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Exploration of a Model of Robust Organizational Culture: Inputs from Functionalism and Deontology 健全组织文化模型的探索:来自功能主义和义务论的输入
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.963
B. Swain
Each organization craves an effective and sustainable lifespan. The state of effectiveness and sustainability of an organization is dependent on its own culture. Organizational culture is a set of shared meanings, assumptions, values, and norms (Schein, 1992: Hofstede, 2001; Luo, 2005; Erkutlu, 2011; Campbell and Göritz, 2014). Therefore, the culture can be construed as the substratum, which guides an organization in its decision making and helps an organization in determining the nature of its every course of action. Further, organizational culture not only influences the behavioural manifestations of the stakeholders (internal as well as external) but also invigorates the relationship between the stakeholders and the organization. Since the organizational culture is critical to the holistic growth of an organization, it is required to be robust. The robustness squarely depends mainly on two items: Structure and Principles. Organizational structure is made up of various stakeholders from the bottom to the top and a well-knitted relationship between them. The principles are the values and norms which bring all the stakeholders with diverse objectives and unite them under one roof with a well-knitted and meaningful relationship. The current study is an endeavour to develop models for the structure and principles with an objective to usher a robust organizational culture. The study finds that the sociological perspective Functionalism has the potential to contribute to the genesis of the structure. The functionalism states that each member of the society is unique in its own way and therefore, has a unique role to play into the Being of a society. In the similar fashion, the principles are to be conceived taking attributes of Deontology – a dominant ethical perspective, which postulates dutycentric actions.
每个组织都渴望有效和可持续的生命周期。组织的有效性和可持续性取决于其自身的文化。组织文化是一套共同的意义、假设、价值观和规范(Schein, 1992; Hofstede, 2001;罗,2005;Erkutlu, 2011;Campbell and Göritz, 2014)。因此,文化可以被解释为基础,它指导组织的决策制定,并帮助组织确定其每一个行动过程的性质。此外,组织文化不仅影响利益相关者(内部和外部)的行为表现,而且还激活了利益相关者与组织之间的关系。由于组织文化对组织的整体成长至关重要,因此它必须是健壮的。稳健性主要取决于两个方面:结构和原则。组织结构是由从下到上的各种利益相关者和他们之间编织良好的关系组成的。这些原则是价值观和规范,将所有具有不同目标的利益相关者团结在一个屋檐下,建立良好而有意义的关系。目前的研究是努力发展结构和原则的模型,目的是建立一个健全的组织文化。研究发现,功能主义的社会学视角有可能对这种结构的起源做出贡献。功能主义指出,社会的每个成员都有自己独特的方式,因此,在社会存在中扮演着独特的角色。以类似的方式,这些原则被认为具有义务论的属性——一种占主导地位的伦理观点,它假定以责任为中心的行为。
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引用次数: 0
An Introduction of the New Customer Loyalty Measurement in the Japanese Market 日本市场新顾客忠诚度测量方法的介绍
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.964
Tatsuya Kimura
Many companies are using the Net Promoter Score (NPS) proposed by Reichheld (2003) as a replacement for traditional customer satisfaction indices to measure the relationship between customer loyalty and company growth. It is because of its simplicity of structure and ease of use for management; however, there are many criticisms that this scoring concept does not consider the culture and consumer characteristics of the country where it is used. In general, surveys are often affected by response bias, where participant responses may be influenced by various factors unknown to the researchers, one of which is response style. This study aims to examine the adaptability of the NPS in the Japanese market from the perspective of measurement criteria to avoid the current bias, thereby proposing the new concept as an adjustment. Focusing on the response style of Japanese consumers, the author investigates a more appropriate adaptation of the NPS measurement scale based on empirical analysis of customer response data from multiple companies and proposes a new measurement framework in Japan, the Promoter Score Japan (PSJ).
