verifies about the influence of change of the height from a camera to an object. Furthermore, after pointing out that the pitch movement of the Manta robot influences the detection of an optical flow greatly, in this paper, an oscillatory motion that is similar to the pitch movement of the Manta robot is artificially given to an optical flow, and we discuss about its influence.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is aimed to develop percussion instruments such as wind bell, hand bell, etc. with Tobe pottery which is a traditional product of Ehime prefecture in Japan. Not only the fundamental natural frequency corresponding to the desired music scale is designed, but also the higher order natural frequencies are considered in order to obtain a pleasant sound color. The material properties and vibration characteristics of the Tobe pottery are investigated by impact test and spectral analysis at first. And then, using the finite element method software, the shape of each musical scale model is estimated by changing the sizes of the Tobe pottery numerically. Since the second natural vibration is a major factor influencing the tone color, two approaches are used to change the tone color: (1) optimizing the shape of the pottery so that the second natural frequency changes to an objective frequency under a specified fundamental natural frequency, and (2) optimizing the shape of the pottery so that the contribution ratio of the second vibration changes under a specified fundamental natural frequency. Both approaches are developed with the basis vector method which is a technique of shape optimization. Finally, because of the shrinkage of material after firing, the initial shape of the pottery before the firing is also estimated. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"A Study on Developing Percussion Instrument with Tobe Pottery","authors":"Zhiqiang Wu, Y. Arimitsu, Y. Sogabe, S. Shibata","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.201","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is aimed to develop percussion instruments such as wind bell, hand bell, etc. with Tobe pottery which is a traditional product of Ehime prefecture in Japan. Not only the fundamental natural frequency corresponding to the desired music scale is designed, but also the higher order natural frequencies are considered in order to obtain a pleasant sound color. The material properties and vibration characteristics of the Tobe pottery are investigated by impact test and spectral analysis at first. And then, using the finite element method software, the shape of each musical scale model is estimated by changing the sizes of the Tobe pottery numerically. Since the second natural vibration is a major factor influencing the tone color, two approaches are used to change the tone color: (1) optimizing the shape of the pottery so that the second natural frequency changes to an objective frequency under a specified fundamental natural frequency, and (2) optimizing the shape of the pottery so that the contribution ratio of the second vibration changes under a specified fundamental natural frequency. Both approaches are developed with the basis vector method which is a technique of shape optimization. Finally, because of the shrinkage of material after firing, the initial shape of the pottery before the firing is also estimated. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68298456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
— Pressure controlled pneumatic actuator system on the seat of a chair is proposed in this research. In the system, nine pneumatic actuators are allocated on the surface of a chair and inner pressures of them are controlled to alleviate the concentration of contact pressure between skin of a user and surface of the seat. Fundamental characteristics of the developed pneumatic actuator are evaluated experimentally. In addition, construction of the control system of them is introduced. The effectiveness of the adjustment of inner pressure of the actuators to alleviate the concentration of contact pressure is confirmed through experiments.
{"title":"A System Reducing Pressure of Buttock while Seating Using Pneumatic Actuators","authors":"S. Shibata, Tomonori Yamamoto, Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20342/IJSMM.3.2.215","url":null,"abstract":"— Pressure controlled pneumatic actuator system on the seat of a chair is proposed in this research. In the system, nine pneumatic actuators are allocated on the surface of a chair and inner pressures of them are controlled to alleviate the concentration of contact pressure between skin of a user and surface of the seat. Fundamental characteristics of the developed pneumatic actuator are evaluated experimentally. In addition, construction of the control system of them is introduced. The effectiveness of the adjustment of inner pressure of the actuators to alleviate the concentration of contact pressure is confirmed through experiments.","PeriodicalId":30772,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Smart Material and Mechatronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68299081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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