W. Pasanphan, Thanawat Kasemsankidakarn, Parichart Kongkaoroptham, T. Piroonpan
An approach for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles ( CuNPs) embedded in poly ( vinylpyrrolidone) ( PVP) composite materials is proposed using a simultaneous irradiation process. The parameters, i.e., copper sulfate ( CuSO4) precursor, VP and PVP concentrations were optimized for synthesis of CuNPs under irradiation. Crosslinking of PVP system was analyzed by gel fraction and swelling degree using gravimetric measurement. Functionality, chemical composition and crystallinity of the CuNPs-PVP composite materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDS, XRD. Morphology of the CuNPs-PVP composite materials was observed using SEM. Light blue color of Cu2+ precursor in liquid polymer/monomer system changed to dark brown color of Cu in solid form. Stable CuNPs with the particle diameters ranging from ca.100 to 500 nm was successfully synthesized in the PVP solid materials. A simple and effective process for the preparation of the CuNPs-PVP composite materials serves as a new generation of process and functional nanomaterials for industrial applications.
{"title":"Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles-polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Materials Using Simultaneous Irradiation Process","authors":"W. Pasanphan, Thanawat Kasemsankidakarn, Parichart Kongkaoroptham, T. Piroonpan","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.232","url":null,"abstract":"An approach for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles ( CuNPs) embedded in poly ( vinylpyrrolidone) ( PVP) composite materials is proposed using a simultaneous irradiation process. The parameters, i.e., copper sulfate ( CuSO4) precursor, VP and PVP concentrations were optimized for synthesis of CuNPs under irradiation. Crosslinking of PVP system was analyzed by gel fraction and swelling degree using gravimetric measurement. Functionality, chemical composition and crystallinity of the CuNPs-PVP composite materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDS, XRD. Morphology of the CuNPs-PVP composite materials was observed using SEM. Light blue color of Cu2+ precursor in liquid polymer/monomer system changed to dark brown color of Cu in solid form. Stable CuNPs with the particle diameters ranging from ca.100 to 500 nm was successfully synthesized in the PVP solid materials. A simple and effective process for the preparation of the CuNPs-PVP composite materials serves as a new generation of process and functional nanomaterials for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87378567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinda pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is classified as a large chili pepper that is an important economic crop of Thailand. The substance in the chili pepper responsible for its spicy taste is capsaicin. Presently, capsaicin in Chinda peppers has been extracted for use in food and medical products. This research compared the capsaicin content from dried Chinda peppers in four different solvents: H2O, acetone, ethanol (95% v/v), and a binary solvent of acetone and water at a ratio of 1:1 v/v. For all treatments, the ratio of chili peppers to the solvent was 20 g:240 ml. After analyzing the amount of capsaicin content by a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, it was found that the capsaicin content from dried Chinda pepper by the H2O:acetone (1:1 v/v), acetone, H2O and ethanol (95% v/v) were 0.48 ppm, 0.26 ppm, 0.22 ppm, and 0.18 ppm, respectively. These results indicated that the extraction of capsaicin with a binary solvent of H2O:acetone at a ratio of 1:1 v/v had the highest extraction concentration. This can be explained theoretically that the presence of H2O in acetone impacted the hydrophobic properties of the solvent and the interaction between capsaicin compound and the solvent.
