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Optical Modeling and Simulation of Tandem Metal Oxide Solar Cells 串联金属氧化物太阳能电池的光学建模与仿真
Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/awutp-2018-0006
Florin Drăgan, Ørnulf Nordseth, L. Fara, C. Dumitru, D. Craciunescu, Vlad Muscurel, P. Sterian
Abstract An investigation of silicon-based tandem solar cells incorporating Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and Cu2O metal oxides, via two of the most efficient methods of optical modeling, specifically ray tracing and transfer matrix algorithms, was performed. The simulations were conducted based on specialized software, namely Silvaco Atlas and MATLAB, as well as on OPAL2 simulation platform. The optical analysis involved the calculation of the spectral curves for reflectance, absorptance and transmittance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the cell. It was established the optimum thickness of the AZO layer based on the minimum reflectance and maximum transmittance. Moreover, several materials were investigated in order to determine the optimum buffer layer for the tandem solar cell, based on optical modeling. The optical parameters of the ZnO/Cu2O top subcell were optimized, in order to achieve the highest conversion efficiency of such heterojunction solar cell.
摘要采用两种最有效的光学建模方法,即光线追踪和传递矩阵算法,对掺杂al掺杂ZnO和Cu2O金属氧化物的硅基串联太阳能电池进行了研究。仿真基于专用软件Silvaco Atlas和MATLAB以及OPAL2仿真平台进行。光学分析包括计算组成电池的不同厚度薄膜层的反射率、吸收率和透射率的光谱曲线。根据最小反射率和最大透射率确定了AZO层的最佳厚度。此外,在光学建模的基础上,研究了几种材料,以确定串联太阳能电池的最佳缓冲层。为了实现这种异质结太阳能电池的最高转换效率,对ZnO/Cu2O顶部亚电池的光学参数进行了优化。
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引用次数: 3
Online Forecasting of the Solar Energy Production 太阳能发电的在线预测
Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/awutp-2018-0011
M. Paulescu, N. Stefu, C. Dughir, Robert Blaga, Andreea Săbăduş, E. Paulescu, Sorin Bojin
Abstract Forecasting the solar energy production is a key issue in the large-scale integration of the photovoltaic plants into the existing electricity grid. This paper reports on the research progress in forecasting the solar energy production at the West University of Timisoara, Romania. Firstly, the experimental facilities commissioned on the Solar Platform for testing the forecasting models are briefly described. Secondly, a new tool for the online forecasting of the solar energy production is introduced. Preliminary tests show that the implemented procedure is a successful trade-off between simplicity and accuracy.
摘要太阳能发电量预测是光伏电站大规模入网的关键问题。本文报道了罗马尼亚西蒂米什瓦拉大学在太阳能产量预测方面的研究进展。首先,简要介绍了太阳能平台上用于测试预报模型的实验设施。其次,介绍了一种新的太阳能发电量在线预测工具。初步测试表明,所实现的程序在简单性和准确性之间取得了成功的平衡。
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引用次数: 1
The Influence of the Precursor Type and of the Substrate on the SPD Deposited TiO2 Photocatalytic Thin Films 前驱体类型和衬底对SPD沉积TiO2光催化薄膜的影响
Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/awutp-2018-0008
I. Tismanar, M. Covei, C. Bogatu, A. Duţă
Abstract Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater using titanium dioxide is recognized as an efficient process. To be feasible, this process needs to be solar- or visible light -activated, but, due to its wide band gap energy, titanium dioxide can only be activated by ultraviolet radiation. In this paper, thin films of titanium dioxide were deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition using organo-metallic (titanium-iso-propoxide) and inorganic (titanium chloride) precursors, as a first step in optimizing the deposition process of titanium dioxide - carbon composite thin films, active in the visible spectral range. The thin films were characterized to outline the differences when using these two precursor solutions, when deposited on Fluorine doped Tin Oxide-glass, regular glass and microscopic glass, in terms of crystallinity (by using X-ray diffraction), elemental composition (using Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry), surface morphology (Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy). The photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide thin films was investigated based on the removal efficiencies of methylene blue from a synthetically prepared wastewater. The samples deposited using the inorganic precursor show higher roughness, and this proves to be the most important factor that influences the phocatalytic processes. After 8 hours of ultraviolet irradiation, methylene blue removal efficiencies up to 36% were observed; the highest removal efficiency was registered using the thin titanium dioxide film obtained using the titanium chloride precursor, deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrate, due to the titanium dioxide-tin dioxide semiconductor tandem formed at the interface, that limits the electron-hole recombination, thus increasing the photoctalytic performance of the substrate.
