Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-23-00004
Jeffery Steevens, James Kunz, Ning Wang, Chris Barnhart, Serena Ciparis
ABSTRACT The extent to which effects seen in chronic toxicity studies in the laboratory affect mussel fitness later in life is poorly known. We examined juvenile Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) survival and growth for 56 d following exposure to Zn in a laboratory bioassay. We conducted a 28-d chronic toxicity bioassay with 6-wk-old juvenile mussels exposed to a control and two Zn treatments (120 and 240 µg/L). We then transferred surviving mussels into a grow-out pond and monitored their survival and growth for 56 d. Survival and shell length were lower in both Zn treatments than in the control after the 28-d toxicity bioassay. After the 56-d grow-out period, survival did not differ among treatments, but shell length was lower in the 240-µg/L treatment than in the control and mass was lower in both Zn treatments than in the control. Mussel length was lower throughout the experiment in both Zn treatments than in the control, but there was weak support for a difference in the slopes, suggesting that Zn-exposed mussels may fall farther behind in size over time. Persistence of reduced size following Zn exposure could result in delayed sexual maturation and lowered fecundity, which could have long-term population-level effects.
{"title":"Survival and Growth of Juvenile Mussels in an Outdoor Pond after 28-Day Laboratory Exposure to Aqueous Zinc","authors":"Jeffery Steevens, James Kunz, Ning Wang, Chris Barnhart, Serena Ciparis","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-23-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-23-00004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extent to which effects seen in chronic toxicity studies in the laboratory affect mussel fitness later in life is poorly known. We examined juvenile Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) survival and growth for 56 d following exposure to Zn in a laboratory bioassay. We conducted a 28-d chronic toxicity bioassay with 6-wk-old juvenile mussels exposed to a control and two Zn treatments (120 and 240 µg/L). We then transferred surviving mussels into a grow-out pond and monitored their survival and growth for 56 d. Survival and shell length were lower in both Zn treatments than in the control after the 28-d toxicity bioassay. After the 56-d grow-out period, survival did not differ among treatments, but shell length was lower in the 240-µg/L treatment than in the control and mass was lower in both Zn treatments than in the control. Mussel length was lower throughout the experiment in both Zn treatments than in the control, but there was weak support for a difference in the slopes, suggesting that Zn-exposed mussels may fall farther behind in size over time. Persistence of reduced size following Zn exposure could result in delayed sexual maturation and lowered fecundity, which could have long-term population-level effects.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"228 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00014
Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez, Liu Xiongjun, Wu Xiaoping, Caryn C. Vaughn, Isabel Pardo
ABSTRACT Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake, has high ecological and economic value. The area is a global hotspot of freshwater mussel diversity, and it supports an important dredge fishery for snails, which results in substantial mussel bycatch. The mussel fauna changed dramatically in the last two decades, and many large species disappeared from the lake. We hypothesize that snail dredging may be a factor threatening mussel populations in the area. We describe the snail fishery and its associated mussel bycatch in Qinglan Lake, a satellite of Poyang Lake. We evaluate the potential impact of unselective harvest on the mussel fauna, and we estimate the value of mussels as a commodity for local fishers. Fishers harvested an average of 859 mussels per trip, with 17 mussel species present in the bycatch. We estimated that annual mortality from bycatch represented about 5% of the total mussel standing stock in the lake. The market price for mussels was low compared to target snails. This low value provides a potential conservation opportunity of providing financial incentives to fishers for returning mussels to the lake.
