Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.127
I. Volchyn, Vladyslav Rashchepkin, Danylo Cherervatskyi
Ukraine's Green Energy Transition by 2050 involves a number of energy transformations in the economy, including decarbonisation, fossil fuel abandonment and the further development of renewable energy sources (RES). For a long-term storage of energy generated by RES, the chemical systems are most suitable that convert electricity into chemical energy of such types of fuels like hydrogen and ammonia, which after being burnt do not produce emissions of carbon monoxide and oxide, sulfur dioxide, or dust. Ammonia manufacturers that use traditional production technology are being themselves large consumers of fossil fuels and electricity and emit hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide. An ecological alternative is the synthesis of green ammonia based on the electrolytic production of hydrogen using electricity produced by RES. But this option requires a lot of electricity. In the context of Ukraine, with an annual demand for the production of 5 million tons of carbon-free ammonia, the required consumption of electricity amounts to 55 billion kWh. To obtain green ammonia in Ukraine, it is necessary to dramatically increase the scope of nuclear power plants and RES capacities, while abandoning the use of coal-fired power plants. Decentralized production of green ammonia can become an effective regulator of electric power in the power system without restrictions on the operation of nuclear power plants and RES. The start of this production will come after the development of synthesis technologies of green ammonia and the expiration of RES preferences in the energy market of Ukraine. Keywords: ammonia, carbon dioxide, emission, electricity, RES, demand-side load regulation.
{"title":"Green ammonia production for green deal of Ukraine","authors":"I. Volchyn, Vladyslav Rashchepkin, Danylo Cherervatskyi","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.127","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine's Green Energy Transition by 2050 involves a number of energy transformations in the economy, including decarbonisation, fossil fuel abandonment and the further development of renewable energy sources (RES). For a long-term storage of energy generated by RES, the chemical systems are most suitable that convert electricity into chemical energy of such types of fuels like hydrogen and ammonia, which after being burnt do not produce emissions of carbon monoxide and oxide, sulfur dioxide, or dust. Ammonia manufacturers that use traditional production technology are being themselves large consumers of fossil fuels and electricity and emit hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide. An ecological alternative is the synthesis of green ammonia based on the electrolytic production of hydrogen using electricity produced by RES. But this option requires a lot of electricity. In the context of Ukraine, with an annual demand for the production of 5 million tons of carbon-free ammonia, the required consumption of electricity amounts to 55 billion kWh. To obtain green ammonia in Ukraine, it is necessary to dramatically increase the scope of nuclear power plants and RES capacities, while abandoning the use of coal-fired power plants. Decentralized production of green ammonia can become an effective regulator of electric power in the power system without restrictions on the operation of nuclear power plants and RES. The start of this production will come after the development of synthesis technologies of green ammonia and the expiration of RES preferences in the energy market of Ukraine. Keywords: ammonia, carbon dioxide, emission, electricity, RES, demand-side load regulation.","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115746045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.020
O. Zgurovets, М. Kulyk
The paper considers the question creation of an effective system of adjustment of frequency and power using modern energy storage systems based on high-capacity accumulator batteries. Within the framework of the research, different types of frequency and power regulators were considered. The authors proposed an approach to the implementation of the adjustment system with the help of battery energy storage. There were performed comparative calculations of different adjustment systems and was demonstrated the advantage of the suggested approach. The research was performed by numerical simulation of the automatic system of adjustment of frequency and power with emergency imbalance. The efficiency of regulation was determined by the analysis of accepted indicators of regulation quality, namely, the maximum frequency deviation and the duration of the transient process. It was found that the use of the high-speed battery energy storage units in the automatic adjustment system of frequency and power demonstrates the best indicators of frequency stabilization, which satisfy the normative requirements established in the power system. The conducted analysis of the energy and economic indicators has shown the absolute advantage of using battery energy storage systems in both technological and economical terms over other variants of regulators. Keywords: frequency, regulation, power, speed, power system, battery energy storage systems