许多公司正在使用Reichheld(2003)提出的净推荐值(NPS)来替代传统的客户满意度指标,以衡量客户忠诚度与公司成长之间的关系。因为它结构简单,便于管理;然而,有许多批评认为,这种评分概念没有考虑到使用它的国家的文化和消费者特征。一般来说,调查经常受到反应偏差的影响,其中参与者的反应可能受到研究人员未知的各种因素的影响,其中之一是反应风格。本研究旨在从衡量标准的角度考察NPS在日本市场的适应性,以避免当前的偏差,从而提出新的概念作为调整。作者以日本消费者的反应方式为研究对象,在对多家公司的顾客反应数据进行实证分析的基础上,探讨了NPS测量量表的适应性,并提出了一种新的日本测量框架——日本促销员得分(PSJ)。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Managerialism: Contributions of Humanistic and Critical Perspectives to Organizational Scholarship 超越管理主义:人本主义和批判观点对组织学术的贡献
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.967
S. Hornung
This conceptual contribution identifies and deconstructs ideological rifts in management and organizational scholarship. People-oriented humanistic and critical perspectives are distinguished from the explicitly or implicitly profit-and performance-oriented mainstream. Past, present, and future manifestations of ideological antagonisms are examined. Underlying organizational paradigms are conversely oriented towards social-emancipatory belief-systems and ideals versus economic-utilitarian logics and objectives. Emancipation aspires to overcome oppression and limiting conditions, pursued in projects of humanization, such as organizational democracy, human relations, work redesign, and personality development. Utilitarian approaches emphasize economic imperatives of profits and performance, inherent in projects of economic rationalization, such as scientific management, personnel selection, leadership, and high-performance work systems. Philosophical roots, historical developments, and properties of antagonistic paradigms are reviewed. Drawing on a current academic debate, their present configuration is analyzed along the dimensions of individualism, competition, and instrumentality. These building blocks of neoliberal ideology are contrasted with humanistic ideals of individuation, solidarity, and emancipation. Exemplary applications of resulting counter-models to contents and processes of organizational research are examined. The paradigm of critical management studies is discussed as an alternative frame of reference, aimed at challenging psychologically, socially, or ecologically destructive, dysfunctional, or limiting tendencies with regard to work-related interests, ideologies, institutions, and identities, based on principles of de-naturalization, reflexivity, and non-performativity. Propositions are developed, how dialectically integrating humanistic and critical perspectives can contribute to exposing and overcoming blind spots, theoretical paradoxes, defensive biases, and hidden agendas as ideological constraints of mainstream management and organizational scholarship.
这一概念性的贡献识别并解构了管理和组织学术中的意识形态分歧。以人为本的人文主义和批判的观点区别于显性或隐性的以利润和绩效为导向的主流观点。过去,现在和未来的表现形式的意识形态对抗进行了审查。相反,潜在的组织范式倾向于社会解放的信念系统和理想,而不是经济功利主义的逻辑和目标。解放的目标是克服压迫和限制条件,这是在组织民主、人际关系、工作重新设计和个性发展等人性化项目中追求的。功利主义方法强调利润和绩效的经济必要性,这是经济合理化项目所固有的,如科学管理、人员选择、领导和高性能的工作系统。哲学根源,历史发展,和性质的对抗范式进行了审查。借鉴当前的学术辩论,他们目前的配置沿着个人主义,竞争和工具性的维度进行分析。这些新自由主义意识形态的基石与个性化、团结和解放的人文主义理想形成鲜明对比。由此产生的反模型对组织研究的内容和过程的示范应用进行了检查。批判性管理研究的范式作为另一种参考框架进行讨论,旨在挑战与工作相关的兴趣、意识形态、制度和身份方面的心理、社会或生态破坏性、功能失调或限制倾向,基于反自然、反身性和非表演原则。命题的发展,如何辩证地整合人文主义和批判的观点可以有助于揭示和克服盲点,理论悖论,防御性偏见,以及隐藏的议程作为主流管理和组织学术的意识形态约束。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Phetchaburi Tourism Using the Royal Projects Trail Tourism Application as a Main Tool 以皇家项目步道旅游应用为主要工具促进碧武里旅游
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.968
Attama Boonpalit
Aware of the lack of tourism trial and marketing, this project aimed to develop a Phetchaburi Royal Projects Trail Application to accommodate convenience tourists’ information finding. It was hope that this application can be used as a main tool to promote Phetchaburi tourism. This project divided the study into 2 phases. Phase 1: A Royal Projects’ Trail application was developed based on primary and secondary data. It was designed to be easy to use and fit the mobile screen with simply functions. Phase 2: Using PAR (Participatory Action Research) techniques such as workshops to enhance tourism development stakeholders’ participation by providing opportunities for giving information and gaining knowledge about how to market tourism via mobile app. From the 3 workshops, there were a total of 113 cooperatives’ members from Cha-am District, Tayang District and Talard District attending the workshops. It can be concluded that to initiate networking among tourism stakeholders in Phetchaburi Province we should begin with the cooperatives organizations in the areas for public relation and coordination to their members because the majority of farmers in Phetchaburi are members of the local cooperatives. Members of the cooperative are voluntarily involved in activities recommended by the organization. In addition, every cooperative organizations in Phetchaburi working in coordination with others, therefore; starting the public relation of the mobile app to the three cooperative organizations is a good start to sustain the app by extending users to other cooperatives, sponsored the app and moving toward smart city and smart tourism destination.
