Background: An eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles employing various plant extracts has become of great interest in the field of nanotechnology. In the present study, the efficacy of Grewia tiliifolia leaf extract in reducing 1mM silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) has been reported for the first time and also we investigated the anticancer, antituberculosis and antioxidant activity. Methods: Characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs using G. tiliifolia leaf extract was evaluated by Uv-Vis, FTIR, XRD, DLS and TEM with SAED. Efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs using G. tiliifolia leaf extract was tested for cytotoxicity against A549 Lung cancer cell lines by MTT Assay and also against the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis using MABA Assay. Further antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavaging assay. Results: The biosynthesis of AgNPs was evident by color change of reaction mixture from dark yellow to reddish-brown. Biofabricated AgNPs was further confirmed by characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 409nm by UV-vis analysis. FTIR data reveals the presence of phytochemicals involved in bioreduction and biocapping of AgNPs, XRD analysis depicted crystallographic nature of AgNPs. Further, size, charge, and polydispersity nature were studied using DLS (40.2nm with polydispersity index 0.361) and Zeta potential (-35.8mV). The morphology of AgNPs was determined by TEM analysis with size ranging from 11-34nm. The plant derived AgNPs exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the Lung cancer cell line with IC50 value of 23.45µg/ml and also found to be effective against M. tuberculosis with a MIC of 6.25µg/ml in comparison to the leaf extract (MIC 50µg/ml). Antioxidant activity observed by AgNPs was moderate with IC50 value 49.60 µg/ml. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the AgNPs synthesized from leaf extract of G. tiliifolia are eco-friendly, cost-effective, non-toxic and can be the effective natural anticancer, antituberculosis agents and antioxidant agent.
{"title":"Characterization and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Leaf Extract","authors":"Sneha Desai K, T. Taranath","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles employing various plant extracts has become of great interest in the field of nanotechnology. In the present study, the efficacy of Grewia tiliifolia leaf extract in reducing 1mM silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) has been reported for the first time and also we investigated the anticancer, antituberculosis and antioxidant activity. Methods: Characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs using G. tiliifolia leaf extract was evaluated by Uv-Vis, FTIR, XRD, DLS and TEM with SAED. Efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs using G. tiliifolia leaf extract was tested for cytotoxicity against A549 Lung cancer cell lines by MTT Assay and also against the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis using MABA Assay. Further antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavaging assay. Results: The biosynthesis of AgNPs was evident by color change of reaction mixture from dark yellow to reddish-brown. Biofabricated AgNPs was further confirmed by characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 409nm by UV-vis analysis. FTIR data reveals the presence of phytochemicals involved in bioreduction and biocapping of AgNPs, XRD analysis depicted crystallographic nature of AgNPs. Further, size, charge, and polydispersity nature were studied using DLS (40.2nm with polydispersity index 0.361) and Zeta potential (-35.8mV). The morphology of AgNPs was determined by TEM analysis with size ranging from 11-34nm. The plant derived AgNPs exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the Lung cancer cell line with IC50 value of 23.45µg/ml and also found to be effective against M. tuberculosis with a MIC of 6.25µg/ml in comparison to the leaf extract (MIC 50µg/ml). Antioxidant activity observed by AgNPs was moderate with IC50 value 49.60 µg/ml. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the AgNPs synthesized from leaf extract of G. tiliifolia are eco-friendly, cost-effective, non-toxic and can be the effective natural anticancer, antituberculosis agents and antioxidant agent.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79969277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khordadmehr, Hamed Ezzati, A. Shahbazfar, Farinaz Jigari Asl, B. Baradaran, Elham Baghebani, Saeed Noorolyai
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can play essential roles in the modulation of cancer cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, we hypothesized that restoration of miR-451a-5p (a tumor suppressor) might affect sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in breast cancer cells. Methods: For this purpose, malignant breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were transfected with miR-451a-5p mimic and exposed with carboplatin. Then, the apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry and DAPI staining (apoptosis), q-RT-PCR (expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, MMP9, ROCK, vimentin, c-Myc genes). Moreover, the proliferation and migration of cancer cells were assessed by MTT (cell viability) and wound healing assay. The western blot assay was used for protein expression of PTEN, AKT, and P-AKT. Results: Our findings demonstrated that a combination of miR-451a-5p restoration with carboplatin administration could additionally induce apoptosis, repress the proliferation and migration, and also increase PTEN protein expression with no significant alteration on the AKT/P-AKT protein expressions in the breast cancer cells. The present data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6 software by non-parametric one-way ANOVA and t-test. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that overexpression of miR-451a can enhance the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to carboplatin therapy. Thus, it may shed new light on miR-451a management of breast cancer chemoresistance and may be a beneficial strategy for future cancer therapy. However, further studies, particularly in other signaling pathways, should be required.