{"title":"Possibilities to form a modern reserve of supporting of a frequency in integrated power systems based on storage batteries for automatic adjustment of frequency and power","authors":"O. Zgurovets, М. Kulyk","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.020","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the question creation of an effective system of adjustment of frequency and power using modern energy storage systems based on high-capacity accumulator batteries. Within the framework of the research, different types of frequency and power regulators were considered. The authors proposed an approach to the implementation of the adjustment system with the help of battery energy storage. There were performed comparative calculations of different adjustment systems and was demonstrated the advantage of the suggested approach. The research was performed by numerical simulation of the automatic system of adjustment of frequency and power with emergency imbalance. The efficiency of regulation was determined by the analysis of accepted indicators of regulation quality, namely, the maximum frequency deviation and the duration of the transient process. It was found that the use of the high-speed battery energy storage units in the automatic adjustment system of frequency and power demonstrates the best indicators of frequency stabilization, which satisfy the normative requirements established in the power system. The conducted analysis of the energy and economic indicators has shown the absolute advantage of using battery energy storage systems in both technological and economical terms over other variants of regulators. Keywords: frequency, regulation, power, speed, power system, battery energy storage systems","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123710628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.090
V. Babak, A. Zaporozhets, Yurii Kuts Yurii, L. Shcherbak
Information-measuring technologies (IMT) are an important instrument for solving problems of energy informatics. They allow to form primary information based on the interaction of energy facilities with IMT sensors that form information signals. In many practical applications, the constructive model of information signals is the model of narrowband signals. The article summarizes the features of the discrete Hilbert transform and its application to obtain the primary characteristics of information signals – bypass and phase as functions of time. The main advantages of using the discrete Hilbert transform in signal processing for energy informatics are considered, including the consistency of obtaining frequency and time characteristics, high information content, the ability to analyze the dynamics of changes in signal characteristics, the possibility of obtaining samples of characteristics of information signals of significant volumes, etc. It is proposed to use a phase characteristic to select the time interval that limits the signal sample and sets it to a multiple of the signal period, and the sampling rate of information signals to reduce the errors in estimating their spectrum. The possibility of obtaining on their basis secondary deterministic (voltage level, voltage deviations from the nominal level, attenuation coefficient, signal period, signal phase shift, oscillation frequency, etc.) and statistical (sample characteristic, sample variance, sample median, sample circular variance, sample circular median, sample circular kurtosis, etc.) of signal information characteristics, which allows more complete to use their information resource. These characteristics can be used both for assessing power quality characteristics and for monitoring and diagnosing of energy facilities. Keywords: energy informatics, information signals, signal processing, discrete Hilbert transform, amplitude signal characteristics, phase signal characteristics
{"title":"Some features of Hilbert transform and their use in energy informatics","authors":"V. Babak, A. Zaporozhets, Yurii Kuts Yurii, L. Shcherbak","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.090","url":null,"abstract":"Information-measuring technologies (IMT) are an important instrument for solving problems of energy informatics. They allow to form primary information based on the interaction of energy facilities with IMT sensors that form information signals. In many practical applications, the constructive model of information signals is the model of narrowband signals. The article summarizes the features of the discrete Hilbert transform and its application to obtain the primary characteristics of information signals – bypass and phase as functions of time. The main advantages of using the discrete Hilbert transform in signal processing for energy informatics are considered, including the consistency of obtaining frequency and time characteristics, high information content, the ability to analyze the dynamics of changes in signal characteristics, the possibility of obtaining samples of characteristics of information signals of significant volumes, etc. It is proposed to use a phase characteristic to select the time interval that limits the signal sample and sets it to a multiple of the signal period, and the sampling rate of information signals to reduce the errors in estimating their spectrum. The possibility of obtaining on their basis secondary deterministic (voltage level, voltage deviations from the nominal level, attenuation coefficient, signal period, signal phase shift, oscillation frequency, etc.) and statistical (sample characteristic, sample variance, sample median, sample circular variance, sample circular median, sample circular kurtosis, etc.) of signal information characteristics, which allows more complete to use their information resource. These characteristics can be used both for assessing power quality characteristics and for monitoring and diagnosing of energy facilities. Keywords: energy informatics, information signals, signal processing, discrete Hilbert transform, amplitude signal characteristics, phase signal characteristics","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129926914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.082