{"title":"Effect of Extraction Solvent on Capsaicin Content of Chinda Peppers","authors":"Sutiam Kruawan, Pikuntong Hanchaiyaphum, Sarawut Sodawichit, Phiyada Janthakhat, Supawita Konglamjeak, Natthida Khiewbanyang, Thitipong Wutisart, B. Phadungchob","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.233","url":null,"abstract":"Chinda pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is classified as a large chili pepper that is an important economic crop of Thailand. The substance in the chili pepper responsible for its spicy taste is capsaicin. Presently, capsaicin in Chinda peppers has been extracted for use in food and medical products. This research compared the capsaicin content from dried Chinda peppers in four different solvents: H2O, acetone, ethanol (95% v/v), and a binary solvent of acetone and water at a ratio of 1:1 v/v. For all treatments, the ratio of chili peppers to the solvent was 20 g:240 ml. After analyzing the amount of capsaicin content by a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, it was found that the capsaicin content from dried Chinda pepper by the H2O:acetone (1:1 v/v), acetone, H2O and ethanol (95% v/v) were 0.48 ppm, 0.26 ppm, 0.22 ppm, and 0.18 ppm, respectively. These results indicated that the extraction of capsaicin with a binary solvent of H2O:acetone at a ratio of 1:1 v/v had the highest extraction concentration. This can be explained theoretically that the presence of H2O in acetone impacted the hydrophobic properties of the solvent and the interaction between capsaicin compound and the solvent.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87436495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naruebhorn Piyataksanon, S. Suttiruengwong, M. Seadan
The synthesis of polyurethane relies on a toxic and petroleum-based isocyanate reactant. The aim of this research was to synthesize Polyurethane using environment-benign and renewable starting materials such as carbon dioxide and soybean oil. The carbonated soybean oil was first prepared from carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) using zinc glutarate (ZnGA) as a catalyst but the result of FTIR indicated the absence of the peak of cyclic carbonate around 1800 cm-1. Therefore, in this work, the synthesis of Polyurethane was modified from A. Lee (Lee & Deng, 2015) using tetramethylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a catalyst. The as-synthesized carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) was allowed to react with two types of substances, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or diethylenetriamine with the molar ratios of cyclic carbonate:NH2 of 1:1 with THF or DMF as solvents to obtain Polyurethanes (U1THF, U1DMF, U2THF, U2DMF). After 3 hours lignin solution was added to form a film. Raman spectra confirmed the catalyst removal from CSBO. FTIR spectra showed the peak around 1800 cm-1 assigned to cyclic carbonate of CSBO, and a new peak of urethane linkage around 1700 cm-1 (C=O stretching) of Polyurethanes. The conversion of epoxide to cyclic carbonate was also confirmed by 1H-NMR. Upon adding lignin into the Polyurethanes, the lignin-urethane U1THF, and U1DMF formed films whereas U2THF, and U2DMF formed viscous liquids. In terms of applications, all four formulations can be potentially applied as bioadhesives.
聚氨酯的合成依赖于一种有毒的石油基异氰酸酯反应物。本研究的目的是利用二氧化碳和大豆油等环保可再生原料合成聚氨酯。以二氧化碳(CO2)和环氧化大豆油(ESBO)为原料，以戊二酸锌(ZnGA)为催化剂制备碳化大豆油，但红外光谱结果表明，在1800 cm-1附近没有环状碳酸盐峰。因此，在本工作中，a . Lee (Lee & Deng, 2015)使用四甲基溴化铵(TBAB)作为催化剂对聚氨酯的合成进行了改性。将合成的碳酸大豆油(CSBO)与3-氨基丙基三乙基氧基硅烷或二乙基三胺以环碳酸盐的摩尔比:NH2为1:1，以四氢呋喃或二氢呋喃为溶剂反应，制得聚氨酯(U1THF、U1DMF、U2THF、U2DMF)。3小时后加入木质素溶液形成薄膜。拉曼光谱证实了CSBO中催化剂的去除。FTIR光谱显示，在1800 cm-1附近有一个峰归属于CSBO的环状碳酸盐，在1700 cm-1附近有一个新的聚氨酯连接峰(C=O拉伸)。并用1H-NMR证实了环氧化物向环碳酸盐的转化。在聚氨酯中加入木质素后，木质素-聚氨酯U1THF和U1DMF形成薄膜，而U2THF和U2DMF形成粘性液体。在应用方面，这四种配方都有可能作为生物粘合剂应用。
{"title":"Bio-based Polyurethane Derived from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxidized Soybean Oil","authors":"Naruebhorn Piyataksanon, S. Suttiruengwong, M. Seadan","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.229","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of polyurethane relies on a toxic and petroleum-based isocyanate reactant. The aim of this research was to synthesize Polyurethane using environment-benign and renewable starting materials such as carbon dioxide and soybean oil. The carbonated soybean oil was first prepared from carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) using zinc glutarate (ZnGA) as a catalyst but the result of FTIR indicated the absence of the peak of cyclic carbonate around 1800 cm-1. Therefore, in this work, the synthesis of Polyurethane was modified from A. Lee (Lee & Deng, 2015) using tetramethylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a catalyst. The as-synthesized carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) was allowed to react with two types of substances, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or diethylenetriamine with the molar ratios of cyclic carbonate:NH2 of 1:1 with THF or DMF as solvents to obtain Polyurethanes (U1THF, U1DMF, U2THF, U2DMF). After 3 hours lignin solution was added to form a film. Raman spectra confirmed the catalyst removal from CSBO. FTIR spectra showed the peak around 1800 cm-1 assigned to cyclic carbonate of CSBO, and a new peak of urethane linkage around 1700 cm-1 (C=O stretching) of Polyurethanes. The conversion of epoxide to cyclic carbonate was also confirmed by 1H-NMR. Upon adding lignin into the Polyurethanes, the lignin-urethane U1THF, and U1DMF formed films whereas U2THF, and U2DMF formed viscous liquids. In terms of applications, all four formulations can be potentially applied as bioadhesives.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90720662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Pivsa‐Art, S. Pivsa‐Art, Natee Srisawasd, N. Permsombut
