Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are widely argued to be important actors in innovation systems. They are active both innovating themselves, and by providing their clients with important knowledge and learning opportunities. This study uses survey data to investigate the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and innovativeness improvement through the provision of KIBS. The empirical core of the paper is a set of Russian surveys of KIBS and their clients: KIBS are a fairly new phenomenon in Russia, so this provides an opportunity to contrast KIBS supplier-client relationships featuring more and less experienced customers. Many of the KIBS firms’ services are highly tailored to customer specificities, and we consider how far this is minor customisation and how far novel products (and thus potentially product innovations) are involved. These services typically involve KIBS consumers into a coproduction process, where both the formal supplier and the formal user of the service are engaged together in service production. Knowledge transfers through learning-by-doing in such cases affect customers' propensity to innovate and improve their absorptive capacity. The paper concludes that the generation of innovations through KIBS may well be a self-sustaining process. In this process, service providers are incentivised to engage in service innovations by more innovative customers’ demand for highly individualised services. In turn, the process stimulates the innovativeness of customers, as they engage in learning-by-doing through coproduction
{"title":"Knowledge Intensive Business Services as Generators of Innovations","authors":"M. Doroshenko, I. Miles, Dmitri Vinogradov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2282511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2282511","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are widely argued to be important actors in innovation systems. They are active both innovating themselves, and by providing their clients with important knowledge and learning opportunities. This study uses survey data to investigate the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and innovativeness improvement through the provision of KIBS. The empirical core of the paper is a set of Russian surveys of KIBS and their clients: KIBS are a fairly new phenomenon in Russia, so this provides an opportunity to contrast KIBS supplier-client relationships featuring more and less experienced customers. Many of the KIBS firms’ services are highly tailored to customer specificities, and we consider how far this is minor customisation and how far novel products (and thus potentially product innovations) are involved. These services typically involve KIBS consumers into a coproduction process, where both the formal supplier and the formal user of the service are engaged together in service production. Knowledge transfers through learning-by-doing in such cases affect customers' propensity to innovate and improve their absorptive capacity. The paper concludes that the generation of innovations through KIBS may well be a self-sustaining process. In this process, service providers are incentivised to engage in service innovations by more innovative customers’ demand for highly individualised services. In turn, the process stimulates the innovativeness of customers, as they engage in learning-by-doing through coproduction","PeriodicalId":318694,"journal":{"name":"POL: Innovation & Strategy (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115482019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The idea of mass customization is to turn customers’ heterogeneous needs into an opportunity to create value, challenging the “one size fits all” assumption of traditional mass production. In this paper, we explore the characteristics of successful mass customization implementation at the example of the footwear industry, using the method of a single case study of mi adidas, the mass customization initiative of one of the largest global sport brands. We will start with a brief overview of the mass customization concept and introduce a framework of three strategic capabilities that make mass customization work. We will then discuss the situation of the athletic footwear industry and different approaches to mass customization in this industry. The main part of this chapter will focus on the development of mi adidas, the central customization offering of Adidas. The paper ends with a reflection of the development of mass customization at Adidas.
{"title":"Mass Customization at Adidas: Three Strategic Capabilities to Implement Mass Customization","authors":"F. Piller, E. Lindgens, F. Steiner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1994981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1994981","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of mass customization is to turn customers’ heterogeneous needs into an opportunity to create value, challenging the “one size fits all” assumption of traditional mass production. In this paper, we explore the characteristics of successful mass customization implementation at the example of the footwear industry, using the method of a single case study of mi adidas, the mass customization initiative of one of the largest global sport brands. We will start with a brief overview of the mass customization concept and introduce a framework of three strategic capabilities that make mass customization work. We will then discuss the situation of the athletic footwear industry and different approaches to mass customization in this industry. The main part of this chapter will focus on the development of mi adidas, the central customization offering of Adidas. The paper ends with a reflection of the development of mass customization at Adidas.","PeriodicalId":318694,"journal":{"name":"POL: Innovation & Strategy (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114224729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00664.x
Anastasios G. Karamanos
Researchers agree that alliance networks can be an important instrument in a firm's innovation process, but there is limited empirical evidence on actually how they facilitate the creation of new knowledge for exploratory innovation. The research question is what alliance network configuration is optimal for exploratory innovation. The present study investigated the interaction between a firm's alliance portfolio structure (the micro‐level) and the industry alliance network structure (the macro‐level), and it empirically tested how their interaction may be affecting the exploratory innovation outcome of network participating firms in the biotechnology industry. The paper uses data from exploratory patents filed by 455 dedicated biotechnology firms in 1986–1999 and an overall network comprising 2,933 technological alliances over the same period. The results indicate that, in the case of biotechnology, firms with high exploratory innovation output have short path indirect access to many other firms (micro‐level), and operate in dense industry alliance networks centralized around a few key firms (macro‐level), and that these effects are curvilinear.