N. Maistrenko
The article clarifies the normative method of forecasting the demand for energy resources at different hierarchical levels of economic construction by including an improved three-level method of calculating forecast levels of energy consumption taking into account regional specifics by the types of economic activity with the current division of the country’s economy. The methodic takes into account both the overall energy saving potential in the country as a whole, at the level of economic sectors, at the level of individual industries (services) and its features at the regional level (region, city, village, town, territorial community) in certain (selected) in the provision of services (production). The volumes of perspective structural (intersectional and intrasectional) and technological electric saving in Ukraine and the region of Kyiv region according to the scenarios of economic development and main consumers are analyzed. The study has been conducted according to a conservative scenario as part of the overall forecast of energy consumption in Ukraine. As a result, the forecast of electricity consumption in the economy of Ukraine for the period up to 2040 for the general government sector and others is presented. This sector is included in the Other Foreign Economic Activities sector and at the same time consists of sections: Public Administration and Defense; compulsory social insurance; Education; Health care and providing social assistance, etc. The rest part of the economy was taken into account in the industrial sector. Consumption of population in a general way is determined by the specific costs per capita in the base year and the forecast of its number for the study period at the level of the country and region. To clarify it, the technological potential of energy saving is determined. In the example of the Kyiv region, calculations of electricity consumption levels at the macro and meso levels for the region were performed. Keywords: demand, structure of the economy, energy saving potential, electricity capacity, gross electricity consumption
{"title":"The prediction of energy consumption for the sector of general government in the Ukrainian economy until 2040","authors":"N. Maistrenko","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.082","url":null,"abstract":"The article clarifies the normative method of forecasting the demand for energy resources at different hierarchical levels of economic construction by including an improved three-level method of calculating forecast levels of energy consumption taking into account regional specifics by the types of economic activity with the current division of the country’s economy. The methodic takes into account both the overall energy saving potential in the country as a whole, at the level of economic sectors, at the level of individual industries (services) and its features at the regional level (region, city, village, town, territorial community) in certain (selected) in the provision of services (production). The volumes of perspective structural (intersectional and intrasectional) and technological electric saving in Ukraine and the region of Kyiv region according to the scenarios of economic development and main consumers are analyzed. The study has been conducted according to a conservative scenario as part of the overall forecast of energy consumption in Ukraine. As a result, the forecast of electricity consumption in the economy of Ukraine for the period up to 2040 for the general government sector and others is presented. This sector is included in the Other Foreign Economic Activities sector and at the same time consists of sections: Public Administration and Defense; compulsory social insurance; Education; Health care and providing social assistance, etc. The rest part of the economy was taken into account in the industrial sector. Consumption of population in a general way is determined by the specific costs per capita in the base year and the forecast of its number for the study period at the level of the country and region. To clarify it, the technological potential of energy saving is determined. In the example of the Kyiv region, calculations of electricity consumption levels at the macro and meso levels for the region were performed. Keywords: demand, structure of the economy, energy saving potential, electricity capacity, gross electricity consumption","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131683098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.115
L. Zhukov, D. Petrenko