{"title":"miR-451a-5p modulates breast cancer cell apoptosis, migration, and chemosensitivity to carboplatin through the PTEN pathway","authors":"M. Khordadmehr, Hamed Ezzati, A. Shahbazfar, Farinaz Jigari Asl, B. Baradaran, Elham Baghebani, Saeed Noorolyai","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can play essential roles in the modulation of cancer cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, we hypothesized that restoration of miR-451a-5p (a tumor suppressor) might affect sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in breast cancer cells. Methods: For this purpose, malignant breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were transfected with miR-451a-5p mimic and exposed with carboplatin. Then, the apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry and DAPI staining (apoptosis), q-RT-PCR (expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, MMP9, ROCK, vimentin, c-Myc genes). Moreover, the proliferation and migration of cancer cells were assessed by MTT (cell viability) and wound healing assay. The western blot assay was used for protein expression of PTEN, AKT, and P-AKT. Results: Our findings demonstrated that a combination of miR-451a-5p restoration with carboplatin administration could additionally induce apoptosis, repress the proliferation and migration, and also increase PTEN protein expression with no significant alteration on the AKT/P-AKT protein expressions in the breast cancer cells. The present data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6 software by non-parametric one-way ANOVA and t-test. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that overexpression of miR-451a can enhance the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to carboplatin therapy. Thus, it may shed new light on miR-451a management of breast cancer chemoresistance and may be a beneficial strategy for future cancer therapy. However, further studies, particularly in other signaling pathways, should be required.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86652492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis L.O. Kuntze) is one of the most commonly consumed beverages globally, with several beneficial health effects. The composition of leaves is affected by different factors such as climate and tea cultivar. Methods: In this study, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents, and antioxidant activities of eight cultivars of tea growing in Iran were determined. The epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were used to construct a supervised pattern recognition model using a genetic algorithm-support vector machine (GA-SVM) for the classification of cultivars. Results: The results indicated a wide variation of total phenolic content (178.04 to 316.09 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract). Also, the flavonoid contents ranged from 25.54 to 41.1 mg quercetin equivalents )QE(/g extract. All the samples had close tannin amounts (ranging from 40.32 to 45.90 mg as tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g extract). There was a significant linear relationship among total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties. The cultivars DN, PK2, and C.Y.9 had the highest content of phenolic and flavonoid content as well as the best antioxidant activity. The EGCG contents were from 2.66 to 4.12%. The highest amount of EGCG was found in cultivars 282, PK2, and C.Y.9. The discriminative region of FT-IR spectra (1350-1650 cm-1) were selected using a GA-SVM. This model showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for training and test sets. Conclusion: The leaves phytochemical compositions and antioxidant effect are deeply dependent on the type of tea cultivars. The cultivars PK2 and C.Y.9 can be considered richer sources of polyphenols, especially EGCG. The eight different cultivars can be classified based on chemical components using the recorded FT-IR spectra.