Natural and human-caused disasters have always been a risk to museums, libraries, archives, and all types of cultural heritage collections. The increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events brought about by climate change indicate that risk assessment and emergency preparedness and response will become even more important in caring for these collections in the future. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the art conservation and heritage preservation communities in the United States have worked to develop tools and networks for organizations preparing for and responding to collections emergencies. Some of these initiatives, including an interactive map called Active Weather Risks for Museums, Libraries, and Archives, have included the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in mapping cultural heritage assets and identifying location-specific risks. Continued research into the applications for GIS in responsive risk assessment and emergency planning, and the utilization of publicly available hazard data from emergency management organizations and climate scientists, will help prevent catastrophic damage to our nation’s collections.
{"title":"Mapping and the future of caring for the past: Using GIS as a tool to understand the risk of emergencies to cultural heritage collections","authors":"M. Cooper","doi":"10.5070/p538358982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/p538358982","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and human-caused disasters have always been a risk to museums, libraries, archives, and all types of cultural heritage collections. The increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events brought about by climate change indicate that risk assessment and emergency preparedness and response will become even more important in caring for these collections in the future. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the art conservation and heritage preservation communities in the United States have worked to develop tools and networks for organizations preparing for and responding to collections emergencies. Some of these initiatives, including an interactive map called Active Weather Risks for Museums, Libraries, and Archives, have included the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in mapping cultural heritage assets and identifying location-specific risks. Continued research into the applications for GIS in responsive risk assessment and emergency planning, and the utilization of publicly available hazard data from emergency management organizations and climate scientists, will help prevent catastrophic damage to our nation’s collections.","PeriodicalId":313291,"journal":{"name":"Parks Stewardship Forum","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132160502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is too often a tendency to presume that particular environments can be created within historic house museums simply by “tightening up” the envelope and installing sophisticated mechanical equipment. This approach is unsustainable from many standpoints. Extensive mechanical systems can be intrusive or damaging to historic fabric, expensive to operate and maintain (to the point of overwhelming the financial capacity of institutions), and inadvertently hasten climate change. Careful consideration should be given to the basis for expected environments to be maintained with respect to both the actual needs of the collections and the capacity of the envelope to contain them. Only with a thorough understanding of both, gained through survey, testing, and monitoring, can mechanical systems be appropriately designed. In so doing, one must be willing to use to fullest advantage the structure’s inherent historical methods of environmental modulation
{"title":"Why do we keep doing this? An argument for informed environmental assessments","authors":"David Bittermann","doi":"10.5070/p538358978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/p538358978","url":null,"abstract":"There is too often a tendency to presume that particular environments can be created within historic house museums simply by “tightening up” the envelope and installing sophisticated mechanical equipment. This approach is unsustainable from many standpoints. Extensive mechanical systems can be intrusive or damaging to historic fabric, expensive to operate and maintain (to the point of overwhelming the financial capacity of institutions), and inadvertently hasten climate change. Careful consideration should be given to the basis for expected environments to be maintained with respect to both the actual needs of the collections and the capacity of the envelope to contain them. Only with a thorough understanding of both, gained through survey, testing, and monitoring, can mechanical systems be appropriately designed. In so doing, one must be willing to use to fullest advantage the structure’s inherent historical methods of environmental modulation","PeriodicalId":313291,"journal":{"name":"Parks Stewardship Forum","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127635817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are calls from cultural resources professionals, academics, and diverse stakeholders for multivocality, co-creation of knowledge, and inclusion of local and traditional input in the management of cultural resources situated on public lands. Yet, associated communities often have little control or influence on management of their heritage sites beyond mandated consultation, particularly for archaeological sites. In a US National Park Service (NPS) context, managers are guided by standardized criteria, existing data management systems, and policy- and eligibility-based funding streams. The influences