The article is devoted to metrological characteristics increase of two-color compensative thermometry by clarifying its adjustment using the linear method of indirect measurements of emissivity. The aim of the article is to investigate the influence of radiative characteristics (determinative factors) of the thermometered object on methodical errors of indirect emissivity and temperature measurements. The formulae and graphic representations of complex influence of object radiative characteristics on errors of indirect emissivity and temperature measurements have been obtained. Higher metrological characteristics of two-color compensative thermometry with clarified adjustment by linear method, compared with apriori averaged adjustment, have been established. Thus, in the case of linear emissivity spectral distributions the errors of emissivity and temperature measurements are excluded. At the values of object factors that correspond to tungsten, the linear method, in comparison with limit conditions at averaged apriori adjustment, allows the emissivity measurement error to be reduced 3,8 times, and the temperature error – by 4,8 times. Two-color compensative thermometry with clarified adjustment widens the application field of non-alternative for the most effective resource-saving continuous high-temperature thermal control optical thermometry in the conditions of unknown and randomly variable optical characteristics of objects of control in energetics, metallurgy, glass, refractory, and other industries. Developed thermometry methods can also be utilized for aerospace research and control. Keywords: two-color compensative thermometry, linear method, equation and nonlinearity coefficient of emissivity spectral distribution, temperature, methodical error
{"title":"Investigation of metrological characteristics of indirect measurements of emissivity and temperature by linear method","authors":"L. Zhukov, D. Petrenko","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.115","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to metrological characteristics increase of two-color compensative thermometry by clarifying its adjustment using the linear method of indirect measurements of emissivity. The aim of the article is to investigate the influence of radiative characteristics (determinative factors) of the thermometered object on methodical errors of indirect emissivity and temperature measurements. The formulae and graphic representations of complex influence of object radiative characteristics on errors of indirect emissivity and temperature measurements have been obtained. Higher metrological characteristics of two-color compensative thermometry with clarified adjustment by linear method, compared with apriori averaged adjustment, have been established. Thus, in the case of linear emissivity spectral distributions the errors of emissivity and temperature measurements are excluded. At the values of object factors that correspond to tungsten, the linear method, in comparison with limit conditions at averaged apriori adjustment, allows the emissivity measurement error to be reduced 3,8 times, and the temperature error – by 4,8 times. Two-color compensative thermometry with clarified adjustment widens the application field of non-alternative for the most effective resource-saving continuous high-temperature thermal control optical thermometry in the conditions of unknown and randomly variable optical characteristics of objects of control in energetics, metallurgy, glass, refractory, and other industries. Developed thermometry methods can also be utilized for aerospace research and control. Keywords: two-color compensative thermometry, linear method, equation and nonlinearity coefficient of emissivity spectral distribution, temperature, methodical error","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124170472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.030
V. Derii, I. Sokolovska, O. Teslenko
The use of low grade heat sources by heat pump plants in heat supply systems in developed European countries is considered. It is established that process waters, natural reservoirs, ventilation emissions of buildings, sea water, heat of refrigeration units, groundwater, flue gases of boilers and thermal power plants, wastewater, heat of solar energy batteries, geothermal heat are used as low grade heat sources for heat pump plants. It is shown that for heat pump plants of district heating systems in Ukraine it is most expedient to use the heat of: ventilation emissions of buildings connected to these systems, wastewater, soils and groundwater, air, flue gases of boilers and CHP, rivers, process water, emissions and discharges of industrial enterprises. Exhaust ventilation heat of supermarkets, shopping malls and subways will be used not for district heating systems, but for the own needs of these organizations. The use of the heat of soils and groundwater will not be widely used in district heating systems due to the density of urban buildings Keywords: low grade heat source, district heating systems, thermal energy, heat pump
{"title":"Overview of low grade heat sources for heat pump plants in district heating systems","authors":"V. Derii, I. Sokolovska, O. Teslenko","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.030","url":null,"abstract":"The use of low grade heat sources by heat pump plants in heat supply systems in developed European countries is considered. It is established that process waters, natural reservoirs, ventilation emissions of buildings, sea water, heat of refrigeration units, groundwater, flue gases of boilers and thermal power plants, wastewater, heat of solar energy batteries, geothermal heat are used as low grade heat sources for heat pump plants. It is shown that for heat pump plants of district heating systems in Ukraine it is most expedient to use the heat of: ventilation emissions of buildings connected to these systems, wastewater, soils and groundwater, air, flue gases of boilers and CHP, rivers, process water, emissions and discharges of industrial enterprises. Exhaust ventilation heat of supermarkets, shopping malls and subways will be used not for district heating systems, but for the own needs of these organizations. The use of the heat of soils and groundwater will not be widely used in district heating systems due to the density of urban buildings Keywords: low grade heat source, district heating systems, thermal energy, heat pump","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127970079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.042