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of eight cultivars of tea (Camellia sinensis) and rapid discrimination with FTIR spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques","authors":"Fatemeh Yousefbeyk, Heshmatollah Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, Sara Dabirian, Salar Salimi, Farshid Baniardalani, Saeed Ghasemi","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis L.O. Kuntze) is one of the most commonly consumed beverages globally, with several beneficial health effects. The composition of leaves is affected by different factors such as climate and tea cultivar. Methods: In this study, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents, and antioxidant activities of eight cultivars of tea growing in Iran were determined. The epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were used to construct a supervised pattern recognition model using a genetic algorithm-support vector machine (GA-SVM) for the classification of cultivars. Results: The results indicated a wide variation of total phenolic content (178.04 to 316.09 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract). Also, the flavonoid contents ranged from 25.54 to 41.1 mg quercetin equivalents )QE(/g extract. All the samples had close tannin amounts (ranging from 40.32 to 45.90 mg as tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g extract). There was a significant linear relationship among total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties. The cultivars DN, PK2, and C.Y.9 had the highest content of phenolic and flavonoid content as well as the best antioxidant activity. The EGCG contents were from 2.66 to 4.12%. The highest amount of EGCG was found in cultivars 282, PK2, and C.Y.9. The discriminative region of FT-IR spectra (1350-1650 cm-1) were selected using a GA-SVM. This model showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for training and test sets. Conclusion: The leaves phytochemical compositions and antioxidant effect are deeply dependent on the type of tea cultivars. The cultivars PK2 and C.Y.9 can be considered richer sources of polyphenols, especially EGCG. The eight different cultivars can be classified based on chemical components using the recorded FT-IR spectra.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80270162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roghayeh Baghervand Navid, M. Karimi, M. Ghojazadeh, Alireza Bagherzadeh-karimi, R. Mohammadinasab, S. Dolati, Mehri Basnas, Roya Cheraghi, S. Fazljou
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joints. The management of OA is challenging due to the efficacy and safety of treatments. In recent decades, traditional herbal medicines have been introduced for treatment of disease. Delphinium denudatum Wall. (Jadwar) is a medicinal herb with a long-lasting usage in traditional Persian medicine for joint diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Jadwar on pain and symptoms of knee OA. Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 104 patients with knee OA were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. While the intervention group received one Jadwar capsule (500 mg) twice a day for four weeks, the control group received placebo capsules. The primary outcomes, including pain, stiffness, and physical activity were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline two and four weeks after the intervention. Results: Ninety-four participants completed the study. Considering the time of interaction, after four weeks, data analysis revealed a significant decrease in the VAS score (37.23±12.58 vs. 57.87±13.21), total WOMAC score (24.83±9.70 vs. 49.17±12.89), WOMAC pain score (7.19±2.90 vs. 12.40±4.46), stiffness (2.06± 0.845 vs. 4.11±1.14), and physical function (15.57±7.25 vs. 32.66±9.78) in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.0001 for all outcomes). Additionally, no serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Jadwar can be suggested as a safe medicinal plant for knee OA because it can relieve the pain and symptoms of OA.