意识到旅游试验和市场营销的不足,本项目旨在开发一个Phetchaburi皇家项目径应用程序,以方便游客查找信息。希望这款应用能成为推广碧武里旅游的主要工具。本项目将研究分为两个阶段。第一阶段:基于主要和次要数据开发了Royal Projects的Trail应用程序。它被设计为易于使用,并适合具有简单功能的手机屏幕。第二阶段:利用PAR(参与式行动研究)技术,如讲习班,通过提供机会,提供信息和获取如何通过移动应用程序营销旅游的知识,以提高旅游发展利益相关者的参与。在这三个讲习班中,来自差岩区、塔扬区和塔拉德区的113名合作社成员参加了讲习班。可以得出的结论是,要在Phetchaburi省的旅游利益相关者之间建立网络,我们应该从公共关系和协调其成员的合作社组织开始,因为Phetchaburi的大多数农民都是当地合作社的成员。合作社成员自愿参加组织推荐的活动。此外,每个在碧武里的合作组织都与其他合作组织协调工作,因此;在三个合作组织中启动移动应用程序的公共关系是一个良好的开端,可以通过将用户扩展到其他合作社,赞助应用程序并向智慧城市和智慧旅游目的地迈进来维持应用程序。
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引用次数: 0
Crisis Management or Crisis Preparedness? The Importance of Economic Diversification in Building Resilience to Economic Crises 危机管理还是危机准备?经济多样化在增强经济危机抵御能力中的重要性
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.962
Zizi Goschin
. Economic crises periodically disrupt the economic activity, severely putting to test the resilience capacity, and the ability to overcome hardships by adapting and changing. This happens everywhere, from micro (firm) level to macro (country/region) level alike. A large and continuously growing literature was dedicated to understanding the reasons behind the crises, their mechanism, effects and, most of all, the solutions. What if the answer lies not in solving the crisis after it started but in preventing, or at least preparing in advance for economic shocks by building resilience during good times, so that the impact of economic crises can be attenuated? Starting from these considerations, the paper focuses on regional economic specialization and its opposite – economic diversification, two business strategies already acknowledged in the literature as relevant factors for the capacity to mitigate economic crises. We tested the hypothesis of resilience-inducing economic diversification in the Romanian economy, using NUTS3 level data and found that more diversified regional economies were better at coping with the hardships triggered by the recent recession.
. 经济危机周期性地扰乱经济活动,严重考验了恢复能力,以及通过适应和改变克服困难的能力。从微观(公司)层面到宏观(国家/地区)层面,这种情况无处不在。大量且不断增长的文献致力于理解危机背后的原因、机制、影响,最重要的是,解决方案。如果答案不在于危机开始后解决,而在于预防,或者至少是提前为经济冲击做好准备,在经济繁荣时期建立韧性,从而减轻经济危机的影响,那会怎么样?从这些考虑出发,本文将重点放在区域经济专业化及其对立面-经济多样化上,这两种商业战略已经在文献中被认为是缓解经济危机能力的相关因素。我们使用NUTS3水平数据检验了罗马尼亚经济中弹性诱导经济多样化的假设,发现越多元化的区域经济体越能更好地应对最近经济衰退引发的困难。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Financial Performance of Tourism Companies Traded in BIST via a Hybrid MCDM Model 基于混合MCDM模型的北京科技大学旅游上市公司财务绩效评价
Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.33422/ijarme.v2i4.274
A. Aytekin
Tourism, the smokeless industry, has increasing importance in the development of countries because it creates added-value and employment. In Turkey, one of the World's most visited countries, the importance of this sector makes itself felt in economic crisis periods. On the other hand, in terms of investors, tourism companies always have the potential to be included in their portfolios. In this context, the aim of this study evaluates the financial performances of tourism companies publicly traded in BIST. For this purpose, the data of 2014-2018 were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Datastream database. The current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio, debt ratio, total debt/equity ratio, net margin, return on equity, interest coverage ratio, total asset turnover, inventory turnover, and receivable turnover were used as financial ratios. The CRITIC method, one of the objective weighting methods, was applied to determine the importance level of financial ratios. A hybrid model consisting of MAUT, PROMETHEE and TOPSIS was used for evaluation of the companies. These techniques are based on different perspectives and algorithms. In this model, Borda was applied for aggregation of each techniques' ranking values. Thus, the financial performance of the tourism companies for the years 2014-2018 was evaluated more effectively. In conclusion, the company with the best financial performance is Marmaris Altinyunus (MAALT) in this period.