{"title":"Freshwater Mussels in the Bycatch of a Snail Fishery in the Poyang Lake Region, China: A Potential Conservation Opportunity","authors":"Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez, Liu Xiongjun, Wu Xiaoping, Caryn C. Vaughn, Isabel Pardo","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake, has high ecological and economic value. The area is a global hotspot of freshwater mussel diversity, and it supports an important dredge fishery for snails, which results in substantial mussel bycatch. The mussel fauna changed dramatically in the last two decades, and many large species disappeared from the lake. We hypothesize that snail dredging may be a factor threatening mussel populations in the area. We describe the snail fishery and its associated mussel bycatch in Qinglan Lake, a satellite of Poyang Lake. We evaluate the potential impact of unselective harvest on the mussel fauna, and we estimate the value of mussels as a commodity for local fishers. Fishers harvested an average of 859 mussels per trip, with 17 mussel species present in the bycatch. We estimated that annual mortality from bycatch represented about 5% of the total mussel standing stock in the lake. The market price for mussels was low compared to target snails. This low value provides a potential conservation opportunity of providing financial incentives to fishers for returning mussels to the lake.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"575 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00009
Kentaro Inoue, Jillian M. Snow, Kristine M. Schoenecker, Jessi DeMartini
ABSTRACT Captive propagation followed by release to natural habitats has become a common conservation practice to restore and augment mussel populations, but the genetic effects of these efforts remain poorly studied. We examined genetic variation and genetic structure in 2- to 3-yr-old subadults of Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea that each was propagated from a single broodstock female and subsequently used to augment existing wild populations. We compared genetic variation and structure of the propagated individuals to that of the wild population, including the broodstock females. Using microsatellite markers, we found that propagated subadults retained levels of heterozygosity comparable to the wild population and showed no sign of genetic bottlenecks. This is likely due to high levels of multiple paternity in both species, with the single broodstock females of L. cardium and L. siliquoidea mating with an estimated 13 and 25 sires, respectively. However, propagated subadults had significantly fewer alleles and lower allelic richness and altered allele frequencies compared with wild adults, and genetic structure of propagated individuals was distinct from the wild population. Our results show that propagation from even a single broodstock female can result in offspring that retain most population-level genetic variation. However, the reduced allelic richness and altered genetic structure we observed in propagated individuals underscore the need for future studies to investigate the ecological and evolutionary impacts of propagated individuals on wild populations.
{"title":"Mussels Propagated from a Single Broodstock Female Retain Most Population-Level Genetic Variation but Have Altered Genetic Structure","authors":"Kentaro Inoue, Jillian M. Snow, Kristine M. Schoenecker, Jessi DeMartini","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Captive propagation followed by release to natural habitats has become a common conservation practice to restore and augment mussel populations, but the genetic effects of these efforts remain poorly studied. We examined genetic variation and genetic structure in 2- to 3-yr-old subadults of Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea that each was propagated from a single broodstock female and subsequently used to augment existing wild populations. We compared genetic variation and structure of the propagated individuals to that of the wild population, including the broodstock females. Using microsatellite markers, we found that propagated subadults retained levels of heterozygosity comparable to the wild population and showed no sign of genetic bottlenecks. This is likely due to high levels of multiple paternity in both species, with the single broodstock females of L. cardium and L. siliquoidea mating with an estimated 13 and 25 sires, respectively. However, propagated subadults had significantly fewer alleles and lower allelic richness and altered allele frequencies compared with wild adults, and genetic structure of propagated individuals was distinct from the wild population. Our results show that propagation from even a single broodstock female can result in offspring that retain most population-level genetic variation. However, the reduced allelic richness and altered genetic structure we observed in propagated individuals underscore the need for future studies to investigate the ecological and evolutionary impacts of propagated individuals on wild populations.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"37 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00013
Isabel Porto-Hannes, Lauren M. Sassoubre, Brandon J. Sansom, Todd J. Morris
ABSTRACT Conventional survey methods to find rare and endangered aquatic species can be time consuming, expensive, destructive to habitat, and limited by the physical conditions of a site. Sampling for environmental DNA (eDNA) shed by organisms into their environments can overcome these limitations, maximizing conservation resources. However, the optimal spatial sampling interval for eDNA detection is poorly known. We developed and assessed eDNA methods for application to Simpsonaias ambigua (Salamander Mussel), a unionid mussel that is considered at risk throughout most of its range. We developed a quantitative PCR assay and optimized methods to detect S. ambigua eDNA in water samples, and we experimentally determined eDNA shedding and decay rates. We used these rates to populate a previously published eDNA transport model to estimate the maximum downstream distance from the source (i.e., the location of live mussels) at which eDNA could be detected as a function of environmentally relevant source eDNA concentrations and water velocities. The model predicted that maximum detection distance varied greatly depending on source eDNA concentration and water velocity. At low eDNA concentration and water velocity (1.0 copy/mL and ,0.1 m/s, respectively), eDNA will be detected only at the source, requiring spatially intensive eDNA sampling. At higher eDNA concentration and water velocity (5.0 copies/mL and 0.8 m/s, respectively), eDNA can be detected at least 10 km downstream, requiring less intensive sampling. Based on our results, we provide recommendations for the development of optimal eDNA sampling design for detecting rare or endangered species.