{"title":"Effect of Delphinium denudatum Wall. (Jadwar) on knee osteoarthritis: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial","authors":"Roghayeh Baghervand Navid, M. Karimi, M. Ghojazadeh, Alireza Bagherzadeh-karimi, R. Mohammadinasab, S. Dolati, Mehri Basnas, Roya Cheraghi, S. Fazljou","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joints. The management of OA is challenging due to the efficacy and safety of treatments. In recent decades, traditional herbal medicines have been introduced for treatment of disease. Delphinium denudatum Wall. (Jadwar) is a medicinal herb with a long-lasting usage in traditional Persian medicine for joint diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Jadwar on pain and symptoms of knee OA. Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 104 patients with knee OA were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. While the intervention group received one Jadwar capsule (500 mg) twice a day for four weeks, the control group received placebo capsules. The primary outcomes, including pain, stiffness, and physical activity were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline two and four weeks after the intervention. Results: Ninety-four participants completed the study. Considering the time of interaction, after four weeks, data analysis revealed a significant decrease in the VAS score (37.23±12.58 vs. 57.87±13.21), total WOMAC score (24.83±9.70 vs. 49.17±12.89), WOMAC pain score (7.19±2.90 vs. 12.40±4.46), stiffness (2.06± 0.845 vs. 4.11±1.14), and physical function (15.57±7.25 vs. 32.66±9.78) in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.0001 for all outcomes). Additionally, no serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Jadwar can be suggested as a safe medicinal plant for knee OA because it can relieve the pain and symptoms of OA.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90502795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The immune system plays an essential role in cancer pathogenesis through providing an inflammatory immune response. Chronic inflammation causes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis facilitated by interactions between tumor, immune, and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various inflammatory mediators and growth factors secreted by cells in the TME exert a synergistic effect on cancer promotion. Thus, the development of cancer therapies that lead to inhibition of the activity of immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cancer-inducing growth factors is a promising therapeutic strategy. Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) is an ethnomedicinal plant with immunomodulatory and anticancer activity. A. paniculata can also inhibit the resistance of chemotherapy agents associated with the TME as adjuvant chemotherapy. This review focuses on the mechanism of A. paniculata in suppressing cancer-associated chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis through modulation of the immune response. The results show that A. paniculata exerts anticancer effects directly targeting cancer cells, inhibiting cancer growth by modulating immune responses. A. paniculata exerts anticancer effects by inhibiting the production of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines via the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. In addition, this review provides a new hypothesis regarding the potential of A. paniculata to serve as an anticancer agent that can inhibit cancer cell proliferation at the angiogenesis and metastatic stages through regulating inflammation due to interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME.
免疫系统通过提供炎症免疫反应在癌症发病机制中发挥重要作用。在肿瘤微环境(TME)中，肿瘤、免疫细胞和基质细胞之间的相互作用促进了慢性炎症引起肿瘤生长、血管生成和转移。TME细胞分泌的多种炎症介质和生长因子在促癌过程中发挥协同作用。因此，开发抑制免疫细胞、细胞因子、趋化因子和癌症诱导生长因子活性的癌症疗法是一种很有前途的治疗策略。穿心莲(A. paniculata)是一种具有免疫调节和抗癌作用的民族药材。作为辅助化疗，金针叶还能抑制化疗药物对TME的耐药性。本文就金针叶通过调节免疫反应抑制肿瘤相关慢性炎症、血管生成和转移的机制进行综述。结果表明，金针叶直接针对癌细胞发挥抗癌作用，通过调节免疫反应抑制癌细胞生长。金银花通过核因子- κ B (NF- -ĸB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、Janus激酶(JAK)/信号转导和转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路抑制细胞因子、生长因子和趋化因子的产生，发挥抗癌作用。此外，本综述还提出了一种新的假设，即金针叶作为一种抗癌药物，可以通过调节肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞和基质细胞之间的相互作用，抑制肿瘤细胞在血管生成和转移阶段的增殖。
{"title":"The Role of Andrographis paniculata in Modulating the Immune Response in Cancer-Associated Chronic Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis","authors":"Rengganis Ulvia, A. P. Gani, R. Murwanti","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.25","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system plays an essential role in cancer pathogenesis through providing an inflammatory immune response. Chronic inflammation causes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis facilitated by interactions between tumor, immune, and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various inflammatory mediators and growth factors secreted by cells in the TME exert a synergistic effect on cancer promotion. Thus, the development of cancer therapies that lead to inhibition of the activity of immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cancer-inducing growth factors is a promising therapeutic strategy. Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) is an ethnomedicinal plant with immunomodulatory and anticancer activity. A. paniculata can also inhibit the resistance of chemotherapy agents associated with the TME as adjuvant chemotherapy. This review focuses on the mechanism of A. paniculata in suppressing cancer-associated chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis through modulation of the immune response. The results show that A. paniculata exerts anticancer effects directly targeting cancer cells, inhibiting cancer growth by modulating immune responses. A. paniculata exerts anticancer effects by inhibiting the production of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines via the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. In addition, this review provides a new hypothesis regarding the potential of A. paniculata to serve as an anticancer agent that can inhibit cancer cell proliferation at the angiogenesis and metastatic stages through regulating inflammation due to interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77912112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sabet Sarvestani, A. Tamaddon, M. Karimi, R. Yaghoobi, B. Geramizadeh, M. Heydari, I. Al-Abdullah, N. Azarpira