T. Nechaieva
The problems of functioning of the IPS of Ukraine at fast growth in its structure the renewable energy source (RES)capacities such as wind and solar power plants are considered. In existing conditions, the presence of a significant share of basic nuclear generation, a small maneuverable range of TPP power units, and a limited amount of highly maneuverable hydro generation of the existing flexibility of the power system is not enough to ensure demand-supply balance of the power system with surplus RES electricity generation. The solution to this problem is currently performed by using hydro-pumped storage during uncharacteristic daytime hours of the day and limiting of electricity supply of wind and power plants into the power system. A modern solution is the use of to the battery storage systems to transfer the surplus of electricity from these RES in hours of increased consumption. The article presents the developed approach to modeling the participation of wind and solar capacities in load coverage balances of the optimization model of the forecast structure of power system generating capacities, that takes into account both curtailment and accumulation of excess generation of these RES. The modeling results showed that with significant of wind and solar power capacities, providing balance coverage load during spring floods with a significant share of nuclear generation capacity and the need for water supply is carried out as using hydro-pumped capacity during daytime hours of surplus capacity, grid battery storage systems so and battery storage systems, working together with RES, and their power curtailment. Keywords: power system, balance reliability, mathematical model, battery energy storage system, load curve, power curtailment
{"title":"Modeling ensuring demand-supply balance of the power system in conditions of significant renewable generation","authors":"T. Nechaieva","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.042","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of functioning of the IPS of Ukraine at fast growth in its structure the renewable energy source (RES)capacities such as wind and solar power plants are considered. In existing conditions, the presence of a significant share of basic nuclear generation, a small maneuverable range of TPP power units, and a limited amount of highly maneuverable hydro generation of the existing flexibility of the power system is not enough to ensure demand-supply balance of the power system with surplus RES electricity generation. The solution to this problem is currently performed by using hydro-pumped storage during uncharacteristic daytime hours of the day and limiting of electricity supply of wind and power plants into the power system. A modern solution is the use of to the battery storage systems to transfer the surplus of electricity from these RES in hours of increased consumption. The article presents the developed approach to modeling the participation of wind and solar capacities in load coverage balances of the optimization model of the forecast structure of power system generating capacities, that takes into account both curtailment and accumulation of excess generation of these RES. The modeling results showed that with significant of wind and solar power capacities, providing balance coverage load during spring floods with a significant share of nuclear generation capacity and the need for water supply is carried out as using hydro-pumped capacity during daytime hours of surplus capacity, grid battery storage systems so and battery storage systems, working together with RES, and their power curtailment. Keywords: power system, balance reliability, mathematical model, battery energy storage system, load curve, power curtailment","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127036454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.058
M. Kaplin, T. Bilan, I.Yu. Novytskyi
The possibilities of construction of models of production type investigated according to L.V. Kantorovich using the expanded nomenclature of product energy balance, as well as indicators of energy balances of the IEA for Ukraine, which allowed to determine mutually agreed and balanced volumes for production and supply of the energy sources using the minimum amount of open-source information regulated by the current legislation of a country. Creating the structure of the aforementioned models in accordance with the structure of the system of indicators mentioned balances makes the possibility for assessing the set of input and output indicators of these reporting statistical documents for completeness and consistency, particularly with the aim to identify incorrectly taken into counted, unaccounted, lost or stolen amounts of fuel and energy resources. With this in mind, the following work focuses on formulating the basic requirements for energy supply models for purposes of their application, developing a methodological approach to building a structure, and technological coefficients calculation (input and output) of the economic-mathematical model of production type by the nomenclature of supply directions, transformation and final consumption regulated by the product energy balance of Ukraine, and also on the application of this approach to the development of a number of energy supply models of different aggregation levels, designed to solve problems of forecasting the structure and amounts supply of energy sources, and the research of their appropriate variants, analyze the quality of statistic energetic balances, and detection the volumes of unaccounted energy resource consumption. Keywords: energy supply, product energy balance, production type model
