RADIOLOGIA最新文献

The aim of this work is to provide a diagnostic approach to the potential causes of optic neuropathy, focusing on the radiological findings associated with this pathology. Various etiologies have been identified, including inflammatory and demyelinating optic neuritis, developmental and hereditary diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious conditions, post-traumatic causes, ischemic optic neuropathy (with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy being the most common form), and neoplastic etiologies. Optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play a fundamental role in the diagnosis of optic neuropathy, allowing to distinguish patterns of optic nerve involvement. These studies are essential to locate and characterize the different pathologies, increasing the precision of the diagnosis in diseases presenting optic neuropathy as the main symptom. In conclusion, the findings obtained from magnetic resonance imaging are essential in the differential diagnosis of optic nerve diseases, aiding in the localization and characterization of various pathologies affecting either the optic pathway alone or multiple levels of the central nervous system and thereby increasing diagnostic accuracy.

Inflammatory mastitis of unknown etiology includes the entities periductal mastitis and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. These relatively uncommon processes usually affect women of childbearing age. They usually present as a palpable mass that is painful on palpation. These lesions have an insidious clinical course and are difficult to diagnose. In some cases, they can resemble malignant disease, especially in some very developed cases where they can resemble inflammatory carcinoma. When considered all together in the appropriate clinical context, the magnetic resonance imaging signs enable us to approach a specific diagnosis. These entities share clinical and radiological characteristics with malignant processes, so biopsies are fundamental to rule out malignancy.

Introduction and objectives

To compare the real time skin dosimeter values at lens between with the lens included in the scan range (orbitomeatal base line [OML]) or without the lens included in the scan range (superior orbitomeatal line [SOML]) at different tube voltages.

Materials and methods

We used three pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms with a 64 detector-row computed tomography (CT) scanner with the OML- or SOML-protocol at different tube voltages during the head CT. A real time skin dosimeter was inserted into the phantom center of the head, and surfaces of the lens. We compared the real time skin dosimeter values at lens between the OML- and SOML-protocol.

Results

There were no significant differences in the real time skin dosimeter values for the head in the scan area for each phantom at different tube voltages between the OML- and SOML-protocol (P > .05 for all phantom). Compared with the OML protocol, it is possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at lens by approximately 80% by using the SOML protocol (P < .05) at all tube voltages. Compared with the OML protocol, it is possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at mammary gland by approximately 20% by using the SOML protocol (P < .05) at all tube voltages.

Conclusions

During the pediatric head CT examination, SOML protocol was possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at lens by approximately 80% compared with OML protocol at all tube voltages.

The examination for the Medical Intern Resident (MIR) is a multiple-choice test aimed at ranking candidates for specialized medical training positions in Spain. The objective of this study is to provide an objective analysis of this test in its 2022 edition as an evaluative tool for discrimination, with a particular focus on the field of radiology and nuclear medicine. The clinical cases associated with radiology images or nuclear medicine pose greater difficulty compared to the rest of the MIR exam questions. Out of the 14 questions related to radiological or nuclear medicine images, six of them exhibit high difficulty, and only 5 out of the 14 questions demonstrate good or excellent discriminatory capacity. While the MIR exam proves to be an excellent discriminatory tool in psychometric terms, the image-related questions show a significant potential for improvement. In order for the image-associated question to exhibit appropriate discrimination, it is essential to minimize irrelevant information, ensure that it complements the clinical information provided in the text without contradicting it, represent the characteristic imaging finding of the disease, utilize the appropriate imaging modality, maintain a moderate difficulty level for the questions, and ensure that the distractors are clearly false.

The European Union is taking the lead globally on the regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and developing important legislation, namely the AI Act. The purpose of this article is to describe this regulation and examine three implications that will affect radiologists. In relation to the ‘risk approach’, AI applications in radiology will be classified as high risk, thus necessitating compliance with a series of requirements and obligations. Secondly, ‘effective radiologist supervision’ involves establishing supervision-automation levels, defining an appropriate degree of authority, and determining how AI recommendations will be documented in the radiological report. Finally, this article examines the different forms of ‘legal liability’ that radiologists may incur in the event of a diagnostic error made by combined radiologist-artificial intelligence.

Myofibroblastoma is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor of the breast. Three cases of breast myofibroblastoma diagnosed in our clinical institution are presented, aiming to describe its clinical and radiologic characteristics, with a short literature review.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the alternative to surgical valve replacement, expanding its indications in the latest guidelines. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is essential in patient selection and detection of complications. Vascular complications are frequent, so it is important to analyze the anatomy of the vessels before the procedure. Regarding annular ruptures and ventricular perforations, the volume and distribution of calcium and the ventricular diameter play an important role. Finally, valve migration is a rare complication that can occur both during and after TAVI. Proper planning of the MDCT procedure reduces the risk of complications and gives the interventional cardiologist security both before and during the procedure.