{"title":"Applying Environmental DNA Methods to Inform Detection Of Simpsonaias ambigua under Varying Water Velocities in a River","authors":"Isabel Porto-Hannes, Lauren M. Sassoubre, Brandon J. Sansom, Todd J. Morris","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conventional survey methods to find rare and endangered aquatic species can be time consuming, expensive, destructive to habitat, and limited by the physical conditions of a site. Sampling for environmental DNA (eDNA) shed by organisms into their environments can overcome these limitations, maximizing conservation resources. However, the optimal spatial sampling interval for eDNA detection is poorly known. We developed and assessed eDNA methods for application to Simpsonaias ambigua (Salamander Mussel), a unionid mussel that is considered at risk throughout most of its range. We developed a quantitative PCR assay and optimized methods to detect S. ambigua eDNA in water samples, and we experimentally determined eDNA shedding and decay rates. We used these rates to populate a previously published eDNA transport model to estimate the maximum downstream distance from the source (i.e., the location of live mussels) at which eDNA could be detected as a function of environmentally relevant source eDNA concentrations and water velocities. The model predicted that maximum detection distance varied greatly depending on source eDNA concentration and water velocity. At low eDNA concentration and water velocity (1.0 copy/mL and ,0.1 m/s, respectively), eDNA will be detected only at the source, requiring spatially intensive eDNA sampling. At higher eDNA concentration and water velocity (5.0 copies/mL and 0.8 m/s, respectively), eDNA can be detected at least 10 km downstream, requiring less intensive sampling. Based on our results, we provide recommendations for the development of optimal eDNA sampling design for detecting rare or endangered species.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"113 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00012
S. McMurray, J. Faiman
ABSTRACT We conducted a mussel survey of the Jacks Fork, Missouri, an Outstanding National Resource Water, to document mussel diversity and distribution in the watershed, to determine if changes had occurred since a previous survey in 1982, and to relate observed changes to species traits. We surveyed mussels with timed tactile or visual searches at 28 sites during summer from 2017 to 2019 and compared our results with the 1982 survey. Catch per unit effort, number of live individuals, species richness, and diversity were significantly lower in 2017–19 than in 1982. The proportion of extirpation at the 11 resurveyed sites averaged 0.85 (range 0.50–1.00) among species, and the proportion of colonization was 0.0 for all species. There were no differences in the relative abundance of tribes, life-history strategies, or species of conservation concern between the two surveys, suggesting that the decline has occurred evenly across species, tribes, and life-history strategies. Ten species are possibly extirpated from the basin. Causes of the mussel decline in the Jacks Fork basin are unknown.
{"title":"Changes in the Mussel Fauna of the Jacks Fork, Missouri over 35 Years and Relationships with Species Traits","authors":"S. McMurray, J. Faiman","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00012","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We conducted a mussel survey of the Jacks Fork, Missouri, an Outstanding National Resource Water, to document mussel diversity and distribution in the watershed, to determine if changes had occurred since a previous survey in 1982, and to relate observed changes to species traits. We surveyed mussels with timed tactile or visual searches at 28 sites during summer from 2017 to 2019 and compared our results with the 1982 survey. Catch per unit effort, number of live individuals, species richness, and diversity were significantly lower in 2017–19 than in 1982. The proportion of extirpation at the 11 resurveyed sites averaged 0.85 (range 0.50–1.00) among species, and the proportion of colonization was 0.0 for all species. There were no differences in the relative abundance of tribes, life-history strategies, or species of conservation concern between the two surveys, suggesting that the decline has occurred evenly across species, tribes, and life-history strategies. Ten species are possibly extirpated from the basin. Causes of the mussel decline in the Jacks Fork basin are unknown.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127493256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00001
E. Leis, Sara Dziki, J. Richard, Rose E. Agbalog, D. Waller, Joel G. Putnam, S. Knowles, T. Goldberg
ABSTRACT Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussels in the Clinch River (Tennessee/Virginia, USA) have declined dramatically in recent years. The bacterium Yokenella regensburgei was first isolated with high prevalence from Pheasantshells during the peak of a 2017 mortality event, but it was not identified after mortality subsided a few months later. Since 2017, Pheasantshell mortality in the Clinch River has occurred each autumn. We extended the investigation of culturable bacterial communities in the Clinch River during mussel mortality events in 2018, 2019, and 2020 and examined the spatial and temporal distribution of bacterial genera among Pheasantshells, as well as among other unionid mussels. We identified Y. regensburgei each year, almost exclusively during active mortality events. The significance of Y. regensburgei remains unclear, but the continued association of this bacterium with mussel mortality events warrants further study.