Background:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the loss of pancreatic islets. Islet allotransplantation is a potentially beneficial therapeutic approach for diabetes. Islets suffer a variety of cellular insults including ischemia and partial vascular loss during isolation, resulting in a significant reduction in viability prior to transplantation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of angiogenic microRNA (miRNA)-126 and -210 on islet function and viability in an indirect way. Methods:Poly Ethylenimine (PEI)-miRNA-126 and -210 polyplexes were constructed at various Nitrogen/Phosphate (N/P) ratios. After confirmation by gel retardation and ethidium bromide dye exclusion assay, its cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were analyzed by MTT and fluorescent assays, respectively. After that, the selected polyplexes were used to transfect Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in vitro and were indirectly co-cultured with islet cells for three days. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoassay were conducted to verify the regulation of target genes and the functionality of the islets. Results:The findings showed that PEI could condense miRNAs at N/P=5. The viability of the HUVECs was decreased by increasing the amount of PEI. Additionally, ployplex-126 and -210 led to a decrease in the expressions of target genes, phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2, sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1, and ephrin-A3 in the islets. Moreover, the expressions of Bax and Bcl2 and their ratio in the treated groups by polyplex-126 and -210 led to better survival and function of the islets, with a higher expression of insulin and response to glucose stimulations. Furthermore, polyplex-210 could downregulate the anti-angiogenic protein, thrombospondin 1, compared to the other groups. Finally, the secretion of C-peptide was higher in polyplex-210 than in the other groups, adjusted for insulin secretion. Conclusion:The results indicated that angiogenic miRNAs could promote the survival and function of islet cells by interacting with their targets.
{"title":"Construction and transfer of PEI-miRNA-126/210 polyplex into Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells with investigation of its effect on islets survival and function","authors":"F. Sabet Sarvestani, A. Tamaddon, M. Karimi, R. Yaghoobi, B. Geramizadeh, M. Heydari, I. Al-Abdullah, N. Azarpira","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the loss of pancreatic islets. Islet allotransplantation is a potentially beneficial therapeutic approach for diabetes. Islets suffer a variety of cellular insults including ischemia and partial vascular loss during isolation, resulting in a significant reduction in viability prior to transplantation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of angiogenic microRNA (miRNA)-126 and -210 on islet function and viability in an indirect way. Methods:Poly Ethylenimine (PEI)-miRNA-126 and -210 polyplexes were constructed at various Nitrogen/Phosphate (N/P) ratios. After confirmation by gel retardation and ethidium bromide dye exclusion assay, its cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were analyzed by MTT and fluorescent assays, respectively. After that, the selected polyplexes were used to transfect Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in vitro and were indirectly co-cultured with islet cells for three days. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoassay were conducted to verify the regulation of target genes and the functionality of the islets. Results:The findings showed that PEI could condense miRNAs at N/P=5. The viability of the HUVECs was decreased by increasing the amount of PEI. Additionally, ployplex-126 and -210 led to a decrease in the expressions of target genes, phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2, sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1, and ephrin-A3 in the islets. Moreover, the expressions of Bax and Bcl2 and their ratio in the treated groups by polyplex-126 and -210 led to better survival and function of the islets, with a higher expression of insulin and response to glucose stimulations. Furthermore, polyplex-210 could downregulate the anti-angiogenic protein, thrombospondin 1, compared to the other groups. Finally, the secretion of C-peptide was higher in polyplex-210 than in the other groups, adjusted for insulin secretion. Conclusion:The results indicated that angiogenic miRNAs could promote the survival and function of islet cells by interacting with their targets.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81128882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emdormi Rymbai, D. Sugumar, J. Selvaraj, Ram Kothandam, Divakar Selvaraj
