Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74587
R. Meshram, Monika Madhusoodan, S. Wagh
The chapter focuses on the strengths of dynamic phasor (DP) based model over conventional time domain model and the controller designed using it for selected harmonic mitigation. To validate the effectiveness of the controller designed using DP-based model, the single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with various loads has been considered including effects of intermittent nature of renewable energy sources e.g. photovoltaic module. The DP technique offers distinct advantages in modelling, simulation, and control with respect to the time domain models. With the assets of DP modelling technique based on the measurement of harmonic coefficients, the PI controller is designed which eliminates selected voltage and current harmonics in VSI and results are compared with the repetitive control technique. It has been proved through simulations that as compared to conventional technique, the proposed DP-based PI controller eliminates multiple selected frequencies effectively.
{"title":"Harmonic Mitigation for VSI Using DP-Based PI Controller","authors":"R. Meshram, Monika Madhusoodan, S. Wagh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74587","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter focuses on the strengths of dynamic phasor (DP) based model over conventional time domain model and the controller designed using it for selected harmonic mitigation. To validate the effectiveness of the controller designed using DP-based model, the single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with various loads has been considered including effects of intermittent nature of renewable energy sources e.g. photovoltaic module. The DP technique offers distinct advantages in modelling, simulation, and control with respect to the time domain models. With the assets of DP modelling technique based on the measurement of harmonic coefficients, the PI controller is designed which eliminates selected voltage and current harmonics in VSI and results are compared with the repetitive control technique. It has been proved through simulations that as compared to conventional technique, the proposed DP-based PI controller eliminates multiple selected frequencies effectively.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129333332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74581
H. K. Sahoo, Umamani Subudhi
Accurate estimation and tracking of power quality disturbances requires efficient adap- tive model based techniques which should have elegant structures to be implemented in practical systems. Adaptive filters have been used as a popular estimator to track the time- varying power quality events, but the performance is limited due to higher order nonlinearity exists in system dynamics. Harmonics generated in the generation and dis- tribution system are one of the critical power quality issues to be addressed properly. Least mean square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) based adaptive estimation models can be used to track the harmonic amplitudes and phases in practical power system applications. Due to time varying nature of harmonic parameters, modifications have to be incorporated in adaptive filters based modeling during estimation of the harmonic parameters and decaying DC components present in the distorted power sig- nals. Volterra expansions can be combined with the adaptive filtering to improve the estimation accuracy and enhance the convergence rate of the estimation model.
{"title":"Power System Harmonics Estimation Using Adaptive Filters","authors":"H. K. Sahoo, Umamani Subudhi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74581","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimation and tracking of power quality disturbances requires efficient adap- tive model based techniques which should have elegant structures to be implemented in practical systems. Adaptive filters have been used as a popular estimator to track the time- varying power quality events, but the performance is limited due to higher order nonlinearity exists in system dynamics. Harmonics generated in the generation and dis- tribution system are one of the critical power quality issues to be addressed properly. Least mean square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) based adaptive estimation models can be used to track the harmonic amplitudes and phases in practical power system applications. Due to time varying nature of harmonic parameters, modifications have to be incorporated in adaptive filters based modeling during estimation of the harmonic parameters and decaying DC components present in the distorted power sig- nals. Volterra expansions can be combined with the adaptive filtering to improve the estimation accuracy and enhance the convergence rate of the estimation model.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115966956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74584
Emmanuel Hernández Mayoral, Miguel A. Lopez, Hugo Jorge Cortina Marrero, R. Cortez
A harmonic analysis for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. A back-to-back frequency converter as voltage source for excite to rotor winding is used whereas than the electrical network excites to stator winding. The analysis is based on the induction machine model and the steady-state frequency converter model. Additionally, dynamic-state and steady-state models are devel- oped and compared validating the results of the simulations obtaining a harmonic model, in steady-state, clear, and precise of the wind energy conversion system. the harmonic analysis of the double-fed induction generator interconnected to the electrical network. The results indicate harmonic and non-harmonic currents can exist in both generator windings depending on the slip and the fundamental frequency in both voltage sources. The results of the steady-state simulation were compared with the results in dynamic-state model obtaining great similarity in the waveforms of the currents in the stator and rotor, in both magnitude and phase angle resulting in a proper model for harmonic and non-harmonic analysis of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) which can be used for ‘ harmonic ’ analysis in electrical power systems.