摘要:美国田纳西州/维吉尼亚州克林奇河(Clinch River, Tennessee/Virginia)地区野山贝(Actinonaias pectorosa)的数量近年来急剧减少。在2017年死亡事件的高峰期，首次从野鸡壳中分离出了高流行率的细菌，但在几个月后死亡率下降后，没有发现这种细菌。自2017年以来,克林奇河Pheasantshell死亡率发生每年秋天。在2018年、2019年和2020年的贻贝死亡事件期间，我们扩展了克林奇河中可培养细菌群落的调查，并研究了鸡壳和其他联合贻贝中细菌属的时空分布。我们每年都会发现雷根斯伯格耶氏菌，几乎只在活跃死亡事件期间发现。regensburgi的重要性尚不清楚，但这种细菌与贻贝死亡事件的持续联系值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Further Bacteriological Analysis of Annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias Pectorosa) Mussel Mortality Events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, Reveals a Consistent Association with Yokenella Regensburgei","authors":"E. Leis, Sara Dziki, J. Richard, Rose E. Agbalog, D. Waller, Joel G. Putnam, S. Knowles, T. Goldberg","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussels in the Clinch River (Tennessee/Virginia, USA) have declined dramatically in recent years. The bacterium Yokenella regensburgei was first isolated with high prevalence from Pheasantshells during the peak of a 2017 mortality event, but it was not identified after mortality subsided a few months later. Since 2017, Pheasantshell mortality in the Clinch River has occurred each autumn. We extended the investigation of culturable bacterial communities in the Clinch River during mussel mortality events in 2018, 2019, and 2020 and examined the spatial and temporal distribution of bacterial genera among Pheasantshells, as well as among other unionid mussels. We identified Y. regensburgei each year, almost exclusively during active mortality events. The significance of Y. regensburgei remains unclear, but the continued association of this bacterium with mussel mortality events warrants further study.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124879451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00002
C. Atkinson, Garrett W. Hopper, D. Kreeger, Jonathan W. Lopez, A. Maine, B. Sansom, A. Schwalb, C. Vaughn
ABSTRACT Ecosystems provide essential services to people including food, water, climate regulation, and aesthetic experiences. Biodiversity can enhance and stabilize ecosystem function and the resulting services natural systems provide. Freshwater mollusks are a diverse group that provide a variety of ecosystem services through their feeding habits (e.g., filter feeding, grazing), top-down and bottom-up effects on food webs, provisioning of habitat, use as a food resource by people, and cultural importance. Research focused on quantifying the direct and indirect ways mollusks influence ecosystem services may help inform policy makers and the public about the value of mollusk communities to society. The Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society highlighted the need to evaluate mollusk ecosystem services in their 2016 National Strategy for the Conservation of Native Freshwater Mollusks, and, while significant progress has been made, considerable work remains across the research, management, and outreach communities. We briefly review the global status of native freshwater mollusks, assess the current state of knowledge regarding their ecosystem services, and highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps to guide further research and conservation actions. Our intention is to provide ecologists, conservationists, economists, and social scientists with information to improve science-based consideration of the social, ecological, and economic value of mollusk communities to healthy aquatic systems.