Despite the tremendous progress in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is expected to increase due to the emergence of drug resistance. Pro-inflammatory markers are thought to contribute to drug resistance by activation of its naive receptors and its downstream signaling pathways. Elevation of pro-inflammatory markers leads to an increase in the biosynthesis of estrogen which can promote the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer. Inflammation also results in obesity which is one of the key risk factors. Estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β) is an important target that has been widely studied and accepted to possess anti-cancer activity in a number of cancers including breast cancer. ER-β elicits its action through genomic and non-genomic pathways. The genomic pathway increases the transcription of potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21), and tumor suppressor genes such as melanoma differentiation associated gene 7 and tumor protein (p53). The non-genomic pathway works through protein-protein interaction and phosphorylation. Here, we propose that the activation of ER-β might enhance the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) repression. The activation of Nrf2 increases the transcription of antioxidant genes such as NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), etc., and decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), etc. This review hypothesizes and suggests that ER-β agonists could play a beneficial role to overcome inflammation-related drug resistance by modulation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway.
{"title":"Modulation of Nrf2 by activation of estrogen receptor β as a therapeutic strategy to prevent cancer development and overcome inflammation-related drug resistance in breast cancer","authors":"Emdormi Rymbai, D. Sugumar, J. Selvaraj, Ram Kothandam, Divakar Selvaraj","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the tremendous progress in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is expected to increase due to the emergence of drug resistance. Pro-inflammatory markers are thought to contribute to drug resistance by activation of its naive receptors and its downstream signaling pathways. Elevation of pro-inflammatory markers leads to an increase in the biosynthesis of estrogen which can promote the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer. Inflammation also results in obesity which is one of the key risk factors. Estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β) is an important target that has been widely studied and accepted to possess anti-cancer activity in a number of cancers including breast cancer. ER-β elicits its action through genomic and non-genomic pathways. The genomic pathway increases the transcription of potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21), and tumor suppressor genes such as melanoma differentiation associated gene 7 and tumor protein (p53). The non-genomic pathway works through protein-protein interaction and phosphorylation. Here, we propose that the activation of ER-β might enhance the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) repression. The activation of Nrf2 increases the transcription of antioxidant genes such as NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), etc., and decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), etc. This review hypothesizes and suggests that ER-β agonists could play a beneficial role to overcome inflammation-related drug resistance by modulation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79235646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fekri, A. Mohajjel Nayebi, J. Mahmoudi, S. Sadigh-Eteghad
For years, the health benefits of coumestrol (CMT) have been investigated by researchers around the world. Anti-oxidative properties of the phytoestrogen which can be extracted from several plant tissues, have already been reported as well as the cancer chemopreventive capabilities. Recently, psychiatric and neurological effects of this natural compound have become of interest to researchers so that strong evidence would support the idea that CMT can exert significant effects on the central nervous system. Pharmacologically, this phytoestrogen would act as a selective estrogen receptor modulator with several-fold more affinity to β sub-types of the receptors (ERβ); although other mechanisms of action may be involved. The aim of this review was to gather the recent reports regarding the most important pharmacological benefits of CMT focusing on the psychiatric and neurological ones. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action underlying the pharmacological effects were tried to be clarified more. For this purpose, some keywords such as "Coumestrol", "Pharmacological Effects", "Neurologic", "Psychiatric" and "Neuropsychiatric" were searched in popular scientific databases such as Google scholar, Scopus and Pubmed. Then the delegated documentations were brought together, categorized and discussed on this basis. Reviewing the gathered information showed that, apart from the effects on reproduction and the related organs which are mainly conducted through estrogen receptors, CMT has reported to improve various disorders all over the body. Particularly, regarding the neurological and psychiatric systems, the advantages in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, the Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments would be the most important ones. Here, other receptors that have shown interactions with CMT (beside estrogen receptors which are the main target), were also reviewed among which insulin receptors, farnesoid X receptors, pregnane X receptors, and constitutive androstane receptors can be mentioned while only the last two seem to be involved in forming the neurological and psychiatric effects.