of these criteria, systems, and policies are particularly powerful when managers are prioritizing action for climate adaptation, as policy guidance focuses attention to cultural resources that are both significant and vulnerable to climate stressors. The results of a variety of engagement activities with Tribal Nations and NPS staff show that the co-creation of knowledge requires meaningful engagements, the valuing of Traditional Knowledges, and bridging the culture–nature divide. This paper highlights successful examples of such meaningful engagements and offers strategies for collaboration between NPS and citizens and staff of Tribal Nations in climate change adaptation planning for cultural resources on public lands. Scholars are increasingly documenting the exposure of archaeological sites to climate change stressors (e.g., Rockman 2015; Anderson et al. 2017; Sesana et al. 2021). The impacts of these stressors to sites are also being documented with more frequency, such as the deterioration of materials from increasingly salinized soils and extreme fires (Gruber 2011), and the displacement and loss of materials and physical context from erosion caused by riverine flooding (Howard et al. 2016), storm surge (Pollard-Belsheim et al. 2014), and sea level rise (Papadopoulos et al. 2021). On federal lands, climate adaptation guidance for archaeological sites typically focuses on minimizing physical deterioration or loss given management agencies’ mandate of responsible cultural heritage stewardship (Rockman et al. 2016; Venture et al. 2021). Yet,
文化资源专业人士、学者和不同的利益相关者呼吁在公共土地上的文化资源管理中实现多元化、共同创造知识，并纳入当地和传统的投入。然而，除了强制协商之外，相关社区往往对其遗产遗址的管理几乎没有控制或影响，特别是对考古遗址。在美国国家公园管理局(NPS)的背景下，管理人员受到标准化标准、现有数据管理系统以及基于政策和资格的资金流的指导。当管理者优先考虑气候适应行动时，这些标准、制度和政策的影响尤其强大，因为政策指导将注意力集中在既重要又易受气候压力因素影响的文化资源上。与部落国家和NPS工作人员开展的各种参与活动的结果表明，共同创造知识需要有意义的参与，重视传统知识，并弥合文化与自然之间的鸿沟。本文重点介绍了这种有意义的合作的成功案例，并提供了NPS与部落国家公民和工作人员在公共土地上文化资源的气候变化适应规划方面的合作策略。学者们越来越多地记录考古遗址在气候变化压力下的暴露(例如，Rockman 2015;Anderson et al. 2017;Sesana et al. 2021)。这些压力源对遗址的影响也被更频繁地记录下来，例如日益盐碱化的土壤和极端火灾造成的物质退化(Gruber 2011)，以及河流洪水造成的侵蚀造成的物质和物理环境的位移和损失(Howard等人2016)，风暴潮(polard - belsheim等人2014)和海平面上升(Papadopoulos等人2021)。在联邦土地上，考古遗址的气候适应指导通常侧重于最小化物理退化或损失，因为管理机构的任务是负责任的文化遗产管理(Rockman et al. 2016;Venture et al. 2021)。然而,
{"title":"Strategies for meaningful engagement: A commentary on collaboration in archaeological climate adaptation planning","authors":"C. Hotchkiss, E. Seekamp, A. Mcgill","doi":"10.5070/p538358980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/p538358980","url":null,"abstract":"There are calls from cultural resources professionals, academics, and diverse stakeholders for multivocality, co-creation of knowledge, and inclusion of local and traditional input in the management of cultural resources situated on public lands. Yet, associated communities often have little control or influence on management of their heritage sites beyond mandated consultation, particularly for archaeological sites. In a US National Park Service (NPS) context, managers are guided by standardized criteria, existing data management systems, and policy- and eligibility-based funding streams. The influences of these criteria, systems, and policies are particularly powerful when managers are prioritizing action for climate adaptation, as policy guidance focuses attention to cultural resources that are both significant and vulnerable to climate stressors. The results of a variety of engagement activities with Tribal Nations and NPS staff show that the co-creation of knowledge requires meaningful engagements, the valuing of Traditional Knowledges, and bridging the culture–nature divide. This paper highlights successful examples of such meaningful engagements and offers strategies for collaboration between NPS and citizens and staff of Tribal Nations in climate change adaptation planning for cultural resources on public lands. Scholars are increasingly documenting the exposure of archaeological sites to climate change stressors (e.g., Rockman 2015; Anderson et al. 2017; Sesana et al. 2021). The impacts of these stressors to sites are also being documented with more frequency, such as the deterioration of materials from increasingly salinized soils and extreme fires (Gruber 2011), and the displacement and loss of materials and physical context from erosion caused by riverine flooding (Howard et al. 2016), storm surge (Pollard-Belsheim et al. 2014), and sea level rise (Papadopoulos et al. 2021). On federal lands, climate adaptation guidance for archaeological sites typically focuses on minimizing physical deterioration or loss given management agencies’ mandate of responsible cultural heritage stewardship (Rockman et al. 2016; Venture et al. 2021). Yet,","PeriodicalId":313291,"journal":{"name":"Parks Stewardship Forum","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133259266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Science and the evolving management of environmental hazards at Yosemite National Park","authors":"J. Jenkins","doi":"10.5070/p538358969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/p538358969","url":null,"abstract":"are exposed","PeriodicalId":313291,"journal":{"name":"Parks Stewardship Forum","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131307580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using the best available science: An excerpt from National Parks Forever: Fifty Years of Fighting and a Case for Independence","authors":"J. Jarvis, T. Jarvis","doi":"10.5070/p538358971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/p538358971","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313291,"journal":{"name":"Parks Stewardship Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125158028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：