摘要二氧化钛光催化降解废水中的有机污染物是公认的一种高效方法。为了使这一过程可行,需要太阳能或可见光激活,但是,由于二氧化钛的宽带隙能量,二氧化钛只能通过紫外线辐射激活。本文以有机金属(钛-异丙醇)和无机(氯化钛)前驱体为原料,采用喷雾热解沉积法制备二氧化钛薄膜,作为优化二氧化钛-碳复合薄膜沉积工艺的第一步,在可见光谱范围内具有活性。对薄膜进行表征,勾勒出使用这两种前驱体溶液沉积在氟掺杂氧化锡玻璃、普通玻璃和显微玻璃上时,在结晶度(通过x射线衍射)、元素组成(使用能量色散x射线光谱法)、表面形貌(扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜)方面的差异。通过对合成废水中亚甲基蓝的去除效果,考察了二氧化钛薄膜的光催化活性。使用无机前驱体沉积的样品显示出更高的粗糙度,这被证明是影响光催化过程的最重要因素。紫外线照射8小时后,亚甲基蓝去除率达36%;利用氯化钛前驱体沉积在氟掺杂氧化锡玻璃衬底上得到的二氧化钛薄膜去除效率最高,这是因为二氧化钛-二氧化锡半导体在界面处形成串联,限制了电子-空穴复合,从而提高了衬底的光催化性能。
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引用次数: 1
Review of Surface Solar Radiation Projections in Bias-Corrected Euro-Cordex Regional Climate Models 偏差校正后的Euro-Cordex区域气候模式中地表太阳辐射预估的综述
Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/awutp-2018-0001
B. Bartók
Abstract Regional climate models (RCMs) are used in a wide range of climate applications as they can provide high resolution (up to 10 to 20 km or less) and multi-decadal simulations of the climate system describing climate feedback mechanisms acting at the regional scale. However due to different forcing data and physics parametrisations regional climate models might produce different results. This study aims to achieve a state-of-the-art knowledge of bias-corrected surface solar radiation projections coming from 11 EURO-CORDEX regional climate models. First a comparison against 63 GEBA observations is elaborated indicating a general overestimation of surface solar radiation (SSR) in the RCMs by 6.12 W/m2 (4.4%). Next changes in surface radiation between the period of 2031-2060 and 1971-2000 are presented on annual and seasonal time scale. The model projections indicate robust increase in SSR mainly in the western part of the Mediterranean region, while the northern part of the continent is characterised by decreases in SSR till the middle of this century. The study emphasis the need of an overall validation of different climate models before introducing them in impact studies in order to have an overview regarding the uncertainties.