{"title":"The novel pharmacological approaches to coumestrol: focusing on the psychiatric and neurological benefits and the newly identified receptor interactions","authors":"K. Fekri, A. Mohajjel Nayebi, J. Mahmoudi, S. Sadigh-Eteghad","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"For years, the health benefits of coumestrol (CMT) have been investigated by researchers around the world. Anti-oxidative properties of the phytoestrogen which can be extracted from several plant tissues, have already been reported as well as the cancer chemopreventive capabilities. Recently, psychiatric and neurological effects of this natural compound have become of interest to researchers so that strong evidence would support the idea that CMT can exert significant effects on the central nervous system. Pharmacologically, this phytoestrogen would act as a selective estrogen receptor modulator with several-fold more affinity to β sub-types of the receptors (ERβ); although other mechanisms of action may be involved. The aim of this review was to gather the recent reports regarding the most important pharmacological benefits of CMT focusing on the psychiatric and neurological ones. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action underlying the pharmacological effects were tried to be clarified more. For this purpose, some keywords such as \"Coumestrol\", \"Pharmacological Effects\", \"Neurologic\", \"Psychiatric\" and \"Neuropsychiatric\" were searched in popular scientific databases such as Google scholar, Scopus and Pubmed. Then the delegated documentations were brought together, categorized and discussed on this basis. Reviewing the gathered information showed that, apart from the effects on reproduction and the related organs which are mainly conducted through estrogen receptors, CMT has reported to improve various disorders all over the body. Particularly, regarding the neurological and psychiatric systems, the advantages in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, the Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments would be the most important ones. Here, other receptors that have shown interactions with CMT (beside estrogen receptors which are the main target), were also reviewed among which insulin receptors, farnesoid X receptors, pregnane X receptors, and constitutive androstane receptors can be mentioned while only the last two seem to be involved in forming the neurological and psychiatric effects.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87078147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samineh Mohammadzadeh Abachi, Homa Rezaei, M. Khoubnasabjafari, V. Jouyban-Gharamaleki, E. Rahimpour, A. Jouyban
Background: According to the poison center data for most countries, more than thousands of people’s exposure to aspirin or salicylate-containing products. So, this work aimed was to offer a rapid colorimetric method for monitoring aspirin concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Methods: A method based on a redox reaction catalyzed by nanoparticles was validated for the analysis of aspirin. 3,3 ,5,5 –Tetramethyl benzidine /H2O2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate modified silver nanoparticles were used as the redox reagents and catalyst, respectively. Results: Detection mechanism of aspirin using this system is based on the inhibitory effect of aspirin on the signal intensity of the colorimetric systems. Since the decrement in signal intensity was proportional to aspirin level, a colorimetric method was proposed for its quantification in EBC samples. This method shows a linear relationship with aspirin concentration in the range of 10‒250 mg.L−1 with a relative standard deviation of < 3.5%. Conclusion: This method has great potential for aspirin determination due to some features such as high reliability, and fast response time.
