Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0002
Daniel R. Bare
This chapter begins by showing that in a geographically diverse array of black weekly newspapers, both proponents and opponents of fundamentalism considered it to be a major religious influence inside the black community. While this in itself highlights the need to seriously examine the nature and character of fundamentalist manifestations in the black community, the chapter goes on to illuminate persistent theological concerns in these newspapers’ discussions of fundamentalism, including supernaturalism, divine creationism, and biblical literalism, and to explore ways that these newspapers’ discussions also incorporated issues of race and racism.
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Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0007
Daniel R. Bare
Bringing the conversation into the present, this chapter begins with an incendiary incident that occurred in 2016 within the theologically conservative Christian Reformed community. Sparked by comments from a high-profile African American figure, Jemar Tisby, about how his white brethren’s support for Donald Trump made him feel unsafe in his church, the firestorm that ensued revealed certain racially inflected fissures and divisions that persist even in the midst of substantial theological congruity. Against the backdrop of the book’s historical analysis of black fundamentalists, this particular incident offers another occasion to reflect on the importance of social and racial context in shaping religious and political views.
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Daniel R. Bare","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing the conversation into the present, this chapter begins with an incendiary incident that occurred in 2016 within the theologically conservative Christian Reformed community. Sparked by comments from a high-profile African American figure, Jemar Tisby, about how his white brethren’s support for Donald Trump made him feel unsafe in his church, the firestorm that ensued revealed certain racially inflected fissures and divisions that persist even in the midst of substantial theological congruity. Against the backdrop of the book’s historical analysis of black fundamentalists, this particular incident offers another occasion to reflect on the importance of social and racial context in shaping religious and political views.","PeriodicalId":309537,"journal":{"name":"Black Fundamentalists","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114459273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0003
Daniel R. Bare
This chapter focuses on the most common and pervasive fundamentalist doctrines—the so-called five fundamentals of biblical inspiration, Christ’s divinity, the virgin birth, substitutionary atonement, and the literal resurrection and second coming of Christ—and compares how white fundamentalists and conservative black clergymen engaged these topics. Using The Fundamentals (completed in 1915) as a baseline for comparing theological formulations and drawing on newspaper articles, personal correspondence, pastors’ notes, sermons, and other sources, the chapter shows that black fundamentalists aligned closely with their white counterparts on these central doctrinal issues, and that at times their exposition and argumentation were formulated almost identically to the arguments used in the pages of The Fundamentals.
{"title":"Formulating the Faith","authors":"Daniel R. Bare","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the most common and pervasive fundamentalist doctrines—the so-called five fundamentals of biblical inspiration, Christ’s divinity, the virgin birth, substitutionary atonement, and the literal resurrection and second coming of Christ—and compares how white fundamentalists and conservative black clergymen engaged these topics. Using The Fundamentals (completed in 1915) as a baseline for comparing theological formulations and drawing on newspaper articles, personal correspondence, pastors’ notes, sermons, and other sources, the chapter shows that black fundamentalists aligned closely with their white counterparts on these central doctrinal issues, and that at times their exposition and argumentation were formulated almost identically to the arguments used in the pages of The Fundamentals.","PeriodicalId":309537,"journal":{"name":"Black Fundamentalists","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114621373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0005
Daniel R. Bare
This chapter examines the early history of the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville, Tennessee, which illustrates how fundamentalist convictions spanned the color line while also being circumscribed by racial context. Jointly founded and funded by the black National Baptist Convention and the white Southern Baptist Convention, this black Baptist seminary provides a compelling example of interracial cooperation and the power of shared religious identity. Yet at the same time, it also highlights the entrenched limitations of interracial unity in light of the segregationist realities of the culture, as Southern Baptist supporters were unable to fully cast off the assumption of white superiority and National Baptist participants were often necessarily preoccupied by racial considerations that would not have manifested in a white context.
{"title":"Religious Education and Interracial Cooperation","authors":"Daniel R. Bare","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the early history of the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville, Tennessee, which illustrates how fundamentalist convictions spanned the color line while also being circumscribed by racial context. Jointly founded and funded by the black National Baptist Convention and the white Southern Baptist Convention, this black Baptist seminary provides a compelling example of interracial cooperation and the power of shared religious identity. Yet at the same time, it also highlights the entrenched limitations of interracial unity in light of the segregationist realities of the culture, as Southern Baptist supporters were unable to fully cast off the assumption of white superiority and National Baptist participants were often necessarily preoccupied by racial considerations that would not have manifested in a white context.","PeriodicalId":309537,"journal":{"name":"Black Fundamentalists","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125505854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0006
Daniel R. Bare
Debates within the black community over the value of fundamentalist religion often involved evaluations of how fundamentalism affected the race as a whole (for good or for ill) in the quest for justice and racial equality. This consideration, in turn, was often paired with assertions about the nature of American identity and how African Americans could best stake their claim as full, rightful participants in the American experiment. In this context, fundamentalism was treated not only as a matter of religion, but also one of race and politics. Black fundamentalists argued for their race’s true Americanism by drawing on the idea that the United States was a historically “Christian nation” and connecting their “old-time” fundamentalist faith with American ideals such as emancipation and democracy, while critics cast fundamentalism as a regressive blight on the black community, out of step with such American ideals as free thinking, free expression, and religious toleration. In newspapers, in epistolary exchanges, and in pulpits the debate over whether fundamentalism ought to be understood as a religion of racial progress or a religion of racial regress continued into the 1930s and beyond.
{"title":"Contested Identities","authors":"Daniel R. Bare","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479803262.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Debates within the black community over the value of fundamentalist religion often involved evaluations of how fundamentalism affected the race as a whole (for good or for ill) in the quest for justice and racial equality. This consideration, in turn, was often paired with assertions about the nature of American identity and how African Americans could best stake their claim as full, rightful participants in the American experiment. In this context, fundamentalism was treated not only as a matter of religion, but also one of race and politics. Black fundamentalists argued for their race’s true Americanism by drawing on the idea that the United States was a historically “Christian nation” and connecting their “old-time” fundamentalist faith with American ideals such as emancipation and democracy, while critics cast fundamentalism as a regressive blight on the black community, out of step with such American ideals as free thinking, free expression, and religious toleration. In newspapers, in epistolary exchanges, and in pulpits the debate over whether fundamentalism ought to be understood as a religion of racial progress or a religion of racial regress continued into the 1930s and beyond.","PeriodicalId":309537,"journal":{"name":"Black Fundamentalists","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116214120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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