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are materials synthesized from wood-based fibers having excellent mechanical properties due to their high crystallinity. In this research, the cellulose nanofibers were synthesized from bamboo fibers, as the abundant natural fibers available worldwide. The cellulose nanofibers had been synthesized using chemical processes of bleaching with acetic acid and sodium chloride, followed by alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, and acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid combined with mechanical process in ultrasonic bath. Isolation of nanocellulose from bamboo scrap raw material was confirmed by different analysis methods. The morphology of CNF was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) examined chemical structure and identified the crystallinity of nanocellulose materials. The monofilament of cellulose nanofibers was prepared by using a wet spinning process. The effects of coagulating solvent, water, methanol, acetone, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on monofilament formation were studied. Morphology study of CNF monofilament was carried out using a digital camera to observe the spinnability of the monofilament and the relationship with wet spinning process conditions. The thermal properties of the nanocellulose spun in methanol and acetone as coagulation solvent were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the measuring of degradation temperature of nanocellulose spun compared with the nanocellulose extracted.
{"title":"Effect of Wet Spinning Parameters on Bamboo Cellulose Nanofiber Filament Preparation","authors":"W. Pivsa‐Art, S. Pivsa‐Art, Natee Srisawasd, N. Permsombut","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.238","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are materials synthesized from wood-based fibers having excellent mechanical properties due to their high crystallinity. In this research, the cellulose nanofibers were synthesized from bamboo fibers, as the abundant natural fibers available worldwide. The cellulose nanofibers had been synthesized using chemical processes of bleaching with acetic acid and sodium chloride, followed by alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, and acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid combined with mechanical process in ultrasonic bath. Isolation of nanocellulose from bamboo scrap raw material was confirmed by different analysis methods. The morphology of CNF was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) examined chemical structure and identified the crystallinity of nanocellulose materials. The monofilament of cellulose nanofibers was prepared by using a wet spinning process. The effects of coagulating solvent, water, methanol, acetone, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on monofilament formation were studied. Morphology study of CNF monofilament was carried out using a digital camera to observe the spinnability of the monofilament and the relationship with wet spinning process conditions. The thermal properties of the nanocellulose spun in methanol and acetone as coagulation solvent were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the measuring of degradation temperature of nanocellulose spun compared with the nanocellulose extracted.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84123186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Intaniwet, Piyapond Makming, S. Homnan, P. Ruankham, D. Wongratanaphisan, Y. Chimupala, F. Goubard, Antoine Adjaoud
Currently, several techniques have been employed in order to obtain a better quality of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this research, we focus on the development of the hole transporting material (HTM) for the efficiency as well as the stability enhancement of the PSCs. Here, a hole transporting layer (HTL) was fabricated using zincdoped nickel oxide (Zn-doped NiOx) nanoparticles and the HTL was incorporated into the cesium-formamidinium (CsFA) based PSCs to improve the electrical properties. As a result, PSCs with 1% Zn-doped NiOx demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 14.72% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC), a short-circuit current density (JSC) and a fill factor of 1.02 V, 19.59 mA/cm2 and 0.734, respectively. Moreover, the PSCs with Zn-doped NiOx showed an enhancement in shelf-stability under aging conditions. The physical properties of the Zn-doped NiOx were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological characteristics of the HTL surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the photovoltaic properties were analyzed in more detail.