{"title":"Harmonic Analysis of the Wind Energy Conversion System Connected with Electrical Network","authors":"Emmanuel Hernández Mayoral, Miguel A. Lopez, Hugo Jorge Cortina Marrero, R. Cortez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74584","url":null,"abstract":"A harmonic analysis for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented. A back-to-back frequency converter as voltage source for excite to rotor winding is used whereas than the electrical network excites to stator winding. The analysis is based on the induction machine model and the steady-state frequency converter model. Additionally, dynamic-state and steady-state models are devel- oped and compared validating the results of the simulations obtaining a harmonic model, in steady-state, clear, and precise of the wind energy conversion system. the harmonic analysis of the double-fed induction generator interconnected to the electrical network. The results indicate harmonic and non-harmonic currents can exist in both generator windings depending on the slip and the fundamental frequency in both voltage sources. The results of the steady-state simulation were compared with the results in dynamic-state model obtaining great similarity in the waveforms of the currents in the stator and rotor, in both magnitude and phase angle resulting in a proper model for harmonic and non-harmonic analysis of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) which can be used for ‘ harmonic ’ analysis in electrical power systems.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132595035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74580
C. W. Ling
Inverter play important role in power system especially with it capability on reducing system size and increase efficient. Recent research trend of power electronics system are focusing on multilevel inverter topic in optimization on voltage output, reduce total harmonics distortion, modulation technique and switching configuration. Standalone application multilevel inverter is high focused due to the rise of renewable energy policy all around the world. Hence, this research emphasis on identify best topology of multilevel inverter and optimize it among the diode-clamped, capacitor clamped and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter to be used for standalone application in term of total harmonics distortion and voltage boosting capability. The first part of research that is identify best topology multilevel inverter is applying sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The result shown cascade H-bridge give the best output in both total harmonics distortion (9.27%) and fundamental component voltage (240 Vrms). The research proceed with optimization with fundamental switching frequency method that is optimized harmonic stepped waveform modulation method. The selective harmonics elimination calculation have adapt with genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in order to speed up the calculation. Both bio-inspired algorithm is compared in term of total harmonic distortion and selected harmonics elimination for both equal and unequal sources. In overall result shown both algorithm have high accuracy in solving the non-linear equation. However, genetic algorithm shown better output quality in term of selected harmonics elimination where overall no exceeding 0.4%. Particle swarm optimization shows strength in finding best total harmonics distortion where in 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (m=0.8) show 6.8% only as compared to genetic algorithm. Simulation for 3-level, 5-level and 7-level for each multilevel inverter at different circumferences had been done in this research. The result draw out a conclusion where the possibility of having a filterless high efficient invert can be achieve.
{"title":"Harmonic Reduction of a Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"C. W. Ling","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74580","url":null,"abstract":"Inverter play important role in power system especially with it capability on reducing \u0000system size and increase efficient. Recent research trend of power electronics system \u0000are focusing on multilevel inverter topic in optimization on voltage output, reduce total \u0000harmonics distortion, modulation technique and switching configuration. Standalone \u0000application multilevel inverter is high focused due to the rise of renewable energy \u0000policy all around the world. Hence, this research emphasis on identify best topology \u0000of multilevel inverter and optimize it among the diode-clamped, capacitor clamped \u0000and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter to be used for standalone application in term \u0000of total harmonics distortion and voltage boosting capability. The first part of research \u0000that is identify best topology multilevel inverter is applying sinusoidal pulse width \u0000modulation technique. The result shown cascade H-bridge give the best output in both \u0000total harmonics distortion (9.27%) and fundamental component voltage (240 Vrms). \u0000The research proceed with optimization with fundamental switching frequency method \u0000that is optimized harmonic stepped waveform modulation method. The selective \u0000harmonics elimination calculation have adapt with genetic algorithm and particle \u0000swarm optimization in order to speed up the calculation. Both bio-inspired algorithm \u0000is compared in term of total harmonic distortion and selected harmonics elimination \u0000for both equal and unequal sources. In overall result shown both algorithm have high \u0000accuracy in solving the non-linear equation. However, genetic algorithm shown better \u0000output quality in term of selected harmonics elimination where overall no exceeding \u00000.4%. Particle swarm optimization shows strength in finding best total harmonics \u0000distortion where in 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (m=0.8) show 6.8% \u0000only as compared to genetic algorithm. Simulation for 3-level, 5-level and 7-level for \u0000each multilevel inverter at different circumferences had been done in this research. The \u0000result draw out a conclusion where the possibility of having a filterless high efficient \u0000invert can be achieve.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74577
N. Tagawa, Takuya Hiraoka, I. Akiyama
Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) is highly effective for correct diagnosis. On the other hand, pulse compression is often used in a radar system and an ultrasound imaging system to perform high SNR measurement. Therefore, the performance of pulse compression of tissue harmonic imaging is required to be improved. The frequency-dependent attenuation (FDA) is a crucial problem in medical tissue imaging. In the pulse compression imaging, the deterioration of echoes by the FDA lowers the performance of a matched filtering using an ideal transmitted pulse as a template signal. Since, especially in the harmonic imaging, higher-frequency components are used for imaging than the fundamental imaging, the compensation of the FDA is strongly important for high-definition imaging. In this study, we examine a method to reduce the influence of the FDA on harmonics.