{"title":"Modeling of country energy supply by structure of product energy balance data in the format of the international energy agency","authors":"M. Kaplin, T. Bilan, I.Yu. Novytskyi","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.058","url":null,"abstract":"The possibilities of construction of models of production type investigated according to L.V. Kantorovich using the expanded nomenclature of product energy balance, as well as indicators of energy balances of the IEA for Ukraine, which allowed to determine mutually agreed and balanced volumes for production and supply of the energy sources using the minimum amount of open-source information regulated by the current legislation of a country. Creating the structure of the aforementioned models in accordance with the structure of the system of indicators mentioned balances makes the possibility for assessing the set of input and output indicators of these reporting statistical documents for completeness and consistency, particularly with the aim to identify incorrectly taken into counted, unaccounted, lost or stolen amounts of fuel and energy resources. With this in mind, the following work focuses on formulating the basic requirements for energy supply models for purposes of their application, developing a methodological approach to building a structure, and technological coefficients calculation (input and output) of the economic-mathematical model of production type by the nomenclature of supply directions, transformation and final consumption regulated by the product energy balance of Ukraine, and also on the application of this approach to the development of a number of energy supply models of different aggregation levels, designed to solve problems of forecasting the structure and amounts supply of energy sources, and the research of their appropriate variants, analyze the quality of statistic energetic balances, and detection the volumes of unaccounted energy resource consumption. Keywords: energy supply, product energy balance, production type model","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125323736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.070
V. Makarov, M. Perov
The article substantiates the forecast of economically feasible volumes of production of finished coal products in Ukraine, as well as its supply by the import to ensure the energy balance of the country while ensuring energy security of the state. To determine the potential of coal production in Ukraine, a mathematical model of optimization of the structure of extractive capacities of the coal industry was used. Taking into account the potential of coal production by state mines of Ukraine, scenarios for the development of the coal industry for the period up to 2040 have been developed, which taken into account the factors of occupation of part of the territory of Donbas and optimal strategies for industry modernization. Using the model of optimal supply of electricity to coal products, taking into account environmental constraints, the forecast calculations of providing the optimal structure of fuel of thermal power companies of Ukraine according to the basic and pessimistic scenarios of the coal industry. As a base of calculations is accepted the forecast of electricity production was developed by NEC Ukrenergo. Calculations have confirmed the possibility of satisfying the needs of thermal power plants with coal products of domestic production until 2040 at the current level of development of the coal industry. Taking into account the forecast of coal consumption in the country's economy and the potential for its production, forecast balances of coal products were developed according to the basic and pessimistic scenarios of Ukraine's coal industry development for a period until 2040. These balances take into account the volume of production of finished coal products in Ukraine, as well as its supply by imports, and it has been defined the export potential of the country. Keywords: coal industry, structure, scenarios, forecast, balance, coal products
{"title":"Scenarios for the development of the coal industry with projected changes in the structure of the use of coal products in the country economy","authors":"V. Makarov, M. Perov","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.070","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the forecast of economically feasible volumes of production of finished coal products in Ukraine, as well as its supply by the import to ensure the energy balance of the country while ensuring energy security of the state. To determine the potential of coal production in Ukraine, a mathematical model of optimization of the structure of extractive capacities of the coal industry was used. Taking into account the potential of coal production by state mines of Ukraine, scenarios for the development of the coal industry for the period up to 2040 have been developed, which taken into account the factors of occupation of part of the territory of Donbas and optimal strategies for industry modernization. Using the model of optimal supply of electricity to coal products, taking into account environmental constraints, the forecast calculations of providing the optimal structure of fuel of thermal power companies of Ukraine according to the basic and pessimistic scenarios of the coal industry. As a base of calculations is accepted the forecast of electricity production was developed