{"title":"Utilization of Zinc-doped Nickel Oxide Hole Transporting Materials to Improve Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"A. Intaniwet, Piyapond Makming, S. Homnan, P. Ruankham, D. Wongratanaphisan, Y. Chimupala, F. Goubard, Antoine Adjaoud","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.236","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, several techniques have been employed in order to obtain a better quality of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this research, we focus on the development of the hole transporting material (HTM) for the efficiency as well as the stability enhancement of the PSCs. Here, a hole transporting layer (HTL) was fabricated using zincdoped nickel oxide (Zn-doped NiOx) nanoparticles and the HTL was incorporated into the cesium-formamidinium (CsFA) based PSCs to improve the electrical properties. As a result, PSCs with 1% Zn-doped NiOx demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 14.72% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC), a short-circuit current density (JSC) and a fill factor of 1.02 V, 19.59 mA/cm2 and 0.734, respectively. Moreover, the PSCs with Zn-doped NiOx showed an enhancement in shelf-stability under aging conditions. The physical properties of the Zn-doped NiOx were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological characteristics of the HTL surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the photovoltaic properties were analyzed in more detail.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83144891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poly Butylene Succinate (PBS) is one of the biodegradable polymers with good physical properties but its barrier properties such as the oxygen barrier are poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the barrier and seal properties of PBS by blending with biodegradable poly hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). PBS and PHBV (80/20 and 70/30 %w/w) with and without reactive agents were prepared using an internal mixer. Film specimens of 100 micrometers in thickness were prepared using compression molding. The morphology, barrier properties and peel-seal strength were investigated. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed an improved dispersion of PHBV in the blends after adding the reactive agents. The oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier were determined using ASTM D3985 and ASTM E96, respectively. The results showed that the addition of PHBV into the blend films led to lower OTR and WVTR when compared to the neat PBS. The addition of reactive agents can further improve the OTR and WVTR of PBS/PHBV blends due to the compact and dense structure of the films. Peel–seal behavior of the films was examined by the different sealing temperatures, which determined the failure mechanism after peeling. The blend films with reactive agents after sealing temperature between 105 and 115°C were peeled from the substrate with adhesive and cohesive failures showing the easy peel mode.
{"title":"Barrier and Seal Properties of Reactive Blending of Poly(butylene succinate) Based Blends","authors":"Pitakpong Kamrit, M. Seadan, S. Suttiruengwong","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.231","url":null,"abstract":"Poly Butylene Succinate (PBS) is one of the biodegradable polymers with good physical properties but its barrier properties such as the oxygen barrier are poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the barrier and seal properties of PBS by blending with biodegradable poly hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). PBS and PHBV (80/20 and 70/30 %w/w) with and without reactive agents were prepared using an internal mixer. Film specimens of 100 micrometers in thickness were prepared using compression molding. The morphology, barrier properties and peel-seal strength were investigated. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed an improved dispersion of PHBV in the blends after adding the reactive agents. The oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier were determined using ASTM D3985 and ASTM E96, respectively. The results showed that the addition of PHBV into the blend films led to lower OTR and WVTR when compared to the neat PBS. The addition of reactive agents can further improve the OTR and WVTR of PBS/PHBV blends due to the compact and dense structure of the films. Peel–seal behavior of the films was examined by the different sealing temperatures, which determined the failure mechanism after peeling. The blend films with reactive agents after sealing temperature between 105 and 115°C were peeled from the substrate with adhesive and cohesive failures showing the easy peel mode.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87883046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siriwat Alaksanasuwan, Adisorn Buranawong, N. Witit-anun
The structural and oxidation behavior of nanocomposite titanium chromium nitride (TiCrN) thin films has been investigated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The TiCrN thin films were deposited on Si substrates by using the reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique from the Ti-Cr mosaic target. After that, the as-deposited thin films were annealed in the air at 500 - 900°C for 2 h. The XRD results showed that the formation oxidation of anataseTiO2, rutile-TiO2, and Cr2O3 which diffraction peak appear from 500°C. The relative intensity of these oxide peaks varied with the annealed temperatures. By observing from FE-SEM, the aggregation of the grain increased with the annealing temperature. The cross-sectional results showed that the thin dense oxide overlayer occurred at 700°C and the oxide thickness increased gradually with the annealing temperature. Meanwhile, underneath the TiCrN grain grew above 700°C and become more void structure after annealing at 700°C. The dramatically increase of the oxygen content was found at 700°C and the evolution of Ti, Cr, N, and O with different elements compositions at various annealing temperatures were investigated from the EDS technique. The oxide layer obviously grows inward indicating the oxidation of TiCrN thin films belongs to inward oxidation. The oxidation rate of the films was increased with the increase of annealing temperature. The activation energy of the oxidation as evaluated by the Arrhenius-type relation was 168 kJ/mol.