{"title":"Compensation of Frequency-Dependent Attenuation for Tissue Harmonic Pulse Compression Imaging","authors":"N. Tagawa, Takuya Hiraoka, I. Akiyama","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74577","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) is highly effective for correct diagnosis. On the other hand, pulse compression is often used in a radar system and an ultrasound imaging system to perform high SNR measurement. Therefore, the performance of pulse compression of tissue harmonic imaging is required to be improved. The frequency-dependent attenuation (FDA) is a crucial problem in medical tissue imaging. In the pulse compression imaging, the deterioration of echoes by the FDA lowers the performance of a matched filtering using an ideal transmitted pulse as a template signal. Since, especially in the harmonic imaging, higher-frequency components are used for imaging than the fundamental imaging, the compensation of the FDA is strongly important for high-definition imaging. In this study, we examine a method to reduce the influence of the FDA on harmonics.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131792804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77182
A. Amoo, U. Aliyu, G. Bakare
Harmonic analysis comes into limelight at this contemporary world as a result of pro- liferation of non-linear loads producing waveform distortions in power systems. It has apparently outshined other important phrases such as power outage, power factor and so on which are known for their devastating impacts. The emergence of distorted waveform has adverse effects which could be slow or rapid damage of key apparatus and equipment, namely power transformers, electric motors and other sensitive computer as well as communication facilities. In fact, it is very easy to assess the menace of power outage or power factor since both the utility and consumers keep watchdog on their bill -ings/operating costs in case of power factor or the economic losses when there is outage. Unfortunately, the detection of harmonics could only be analysed using high-tech power systems harmonic analysers and there is a need to provide stakeholders in the industry compendium of computational tools for fast harmonic analysis. Thus, the harmonic data acquired were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) implemented on MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB 8) software platform to facilitate accurate prediction of harmonic distortions.
{"title":"Compendium of Computational Tools for Power Systems Harmonic Analysis","authors":"A. Amoo, U. Aliyu, G. Bakare","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77182","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic analysis comes into limelight at this contemporary world as a result of pro- liferation of non-linear loads producing waveform distortions in power systems. It has apparently outshined other important phrases such as power outage, power factor and so on which are known for their devastating impacts. The emergence of distorted waveform has adverse effects which could be slow or rapid damage of key apparatus and equipment, namely power transformers, electric motors and other sensitive computer as well as communication facilities. In fact, it is very easy to assess the menace of power outage or power factor since both the utility and consumers keep watchdog on their bill -ings/operating costs in case of power factor or the economic losses when there is outage. Unfortunately, the detection of harmonics could only be analysed using high-tech power systems harmonic analysers and there is a need to provide stakeholders in the industry compendium of computational tools for fast harmonic analysis. Thus, the harmonic data acquired were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) implemented on MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB 8) software platform to facilitate accurate prediction of harmonic distortions.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131093157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74579
Ţ. D. Daniel, M. Neagu
Biopotential signals, like the electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and so on, contain vital information about the health state of human body. The morphology and time/frequency parameters of the biopotentials are of interest when diagnostic information is extracted and analyzed. The powerline interference (PLI), with the fundamental PLI component of 50 Hz/60 Hz and its harmonics, is one of the most disturbing noise sources in biopotential recordings that hampers the analysis of the electrical signals generated by the human body. The aim of this chapter is to review the existing methods to eliminate harmonics PLI from biopotential signals and to analyze the distortion introduced by some of the most basic approaches for PLI cancelation and whether this distortion affects the diagnostic performance in biopotentials investigations.
{"title":"Cancelling Harmonic Power Line Interference in Biopotentials","authors":"Ţ. D. Daniel, M. Neagu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74579","url":null,"abstract":"Biopotential signals, like the electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and so on, contain vital information about the health state of human body. The morphology and time/frequency parameters of the biopotentials are of interest when diagnostic information is extracted and analyzed. The powerline interference (PLI), with the fundamental PLI component of 50 Hz/60 Hz and its harmonics, is one of the most disturbing noise sources in biopotential recordings that hampers the analysis of the electrical signals generated by the human body. The aim of this chapter is to review the existing methods to eliminate harmonics PLI from biopotential signals and to analyze the distortion introduced by some of the most basic approaches for PLI cancelation and whether this distortion affects the diagnostic performance in biopotentials investigations.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127553406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74586
E. Aksoy, Yasin Yavuz, Mert Karahan
In this chapter, the harmonic calculations and suppression methods in 4D arrays are explored. First, the fundamentals of the 4D arrays including the switching strategies and metaheuristic approach to suppression of sidebands are provided, and further, the har- monic reduction strategies using optimizers are discussed. Finally, a novel noniterative algorithmic way to suppress the harmonic radiations is introduced and exemplified by an illustrative example.
{"title":"Optimization Approaches in Sideband Calculations and a Non- Iterative Harmonic Suppression Strategy in 4D Arrays","authors":"E. Aksoy, Yasin Yavuz, Mert Karahan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74586","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the harmonic calculations and suppression methods in 4D arrays are explored. First, the fundamentals of the 4D arrays including the switching strategies and metaheuristic approach to suppression of sidebands are provided, and further, the har- monic reduction strategies using optimizers are discussed. Finally, a novel noniterative algorithmic way to suppress the harmonic radiations is introduced and exemplified by an illustrative example.","PeriodicalId":313869,"journal":{"name":"Compendium of New Techniques in Harmonic Analysis","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132032447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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