{"title":"Utilizing Nanoparticle Catalyzed TMB/H2O2 System for Determination of Aspirin in Exhaled Breath Condensate","authors":"Samineh Mohammadzadeh Abachi, Homa Rezaei, M. Khoubnasabjafari, V. Jouyban-Gharamaleki, E. Rahimpour, A. Jouyban","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to the poison center data for most countries, more than thousands of people’s exposure to aspirin or salicylate-containing products. So, this work aimed was to offer a rapid colorimetric method for monitoring aspirin concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Methods: A method based on a redox reaction catalyzed by nanoparticles was validated for the analysis of aspirin. 3,3 ,5,5 –Tetramethyl benzidine /H2O2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate modified silver nanoparticles were used as the redox reagents and catalyst, respectively. Results: Detection mechanism of aspirin using this system is based on the inhibitory effect of aspirin on the signal intensity of the colorimetric systems. Since the decrement in signal intensity was proportional to aspirin level, a colorimetric method was proposed for its quantification in EBC samples. This method shows a linear relationship with aspirin concentration in the range of 10‒250 mg.L−1 with a relative standard deviation of < 3.5%. Conclusion: This method has great potential for aspirin determination due to some features such as high reliability, and fast response time.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79351094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mahmoodpoor, Roya Ghaemi, Kamran Shadvar, S. Saghaleini, Sama Rahnemayan, Ali Shamekh, S. Sanaie
Background: Sepsis promotes severe physiologic alterations in patients, and it has been reported to induce profound changes in the gut microbial composition. The decrease of 'health ‑benefiting' microbes and the increase in dysbiosis in critically ill patients are thought to induce or aggravate sepsis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of a probiotic preparation, Lactocare®, on gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Forty critically ill patients diagnosed with sepsis were assessed in this pilot randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Lactocare and control groups. Patients in the Lactocare group received two capsules of Lactocare® for 10 days. Fecal samples were taken from all patients on days 1 and 10 for determining the gut microbial pattern. The primary outcome was gut microbial flora, and secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and mortality. Results: Intragroup changes showed that all microbial flora considerably changed during the study period; the number of microbial flora significantly decreased in the control group and increased in the Lactocare group. Patients in the Lactocare group had a significantly lower incidence of diarrhea and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. There was no difference in ICU length of stay in the Lactocare group compared to the control group (p= 0.289). The mortality rate was 30% in the control group compared to 20% in the Lactocare group (p: 0.465). Conclusions: This study showed a remarkable effect of the probiotic preparation on the gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients as it decreased the number of opportunistic pathogens. However, additional clinical research is needed to translate research into clinical practice to refine the clinical indication of the specific probiotic strains.
{"title":"Effect of a probiotic preparation on gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients admitted to intensive care unit: A pilot randomized controlled trial","authors":"A. Mahmoodpoor, Roya Ghaemi, Kamran Shadvar, S. Saghaleini, Sama Rahnemayan, Ali Shamekh, S. Sanaie","doi":"10.34172/ps.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sepsis promotes severe physiologic alterations in patients, and it has been reported to induce profound changes in the gut microbial composition. The decrease of 'health ‑benefiting' microbes and the increase in dysbiosis in critically ill patients are thought to induce or aggravate sepsis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of a probiotic preparation, Lactocare®, on gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Forty critically ill patients diagnosed with sepsis were assessed in this pilot randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Lactocare and control groups. Patients in the Lactocare group received two capsules of Lactocare® for 10 days. Fecal samples were taken from all patients on days 1 and 10 for determining the gut microbial pattern. The primary outcome was gut microbial flora, and secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and mortality. Results: Intragroup changes showed that all microbial flora considerably changed during the study period; the number of microbial flora significantly decreased in the control group and increased in the Lactocare group. Patients in the Lactocare group had a significantly lower incidence of diarrhea and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. There was no difference in ICU length of stay in the Lactocare group compared to the control group (p= 0.289). The mortality rate was 30% in the control group compared to 20% in the Lactocare group (p: 0.465). Conclusions: This study showed a remarkable effect of the probiotic preparation on the gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients as it decreased the number of opportunistic pathogens. However, additional clinical research is needed to translate research into clinical practice to refine the clinical indication of the specific probiotic strains.","PeriodicalId":31004,"journal":{"name":"Infarma Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82868146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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