{"title":"Structural and Oxidation Behavior of Nanocomposite TiCrN Thin Films","authors":"Siriwat Alaksanasuwan, Adisorn Buranawong, N. Witit-anun","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.234","url":null,"abstract":"The structural and oxidation behavior of nanocomposite titanium chromium nitride (TiCrN) thin films has been investigated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The TiCrN thin films were deposited on Si substrates by using the reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique from the Ti-Cr mosaic target. After that, the as-deposited thin films were annealed in the air at 500 - 900°C for 2 h. The XRD results showed that the formation oxidation of anataseTiO2, rutile-TiO2, and Cr2O3 which diffraction peak appear from 500°C. The relative intensity of these oxide peaks varied with the annealed temperatures. By observing from FE-SEM, the aggregation of the grain increased with the annealing temperature. The cross-sectional results showed that the thin dense oxide overlayer occurred at 700°C and the oxide thickness increased gradually with the annealing temperature. Meanwhile, underneath the TiCrN grain grew above 700°C and become more void structure after annealing at 700°C. The dramatically increase of the oxygen content was found at 700°C and the evolution of Ti, Cr, N, and O with different elements compositions at various annealing temperatures were investigated from the EDS technique. The oxide layer obviously grows inward indicating the oxidation of TiCrN thin films belongs to inward oxidation. The oxidation rate of the films was increased with the increase of annealing temperature. The activation energy of the oxidation as evaluated by the Arrhenius-type relation was 168 kJ/mol.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91049731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been highlighted in its unique electronic structure with a medium bandgap, high thermal and chemical stability in the ambient environment. It is promoted as a photocatalytic material. To enhance photocatalytic properties, Sn-modified g-C3N4 was synthesized from urea and Sn powder. Firstly, urea was fired at 450-650oC in the air to synthesize g-C3N4 powder. Then such g-C3N4 powder was mixed with Sn powder for 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mole ratio and fired at 550oC in ambient. To investigate the phase formation and light absorption, XRD and light absorption spectrophotometers were performed, respectively. The light absorption value was used to calculate band gap energy (Eg). It was found that the XRD results of synthesized g-C3N4 were on the broad peak to narrow peak in synthesized temperatures 450-650oC. The light absorption of synthesized powder at 550oC was higher than others. Thus, synthesized powder at 550oC was chosen to mix with Sn powder. It observed that E g of Sn-modified g-C3N4 decreased depending on the amount of Sn and synthesized temperatures.
{"title":"Simple Method to Synthesize g-C3N4 Doped Sn to Reduce Bandgap Energy (Eg)","authors":"C. Busabok, Wasana Khongwong, P. Ngernchuklin","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.235","url":null,"abstract":"Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been highlighted in its unique electronic structure with a medium bandgap, high thermal and chemical stability in the ambient environment. It is promoted as a photocatalytic material. To enhance photocatalytic properties, Sn-modified g-C3N4 was synthesized from urea and Sn powder. Firstly, urea was fired at 450-650oC in the air to synthesize g-C3N4 powder. Then such g-C3N4 powder was mixed with Sn powder for 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mole ratio and fired at 550oC in ambient. To investigate the phase formation and light absorption, XRD and light absorption spectrophotometers were performed, respectively. The light absorption value was used to calculate band gap energy (Eg). It was found that the XRD results of synthesized g-C3N4 were on the broad peak to narrow peak in synthesized temperatures 450-650oC. The light absorption of synthesized powder at 550oC was higher than others. Thus, synthesized powder at 550oC was chosen to mix with Sn powder. It observed that E g of Sn-modified g-C3N4 decreased depending on the amount of Sn and synthesized temperatures.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82411881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compostable plastics such as Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and Poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) have been extensively used in many applications, from commodity to engineering ones. These plastics offer the circularity of the carbon cycle. However, each of them has advantages and disadvantages. The ternary blend of these three are therefore very interesting in terms of phase morphology and their physical properties while offering compostable practices. In this work, the blends of PLA/PBAT/PBS were studied. PLA/PBAT was fixed at 50/50 whereas PBS was varied from 10 to 40 % wt. In order to ensure the compatibility, peroxide and carbodiimide compounds were used. The results show an immiscibility of PLA/PBAT/PBS blend, with continuous surface of PLA and PBAT while PBS is dispersed phase. However, it shows the better interfacial adhesion of PLA/PBAT/PBS when reactive compounds were added. The mechanical properties indicated the modulus of all blends higher than neat PBAT (~52 MPa) and PBS (~377 MPa). However, it insignificantly changed when increased PBS contents, similar to the tensile strength results.