{"title":"Gains and Gaps in Knowledge Surrounding Freshwater Mollusk Ecosystem Services","authors":"C. Atkinson, Garrett W. Hopper, D. Kreeger, Jonathan W. Lopez, A. Maine, B. Sansom, A. Schwalb, C. Vaughn","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ecosystems provide essential services to people including food, water, climate regulation, and aesthetic experiences. Biodiversity can enhance and stabilize ecosystem function and the resulting services natural systems provide. Freshwater mollusks are a diverse group that provide a variety of ecosystem services through their feeding habits (e.g., filter feeding, grazing), top-down and bottom-up effects on food webs, provisioning of habitat, use as a food resource by people, and cultural importance. Research focused on quantifying the direct and indirect ways mollusks influence ecosystem services may help inform policy makers and the public about the value of mollusk communities to society. The Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society highlighted the need to evaluate mollusk ecosystem services in their 2016 National Strategy for the Conservation of Native Freshwater Mollusks, and, while significant progress has been made, considerable work remains across the research, management, and outreach communities. We briefly review the global status of native freshwater mollusks, assess the current state of knowledge regarding their ecosystem services, and highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps to guide further research and conservation actions. Our intention is to provide ecologists, conservationists, economists, and social scientists with information to improve science-based consideration of the social, ecological, and economic value of mollusk communities to healthy aquatic systems.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114245009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00005
Jordan H. Hartman, A. Rosenberger, Kayla N. Key, G. Lindner
ABSTRACT Habitat suitability models for freshwater mussels can inform conservation of these imperiled animals. Riverscape-scale hydrogeomorphic variables were previously used to predict suitable mussel habitat in the Meramec River basin, Missouri. We evaluated transferability of the Meramec River habitat suitability model to the Gasconade and Little Black rivers, in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion, Missouri. The best-fit models relied on transferring and adapting the original modeling framework to better represent the unique habitat characteristics of each river. Mussel bed occurrence in both rivers was associated with reaches that were classified as pools. Mussel beds in the Gasconade River were also associated with laterally stable reaches adjacent to small bluffs, distant from gravel bars, and with higher stream power indices. Mussel beds in the Little Black River were associated with reaches with higher surface water availability during low-flow conditions, lower stream power indices, and bluffs located downstream. Our results show that existing habitat models can be transferred to other streams with similar environmental conditions, but differences in watershed characteristics can affect transferability.
{"title":"Assessing Potential Habitat for Freshwater Mussels by Transferring a Habitat Suitability Model within the Ozark Ecoregion, Missouri","authors":"Jordan H. Hartman, A. Rosenberger, Kayla N. Key, G. Lindner","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Habitat suitability models for freshwater mussels can inform conservation of these imperiled animals. Riverscape-scale hydrogeomorphic variables were previously used to predict suitable mussel habitat in the Meramec River basin, Missouri. We evaluated transferability of the Meramec River habitat suitability model to the Gasconade and Little Black rivers, in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion, Missouri. The best-fit models relied on transferring and adapting the original modeling framework to better represent the unique habitat characteristics of each river. Mussel bed occurrence in both rivers was associated with reaches that were classified as pools. Mussel beds in the Gasconade River were also associated with laterally stable reaches adjacent to small bluffs, distant from gravel bars, and with higher stream power indices. Mussel beds in the Little Black River were associated with reaches with higher surface water availability during low-flow conditions, lower stream power indices, and bluffs located downstream. Our results show that existing habitat models can be transferred to other streams with similar environmental conditions, but differences in watershed characteristics can affect transferability.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130626220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00011
Ayla J. Skorupa, A. Roy, P. Hazelton, D. Perkins, Timothy Warren
ABSTRACT The Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) mussel is globally vulnerable and has disappeared from much of its historical range. Information on Brook Floater host fish use is needed for ecological and conservation purposes, but previous laboratory studies provide conflicting results. We evaluated host fish use by Brook Floater from populations in Massachusetts and Maine, USA. We conducted three experiments using a total of 10 fish species from six families, and we estimated glochidial attachment rate and juvenile metamorphosis rate. Across fish species, attachment ranged from 51.0% to 84.6% and metamorphosis ranged from 4.9% to 80.9%. Fish species and inoculation density (viable glochidia/mL) only weakly predicted attachment, and the number of glochidia that attached to fish did not affect metamorphosis rate. Juvenile metamorphosis was successful on all fish species tested, supporting evidence that Brook Floater is a host generalist. Fish species was an important factor in predicting metamorphosis rates in all experiments. The highest metamorphosis was on Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) (80.9% ± 2.6 SD) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) (71.6%), but metamorphosis on Brook Trout varied according to source and was lowest on hatchery-raised fish (12.8% ± 0.3 SD). These data contribute to our understanding of the life history of Brook Floater by identifying potential host fishes, and our results can inform propagation efforts for this species in the northeastern USA.