by NEC Ukrenergo. Calculations have confirmed the possibility of satisfying the needs of thermal power plants with coal products of domestic production until 2040 at the current level of development of the coal industry. Taking into account the forecast of coal consumption in the country's economy and the potential for its production, forecast balances of coal products were developed according to the basic and pessimistic scenarios of Ukraine's coal industry development for a period until 2040. These balances take into account the volume of production of finished coal products in Ukraine, as well as its supply by imports, and it has been defined the export potential of the country. Keywords: coal industry, structure, scenarios, forecast, balance, coal products","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127213569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.15407/pge2022.01-02.105
Oleg Krasylnikov, V. Beregun, Tetiana Polobiuk
Acoustic noise signals that are generated by fluid leakage due to a leak in the pipeline have in general case non-Gaussian distribution, so for the further development of acoustic contact leak detection together with correlation-spectral methods it is advisable to use methods used for probabilistic analysis of non-Gaussian processes, in particular cumulant methods of noise diagnostics. The principle of cumulant method of liquid leakage detection in pipelines during operation is considered, which is based on the use of cumulants to distinguish acoustic noise signals registered at the control points of the pipeline section, namely on use of the distance between the cumulant vectors of signals and the mutual correlation function of signals. The block diagram of the cumulant system for liquid leakage detection is given. In order to use the cumulant leakage detection system for power plant diagnosis, a layout of the acoustic leak detection system has been developed, which is a hardware-software complex that performs the collection, registration and statistical processing of acoustic noise signals, as a result of which a decision is made on the presence or absence of leakage, the parameters of the hardware part of the system were given. To obtain estimates of the statistical characteristics of real leakage signals, an installation was used that allows to perform physical modeling of fluid leakage in a pipeline in standing water under sustainable conditions, with fixed leak dimensions and pressure level control. Acoustic noise generated by the flow of fluid moving in the heat pipeline is used as interference. Using the statistical characteristics of real signals, the characteristics of the cumulant leakage detection system were determined – leakage signal attenuation; the maximum distance between the transducers at which the leakage is detected; detector sensitivity; the influence of bandpass filtering on these characteristics is investigated. Keywords: acoustic contact leak detection, liquid leakage detector, acoustic noise signals, cumulant analysis
{"title":"Analysis of the characteristics of а cumulant system for liquid leakage detection in pipelines","authors":"Oleg Krasylnikov, V. Beregun, Tetiana Polobiuk","doi":"10.15407/pge2022.01-02.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.105","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic noise signals that are generated by fluid leakage due to a leak in the pipeline have in general case non-Gaussian distribution, so for the further development of acoustic contact leak detection together with correlation-spectral methods it is advisable to use methods used for probabilistic analysis of non-Gaussian processes, in particular cumulant methods of noise diagnostics. The principle of cumulant method of liquid leakage detection in pipelines during operation is considered, which is based on the use of cumulants to distinguish acoustic noise signals registered at the control points of the pipeline section, namely on use of the distance between the cumulant vectors of signals and the mutual correlation function of signals. The block diagram of the cumulant system for liquid leakage detection is given. In order to use the cumulant leakage detection system for power plant diagnosis, a layout of the acoustic leak detection system has been developed, which is a hardware-software complex that performs the collection, registration and statistical processing of acoustic noise signals, as a result of which a decision is made on the presence or absence of leakage, the parameters of the hardware part of the system were given. To obtain estimates of the statistical characteristics of real leakage signals, an installation was used that allows to perform physical modeling of fluid leakage in a pipeline in standing water under sustainable conditions, with fixed leak dimensions and pressure level control. Acoustic noise generated by the flow of fluid moving in the heat pipeline is used as interference. Using the statistical characteristics of real signals, the characteristics of the cumulant leakage detection system were determined – leakage signal attenuation; the maximum distance between the transducers at which the leakage is detected; detector sensitivity; the influence of bandpass filtering on these characteristics is investigated. Keywords: acoustic contact leak detection, liquid leakage detector, acoustic noise signals, cumulant analysis","PeriodicalId":315988,"journal":{"name":"The Problems of General Energy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116904389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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