{"title":"Properties of Ternary Blends of Compostable PLA/PBAT/PBS","authors":"Sarocha Chuakhao, M. Seadan, S. Suttiruengwong","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.228","url":null,"abstract":"Compostable plastics such as Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and Poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) have been extensively used in many applications, from commodity to engineering ones. These plastics offer the circularity of the carbon cycle. However, each of them has advantages and disadvantages. The ternary blend of these three are therefore very interesting in terms of phase morphology and their physical properties while offering compostable practices. In this work, the blends of PLA/PBAT/PBS were studied. PLA/PBAT was fixed at 50/50 whereas PBS was varied from 10 to 40 % wt. In order to ensure the compatibility, peroxide and carbodiimide compounds were used. The results show an immiscibility of PLA/PBAT/PBS blend, with continuous surface of PLA and PBAT while PBS is dispersed phase. However, it shows the better interfacial adhesion of PLA/PBAT/PBS when reactive compounds were added. The mechanical properties indicated the modulus of all blends higher than neat PBAT (~52 MPa) and PBS (~377 MPa). However, it insignificantly changed when increased PBS contents, similar to the tensile strength results.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90949039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanyarat Kumnoedauy, P. Damrongsak, K. Locharoenrat, B. Damrongsak
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have recently been studied as a multi-functional and multi-target nanomedicine for cancer treatment. They can be used not only as a nanocarrier for delivery of the chemotherapy drug but also as an antiradical agent due to their photo-catalytic and photo-oxidizing abilities. Our previous work showed a potential use of commercial-available ZnO NPs without and with carboplatin for the treatment of retinoblastoma. The aim of this work was to synthesize ZnO NPs having smaller particle size than the commercial ones, i.e., 100 nm average diameter, in order to improve the reaction time. ZnO NPs were prepared by a sol-gel technique and calcined with different calcination conditions. The structure and particle size of ZnO powders were characterized using an x-ray diffractometer and a particle size analyzer. Average nanoparticle sizes of 16.32 ± 1.64 nm were achieved at a calcination temperature of 300 degree Celsius and 1 hour holding time. The antiradical activity of prepared ZnO NPs in cooperation with ultraviolet irradiation was assessed using a putative model of cancer cells, i.e., 2,2(diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) radicals (DPPH*). An optical spectroscopy was used to detect the decrease in peak absorbance of the antiradical solution at a wavelength of 515 nm, which in turn can be used to calculate the percent remaining of DPPH*. The disappearance of DPPH* with respect to the reaction time revealed that prepared ZnO NPs (16.32 ± 1.64 nm) improved response time as compared with ZnO NPs (100 nm). Moreover, the effective ZnO concentrations to reduce the initial DPPH* concentration by 50%, also known as the EC50 value in the present study, is lower indicating the improvement of anti-proliferative activity when compared to the commercial ZnO NPs.
{"title":"Preparation, Characterization and Antiradical Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Kanyarat Kumnoedauy, P. Damrongsak, K. Locharoenrat, B. Damrongsak","doi":"10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.225","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have recently been studied as a multi-functional and multi-target nanomedicine for cancer treatment. They can be used not only as a nanocarrier for delivery of the chemotherapy drug but also as an antiradical agent due to their photo-catalytic and photo-oxidizing abilities. Our previous work showed a potential use of commercial-available ZnO NPs without and with carboplatin for the treatment of retinoblastoma. The aim of this work was to synthesize ZnO NPs having smaller particle size than the commercial ones, i.e., 100 nm average diameter, in order to improve the reaction time. ZnO NPs were prepared by a sol-gel technique and calcined with different calcination conditions. The structure and particle size of ZnO powders were characterized using an x-ray diffractometer and a particle size analyzer. Average nanoparticle sizes of 16.32 ± 1.64 nm were achieved at a calcination temperature of 300 degree Celsius and 1 hour holding time. The antiradical activity of prepared ZnO NPs in cooperation with ultraviolet irradiation was assessed using a putative model of cancer cells, i.e., 2,2(diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) radicals (DPPH*). An optical spectroscopy was used to detect the decrease in peak absorbance of the antiradical solution at a wavelength of 515 nm, which in turn can be used to calculate the percent remaining of DPPH*. The disappearance of DPPH* with respect to the reaction time revealed that prepared ZnO NPs (16.32 ± 1.64 nm) improved response time as compared with ZnO NPs (100 nm). Moreover, the effective ZnO concentrations to reduce the initial DPPH* concentration by 50%, also known as the EC50 value in the present study, is lower indicating the improvement of anti-proliferative activity when compared to the commercial ZnO NPs.","PeriodicalId":31349,"journal":{"name":"Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80216558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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