{"title":"Evaluation of Host Fishes for the Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) from Populations in Massachusetts and Maine, USA","authors":"Ayla J. Skorupa, A. Roy, P. Hazelton, D. Perkins, Timothy Warren","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-21-00011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) mussel is globally vulnerable and has disappeared from much of its historical range. Information on Brook Floater host fish use is needed for ecological and conservation purposes, but previous laboratory studies provide conflicting results. We evaluated host fish use by Brook Floater from populations in Massachusetts and Maine, USA. We conducted three experiments using a total of 10 fish species from six families, and we estimated glochidial attachment rate and juvenile metamorphosis rate. Across fish species, attachment ranged from 51.0% to 84.6% and metamorphosis ranged from 4.9% to 80.9%. Fish species and inoculation density (viable glochidia/mL) only weakly predicted attachment, and the number of glochidia that attached to fish did not affect metamorphosis rate. Juvenile metamorphosis was successful on all fish species tested, supporting evidence that Brook Floater is a host generalist. Fish species was an important factor in predicting metamorphosis rates in all experiments. The highest metamorphosis was on Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) (80.9% ± 2.6 SD) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) (71.6%), but metamorphosis on Brook Trout varied according to source and was lowest on hatchery-raised fish (12.8% ± 0.3 SD). These data contribute to our understanding of the life history of Brook Floater by identifying potential host fishes, and our results can inform propagation efforts for this species in the northeastern USA.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121995222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.31931/fmbc-d-20-00006
Kathryn E. Perez, Nina Noreika, Chad Norris, Marty Kelly, M. López, Christina Ortega, Salma Ruiz Sandoval, S. Gonzalez, W. Nowlin
ABSTRACT We studied population density, population size, and reproductive seasonality of the Phantom Tryonia, Tryonia cheatumi (Pilsbry, 1935). This endangered freshwater snail is found only in the San Solomon Spring system, a cienega, or karst-based, arid-land freshwater spring system, in western Texas, USA. We sampled populations at seven locations in the system seasonally over a 2-yr period. San Solomon Spring, the system's largest spring and modified into a swimming pool, had the largest population of T. cheatumi, with an estimated 49 million individuals and a mean density as high as 23,626 ± 39,030 (individuals/m2 ± SD). There were seasonal differences in mean density (up to 25-fold) and median snail size at all sites, but consistent seasonal patterns of mean density or size were not observed. Median snail size among samples was not related to water temperature, and juveniles were present in most samples in all seasons. These results support continuous, aseasonal reproduction, as expected in thermally stable habitats, but differences in median size and mean density among seasons and sites suggest that other factors affect reproduction and seasonal variation in population size of T. cheatumi.
{"title":"Population Density and Reproductive Seasonality of Tryonia cheatumi (Gastropoda: Cochliopidae), the Phantom Tryonia","authors":"Kathryn E. Perez, Nina Noreika, Chad Norris, Marty Kelly, M. López, Christina Ortega, Salma Ruiz Sandoval, S. Gonzalez, W. Nowlin","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-20-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-20-00006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We studied population density, population size, and reproductive seasonality of the Phantom Tryonia, Tryonia cheatumi (Pilsbry, 1935). This endangered freshwater snail is found only in the San Solomon Spring system, a cienega, or karst-based, arid-land freshwater spring system, in western Texas, USA. We sampled populations at seven locations in the system seasonally over a 2-yr period. San Solomon Spring, the system's largest spring and modified into a swimming pool, had the largest population of T. cheatumi, with an estimated 49 million individuals and a mean density as high as 23,626 ± 39,030 (individuals/m2 ± SD). There were seasonal differences in mean density (up to 25-fold) and median snail size at all sites, but consistent seasonal patterns of mean density or size were not observed. Median snail size among samples was not related to water temperature, and juveniles were present in most samples in all seasons. These results support continuous, aseasonal reproduction, as expected in thermally stable habitats, but differences in median size and mean density among seasons and sites suggest that other factors affect reproduction and seasonal variation in population size of T. cheatumi.","PeriodicalId":316530,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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