Teaching has emerged as one of the most stressful professions in the last two decades. The need for knowledge for personal growth and national development puts pressure on the teachers to facilitate the achievement of these goals. Teachers in Borstal institutions are expected to teach and rehabilitate young convicts for re-integration into the society. The desire to find out sources of stress and coping strategies among teachers in Borstal institutions has necessitated an empirical study. The current study focuses on sources of occupational stress and coping strategies among teachers in Borstal institutions in Kenya. Phenomenology study design was used and purposive sampling in particular maximum variation was used to select the study participants. Results indicated that working conditions, living conditions and lack of resources were the main sources of stressors, while physical exercises, religious intervention, use of alcohol were among the coping strategies used. Lack of professional counseling services also emerged as a situation that lead to high stress levels.
{"title":"Sources of Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies among Teachers in Borstal Institutions in Kenya","authors":"Kagwe Margaret, Ngigi Simon, M. Sabina","doi":"10.33805/2638-8073.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8073.111","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching has emerged as one of the most stressful professions in the last two decades. The need for knowledge for personal growth and national development puts pressure on the teachers to facilitate the achievement of these goals. Teachers in Borstal institutions are expected to teach and rehabilitate young convicts for re-integration into the society. The desire to find out sources of stress and coping strategies among teachers in Borstal institutions has necessitated an empirical study. The current study focuses on sources of occupational stress and coping strategies among teachers in Borstal institutions in Kenya. Phenomenology study design was used and purposive sampling in particular maximum variation was used to select the study participants. Results indicated that working conditions, living conditions and lack of resources were the main sources of stressors, while physical exercises, religious intervention, use of alcohol were among the coping strategies used. Lack of professional counseling services also emerged as a situation that lead to high stress levels.","PeriodicalId":311654,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss: Psychiatry Open Access","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125485457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xu Fan, Chen Jie, Deng Yushuang, Cheng Linli, Yang Jing, Zhongrui Ma, Jianping Yu, Jiayuan Peng, Yang Shu, Wenwen Li, Ronghua Xu
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious neuropsychic disease. It destroys person’s family relationship and social connections seriously. Latest WHO investigation disclosed nearly 4.4% of the population worldwide (approximately 322 million people) were being affected by MDD extensively [1]. While in China, Dong M, et al. reported the occurrence rate of suicide attempt during hospitalization and after the onset of MDD were 17.3% (95% CI: 12.4-23.7%) and 42.1% (95% CI: 26.1-60.0%) respectively [2]. Another research made by Grupta S, et al. announced MDD in urban China might be under-diagnosed and untreated [3].
{"title":"Approaching to the Essence of Major Depressive Disorder","authors":"Xu Fan, Chen Jie, Deng Yushuang, Cheng Linli, Yang Jing, Zhongrui Ma, Jianping Yu, Jiayuan Peng, Yang Shu, Wenwen Li, Ronghua Xu","doi":"10.33805/2638-8073.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8073.110","url":null,"abstract":"Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious neuropsychic disease. It destroys person’s family relationship and social connections seriously. Latest WHO investigation disclosed nearly 4.4% of the population worldwide (approximately 322 million people) were being affected by MDD extensively [1]. While in China, Dong M, et al. reported the occurrence rate of suicide attempt during hospitalization and after the onset of MDD were 17.3% (95% CI: 12.4-23.7%) and 42.1% (95% CI: 26.1-60.0%) respectively [2]. Another research made by Grupta S, et al. announced MDD in urban China might be under-diagnosed and untreated [3].","PeriodicalId":311654,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss: Psychiatry Open Access","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132976197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the prevalence and level of anxiety and depression among mothers of newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Gaza Strip. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 195 mothers who’s their neonates has been admitted to NICU at the three governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip between November 2017 to September 2018. Two psychological tests were applied, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Collected data include sociodemographic profile for mother and neonates who include characteristic of mothers, number and types of deliveries, level of education, work status and family income. In addition, characteristics of neonates, gender, gestational age and birth weight, cause of admission and length of stay. Results: The results of our study indicated that 50.8% of mothers have severe to very severe symptoms of anxiety, 38.5% of mothers have severe to very severe symptoms of depression. There was a statistically significant differences in levels of anxiety (p = 0.044) and levels of depression (p = 0.005) among mothers related to hospital. The mothers of preterm and low birth weight babies had higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.010, 0.026), but there were insignificant differences in levels of depression, while there were no insignificant differences in levels of anxiety and depression among mothers related to gender of neonate, cause of admission, and length of stay in NICU. Conclusion: The effect of different maternal and neonatal factors on levels of anxiety and depression were examined and most of them revealed insignificant differences, which means that admission to NICU as a stressful event caused elevation in levels of anxiety and depression among mothers regardless of any other factors.