区域气候模式(RCMs)可提供高分辨率(高达10 ~ 20 km或更低)和描述区域尺度气候反馈机制的气候系统的多年代际模拟,因此被广泛用于气候应用。然而,由于不同的强迫数据和物理参数化,区域气候模式可能产生不同的结果。本研究旨在获得来自11个EURO-CORDEX区域气候模式的偏差校正表面太阳辐射预估的最新知识。首先,与63个GEBA观测数据的比较表明,rcm的表面太阳辐射(SSR)普遍高估了6.12 W/m2(4.4%)。2031-2060年和1971-2000年期间地表辐射的年和季节变化。模式预估表明,主要在地中海区域西部,SSR显著增加,而在本世纪中叶以前,地中海大陆北部的特点是SSR减少。该研究强调,在将不同的气候模式引入影响研究之前,需要对它们进行全面验证,以便对不确定性有一个概述。
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引用次数: 1
Channel Flow and Flood Estimate 河道流量及洪水估计
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/awutp-2016-0005
J. Adegoke, M. A. Fakunle
Abstract The movement of water on the land surface, within channels and through the soil is dependent on some hydrological factors. For surface flow, the velocity of flow increases with the bottom gradient of the channel and the flow depth, but when roughness increases, it decreases. For a given flow depth, the velocity decreases as the channel height increases. The construction of sub-surface drainage helps to remove excess soil water that can cause flood. To model overland flow, a kinematic-wave approach is applied so that flood prediction could be made.
水在陆地表面、渠道内和土壤中的运动取决于一些水文因素。对于表面流动,流速随通道底部坡度和流动深度的增大而增大,但粗糙度增大时流速减小。对于给定的流深,流速随通道高度的增加而减小。地下排水系统的建设有助于清除可能引起洪水的过量土壤水分。为了模拟地表水流,采用了运动波法进行洪水预报。
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引用次数: 2
Laser Heating of the Core-Shell Nanowires 核壳纳米线的激光加热
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/awutp-2016-0002
I. Astefanoaei, I. Dumitru, A. Stancu
Abstract The induced thermal stress in a heating process is an important parameter to be known and controlled in the magnetization process of core-shell nanowires. This paper analyses the stress produced by a laser heating source placed at one end of a core-shell type structure. The thermal field was computed with the non-Fourier heat transport equation using a finite element method (FEM) implemented in Comsol Multiphysics. The internal stresses are essentially due to thermal gradients and different expansion characteristics of core and shell materials. The stress values were computed using the thermo elastic formalism and are depending on the laser beam parameters (spot size, power etc.) and system characteristics (dimensions, thermal characteristics). Stresses in the GPa range were estimated and consequently we find that the magnetic state of the system can be influenced significantly. A shell material as the glass which is a good thermal insulator induces in the magnetic core, the smaller stresses and consequently the smaller magnetoelastic energy. These results lead to a better understanding of the switching process in the magnetic materials.
加热过程中产生的热应力是核壳纳米线磁化过程中需要了解和控制的重要参数。本文分析了在核壳型结构一端放置激光热源所产生的应力。利用Comsol Multiphysics软件实现的有限元方法,利用非傅立叶热传递方程计算了热场。内应力主要是由热梯度和芯壳材料的不同膨胀特性引起的。应力值使用热弹性公式计算,并取决于激光束参数(光斑大小,功率等)和系统特性(尺寸,热特性)。对GPa范围内的应力进行了估计,结果发现系统的磁态会受到显著影响。玻璃等壳层材料是一种良好的隔热材料,在磁芯中产生较小的应力,从而产生较小的磁弹性能。这些结果有助于更好地理解磁性材料中的开关过程。
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引用次数: 0
Quantification of the Solar Radiative Regime Variability Based on the Clearness Index 基于清晰度指数的太阳辐射状态变率的量化
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/awutp-2016-0003
Sergiu A. Lucaciu, Robert Blaga, N. Stefu, M. Paulescu
Abstract The fluctuation of solar radiation at ground level represents a challenge in modeling the time series of solar irradiance. A procedure for the quantification of the instability of the solar radiative regime is reported. This procedure is based on the clearness index, as the ratio of the horizontal solar irradiance measured at ground level and the estimated one at extraterrestrial level. New quantities for classifying the days from the radiative stability point of view are being introduced. A procedure for classifying days according to their stability regime as stable, variable and unstable is presented.