旅游业这一无烟产业在各国发展中越来越重要,因为它创造了附加值和就业机会。土耳其是世界上游客最多的国家之一,在经济危机时期,这一部门的重要性不言而喻。另一方面,就投资者而言,旅游公司总是有潜力被纳入他们的投资组合。在此背景下,本研究的目的是评估在北京科技大学上市的旅游公司的财务绩效。为此,2014-2018年的数据来自Thomson Reuters Datastream数据库。财务比率采用流动比率、速动比率、现金比率、负债比率、总负债/权益比率、净利润率、净资产收益率、利息覆盖率、总资产周转率、存货周转率和应收账款周转率。采用客观加权法之一的CRITIC法确定财务比率的重要程度。采用MAUT、PROMETHEE和TOPSIS组成的混合模型对企业进行评价。这些技术基于不同的视角和算法。在该模型中,采用Borda对各技术的排序值进行汇总。因此,对2014-2018年旅游公司的财务绩效进行了更有效的评估。综上所述,这一时期财务表现最好的公司是Marmaris Altinyunus (MAALT)。
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引用次数: 4
Financial Market Communication and the Creation of Trust in a Commercial Banking Relationship between Mittelstand Companies and their Banks 金融市场沟通与中小企业与银行商业银行关系中信任的建立
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.969
Matthias Kretschmar
The article explains the importance of good financial market communication for a company in order to achieve its financial objectives. The focus is laid upon the communication of Mittelstand (medium-sized) companies. Due to size and ownership-structure Mittelstand companies are not capital-market oriented but rather focused on the relationship with their financing banks. Based upon a literature research the principal-agent theory shall be applied to this relationship. It will be shown theoretically that the best way to achieve the company’s objectives in a relationship with a bank is the reduction of the bank’s agency costs which arise due to uncertainty of the bank being the principal in this concept if the company does not use its superior knowledge which it gains during execution of the contract for its own purposes. The information asymmetries which are perceived by the bank incur costs as the bank has to supervise if the company acts as initially agreed upon. It will be shown that the major impact of financial market communication on the reduction of agency costs is achieved by the creation of trust. Therefore, the different theoretical approaches which explain the establishment of trust will be viewed in the light of the communication measures of company with its bank.
这篇文章解释了良好的金融市场沟通对公司实现其财务目标的重要性。重点放在中小型企业的沟通上。由于规模和所有权结构,中小型企业不以资本市场为导向,而是侧重于与融资银行的关系。在文献研究的基础上,委托代理理论适用于这种关系。从理论上讲,在与银行的关系中,实现公司目标的最佳方式是减少银行的代理成本,如果公司不利用其在执行合同期间获得的优势知识来实现自己的目的,则代理成本是由于银行作为该概念中的委托人的不确定性而产生的。银行认为信息不对称会产生成本,因为银行必须监督公司是否按照最初的约定行事。本文将表明,金融市场沟通对降低代理成本的主要影响是通过建立信任来实现的。因此,解释信任建立的不同理论方法将根据公司与银行的沟通措施来看待。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of Open Governance in Georgia: Challenges and Opportunities 格鲁吉亚开放治理的建立:挑战与机遇
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33422/icrmanagement.2019.10.965
Genadi Iashvili
The development of the public administration information sector in Georgia has made it necessary to develop greater public sector openness, whereas in the era of information telecommunication technologies the development of open governance is a strategic commitment to promoting the economic well-being of a society, the formation of a democratic environment and stability. It enhances the country's macro and micro economic environment, national competitiveness, facilitates the necessary democratic change with rational actions, promotes improvement of public administration processes and encourages broadening of public transparency, efficiency and effectiveness. It is noteworthy to say that the Georgian government has declared development of open governance as a precondition and priority for strategic development, building of a democratic, free, legal state, economic and social advancement and development of human resources. The process of open governance development has a significant impact on the functioning of the public administration system in Georgia. The analysis of the state legal normative and governance practices of modern Georgia allows us to conclude that the introduction of open governance technologies and values helps to reduce misunderstandings between the state an
格鲁吉亚公共行政信息部门的发展使得有必要发展更大的公共部门开放,而在信息电信技术时代,发展开放的管理是对促进社会经济福祉、形成民主环境和稳定的战略承诺。它加强了国家的宏观和微观经济环境、国家竞争力,以合理的行动促进必要的民主变革,促进改善公共行政程序,并鼓励扩大公共透明度、效率和效力。值得注意的是,格鲁吉亚政府已将发展开放治理作为战略发展、建设民主、自由、法治国家、经济社会进步和人力资源开发的先决条件和优先事项。开放治理发展的进程对格鲁吉亚公共行政系统的运作产生了重大影响。通过对现代格鲁吉亚州法律规范和治理实践的分析,我们可以得出结论,开放治理技术和价值观的引入有助于减少州与州之间的误解
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of The International Conference On Research In Management
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