{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Mothers of Newborns Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Gaza Strip","authors":"M. Salah, Rania Breaka, A. Alkasseh","doi":"10.33805/2638-8073.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8073.109","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence and level of anxiety and depression among mothers of newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Gaza Strip. \u0000Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 195 mothers who’s their neonates has been admitted to NICU at the three governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip between November 2017 to September 2018. Two psychological tests were applied, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Collected data include sociodemographic profile for mother and neonates who include characteristic of mothers, number and types of deliveries, level of education, work status and family income. In addition, characteristics of neonates, gender, gestational age and birth weight, cause of admission and length of stay. \u0000Results: The results of our study indicated that 50.8% of mothers have severe to very severe symptoms of anxiety, 38.5% of mothers have severe to very severe symptoms of depression. There was a statistically significant differences in levels of anxiety (p = 0.044) and levels of depression (p = 0.005) among mothers related to hospital. The mothers of preterm and low birth weight babies had higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.010, 0.026), but there were insignificant differences in levels of depression, while there were no insignificant differences in levels of anxiety and depression among mothers related to gender of neonate, cause of admission, and length of stay in NICU.\u0000Conclusion: The effect of different maternal and neonatal factors on levels of anxiety and depression were examined and most of them revealed insignificant differences, which means that admission to NICU as a stressful event caused elevation in levels of anxiety and depression among mothers regardless of any other factors.","PeriodicalId":311654,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss: Psychiatry Open Access","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126790193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research indicates that at least 70% of offenders reach criteria for personality disorder other than antisocial and, due to the closure of mental health hospitals world-wide; there are an increasing number of offenders with mental illness located in prisons. To fully assess and reduce the risk an offender poses and to try to remediate that risk, the underlying drives to offend must be understood and addressed. To do this an offender must be genuinely engaged. It is suggested that this is in part due to having poor attachment histories and no internal model of a healthy attachment. This paper is written by a consultant clinical and forensic psychologist with a long standing proven record of establishing and running services for and working therapeutically with men with mental health issues with outstanding results in risk reduction alongside and by an expert by experience who has in-depth personal insights into the both the processes needed for effective engagement and change. It describes useable strategies as to how to successfully engage offenders and how to develop a healthy and reparative therapeutic relationship. It describes the importance of a collaborative clinical formulation to aid the development of a coherent narrative and of an emotionally present and engaged therapist. The need to work on both victim and offender issues to bring about real change and risk reduction is elucidated throughout.
{"title":"Proven Strategies for Engagement, Effective Change and Enduring Risk Reduction with Offenders","authors":"A. Lah, Jacqui Saradjian","doi":"10.33805/2638-8073.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8073.108","url":null,"abstract":"Research indicates that at least 70% of offenders reach criteria for personality disorder other than antisocial and, due to the closure of mental health hospitals world-wide; there are an increasing number of offenders with mental illness located in prisons. To fully assess and reduce the risk an offender poses and to try to remediate that risk, the underlying drives to offend must be understood and addressed. To do this an offender must be genuinely engaged. It is suggested that this is in part due to having poor attachment histories and no internal model of a healthy attachment. This paper is written by a consultant clinical and forensic psychologist with a long standing proven record of establishing and running services for and working therapeutically with men with mental health issues with outstanding results in risk reduction alongside and by an expert by experience who has in-depth personal insights into the both the processes needed for effective engagement and change. It describes useable strategies as to how to successfully engage offenders and how to develop a healthy and reparative therapeutic relationship. It describes the importance of a collaborative clinical formulation to aid the development of a coherent narrative and of an emotionally present and engaged therapist. The need to work on both victim and offender issues to bring about real change and risk reduction is elucidated throughout.","PeriodicalId":311654,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss: Psychiatry Open Access","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114430102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a 2018 article that appears in the journal Healthcare [1], I expand research originally published in the public administrative journal Public Integrity [2] with a specific focus on veteran’s trauma. In both articles, I used a Google search of PTSD academic research in order to identify articles of greatest relevance, relevance as defined by Google.
{"title":"Commentary on PTSD Research","authors":"Steven G. Koven","doi":"10.33805/2638-8073.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8073.107","url":null,"abstract":"In a 2018 article that appears in the journal Healthcare [1], I expand research originally published in the public administrative journal Public Integrity [2] with a specific focus on veteran’s trauma. In both articles, I used a Google search of PTSD academic research in order to identify articles of greatest relevance, relevance as defined by Google.","PeriodicalId":311654,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss: Psychiatry Open Access","volume":"170 5 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116388972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary purpose of the study is to determine the socio-economic impact on opioid addiction susceptibility. Over the last few years, there has been a general increasing population of people addicted to opioids. Although the drug is often used for pain management, it is highly addictive. A descriptive research design was used to conduct the study, where twelve journal articles were used to analyze the status of opioid addiction and relationship to socio-economic factors. The results section identified several socioeconomic variables increasing people’s vulnerability to opioid addiction including unemployment, income level, family relationship, community participation, and opium usage in households. Additionally, easy access to opioids that are sold in local drug store increases susceptibility to addiction and the study also notes doctors are prescribing opioids for patients particularly those individuals enrolled in public health insurance programs. Low socioeconomic status is associated with higher risk of opioid addiction compared to high socioeconomic status, but individual decisions also play a critical role in facilitating the crisis.
{"title":"Socio-Economic Impact on Opioid Addiction Susceptibility","authors":"C. Griffith","doi":"10.33805/2638-8073.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8073.106","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of the study is to determine the socio-economic impact on opioid addiction susceptibility. Over the last few years, there has been a general increasing population of people addicted to opioids. Although the drug is often used for pain management, it is highly addictive. A descriptive research design was used to conduct the study, where twelve journal articles were used to analyze the status of opioid addiction and relationship to socio-economic factors. The results section identified several socioeconomic variables increasing people’s vulnerability to opioid addiction including unemployment, income level, family relationship, community participation, and opium usage in households. Additionally, easy access to opioids that are sold in local drug store increases susceptibility to addiction and the study also notes doctors are prescribing opioids for patients particularly those individuals enrolled in public health insurance programs. Low socioeconomic status is associated with higher risk of opioid addiction compared to high socioeconomic status, but individual decisions also play a critical role in facilitating the crisis.","PeriodicalId":311654,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss: Psychiatry Open Access","volume":"1882 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129994783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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