地面太阳辐射的波动是模拟太阳辐照度时间序列的一个挑战。本文报道了太阳辐射不稳定性的量化方法。这个程序是基于清晰指数,即在地面测量的水平太阳辐照度与在地外水平估计的太阳辐照度之比。从辐射稳定性的观点来看,正在引入新的天数分类量。提出了一种将日按其稳定状态划分为稳定、可变和不稳定的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Pulsed Laser Ablation of the Solid Targets in a Liquid Environment 固体目标在液体环境下的脉冲激光烧蚀
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/awutp-2016-0007
M. Osiac, M. Dinu, M. Udriștioiu
Abstract In this paper, the viability of laser ablation of gold target immersed in medical distillated water used to produce nanoparticles having morphological, structural and compositional properties for medical applications is explored. The morphological properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was used to reveal the composition of resulting particles. The absorbance in the wavelengths range of 300-800 nm can be assigned to the small gold nanoparticles.
摘要本文探讨了浸在医用蒸馏水中激光烧蚀金靶制备具有形态、结构和组成特性的医用纳米颗粒的可行性。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其形貌进行了研究。利用能量色散x射线光谱(EDX)分析揭示了所得粒子的组成。在300 ~ 800 nm波长范围内可以确定小的金纳米颗粒的吸光度。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Maximum Horizontal Distance (XMHD) Travelled by Landfill Leachate from Lapite Dumpsite in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹市Lapite垃圾场垃圾渗滤液最大水平传播距离测定
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/awutp-2016-0004
O. Popoola, M. A. Fakunle
Abstract This study was designed to determine Maximum Horizontal Distance (XMHD) travelled by landfill leachate. Twenty - nine Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted at 10.0m intervals away from four sides A, B, C and D of Lapite dumpsite. One VES point conducted outside the vicinity of the dumpsite served as a control. VES data were processed. Lowest resistivity values (Y) of VES points and the control point (Yc) were extracted. Curves of Y against X fitted best to yield an equation. XMHD was determined from the generated equation when Y = Yc. The determined (XMHD) on the four sides ranged from78.95m to 179.86m.
摘要本研究旨在确定垃圾渗滤液的最大水平传播距离(XMHD)。斯伦贝谢垂直电测深(VES)共进行了29次,间隔10.0m,分别位于Lapite倾倒场的A、B、C、D四面。在垃圾场附近进行的一个电磁测点作为对照。对VES数据进行处理。提取了测点的最低电阻率值(Y)和控制点(Yc)。Y对X的曲线拟合得最好,可以得到一个方程。当Y = Yc时,根据生成的方程确定XMHD。四周的测量(XMHD)从78.95m到179.86m不等。
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引用次数: 0
Relativistic Rotating Boltzmann Gas Using the Tetrad Formalism 使用四分体形式的相对论旋转玻尔兹曼气体
Pub Date : 2015-12-10 DOI: 10.1515/awutp-2015-0211
Victor E. Ambruş, Robert Blaga
Abstract We consider an application of the tetrad formalism introduced by Cardall et al. [Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 023011] to the problem of a rigidly rotating relativistic gas in thermal equilibrium and discuss the possible applications of this formalism to rel- ativistic lattice Boltzmann simulations. We present in detail the transformation to the comoving frame, the choice of tetrad, as well as the explicit calculation and analysis of the components of the equilibrium particle ow four-vector and of the equilibrium stress-energy tensor.
摘要本文考虑了由Cardall等人提出的四分体形式论的一个应用。Rev. D 88(2013) 023011]讨论了热平衡中刚性旋转相对论性气体的问题,并讨论了这种形式在相对论晶格玻尔兹曼模拟中的可能应用。详细介绍了向共动坐标系的变换,四分体的选择,以及平衡质点的四矢量分量和平衡应力-能量张量的显式计算和分析。
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引用次数: 18
期刊
Annals of West University of Timisoara Physics
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