{"title":"Leveraging Micro‐ and Macro‐Structures of Embeddedness in Alliance Networks for Exploratory Innovation in Biotechnology","authors":"Anastasios G. Karamanos","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00664.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00664.x","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers agree that alliance networks can be an important instrument in a firm's innovation process, but there is limited empirical evidence on actually how they facilitate the creation of new knowledge for exploratory innovation. The research question is what alliance network configuration is optimal for exploratory innovation. The present study investigated the interaction between a firm's alliance portfolio structure (the micro‐level) and the industry alliance network structure (the macro‐level), and it empirically tested how their interaction may be affecting the exploratory innovation outcome of network participating firms in the biotechnology industry. The paper uses data from exploratory patents filed by 455 dedicated biotechnology firms in 1986–1999 and an overall network comprising 2,933 technological alliances over the same period. The results indicate that, in the case of biotechnology, firms with high exploratory innovation output have short path indirect access to many other firms (micro‐level), and operate in dense industry alliance networks centralized around a few key firms (macro‐level), and that these effects are curvilinear.","PeriodicalId":318694,"journal":{"name":"POL: Innovation & Strategy (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123930289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firms recently face considerable challenges caused by a rather pervasive trend of globalizing economic transactions. Confronted with this challenge, firms are forced to develop and sustain competitive advantages in particular by proactive moves of service innovations to secure their market survival. Against this background, we focus a particular kind of innovative service concepts: the total cost of ownership (TCO) approach in business-to-business settings. Due to complexity and newness of our research topic, we employ a primarily conceptual procedure to analyze how the market-driven necessity to offer complex and extensive, customized service solutions forces firms to develop unique service capabilities like TCO to enrich and ‘hybridize’ their product portfolio. Our paper advances to business research in three main ways: first we highlight, building on competence-based thinking and service-dominant logic (SDL), the challenge of firms to implement innovative blends of products and services – an aspect that is still rather understated in literature. Second, we analyze consequences of demand-side cognitive biases on complex buying-decisions. Third, we provide evidence that these demand-side biases are relevant to decision-making and therefore should be considered by suppliers in designing their offerings.
{"title":"Service Innovation: Obstacles to Implementing the Total Cost of Ownership Concept","authors":"Jörg Freiling, Sven M. Laudien, Kathrin Dressel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1962831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1962831","url":null,"abstract":"Firms recently face considerable challenges caused by a rather pervasive trend of globalizing economic transactions. Confronted with this challenge, firms are forced to develop and sustain competitive advantages in particular by proactive moves of service innovations to secure their market survival. Against this background, we focus a particular kind of innovative service concepts: the total cost of ownership (TCO) approach in business-to-business settings. Due to complexity and newness of our research topic, we employ a primarily conceptual procedure to analyze how the market-driven necessity to offer complex and extensive, customized service solutions forces firms to develop unique service capabilities like TCO to enrich and ‘hybridize’ their product portfolio. Our paper advances to business research in three main ways: first we highlight, building on competence-based thinking and service-dominant logic (SDL), the challenge of firms to implement innovative blends of products and services – an aspect that is still rather understated in literature. Second, we analyze consequences of demand-side cognitive biases on complex buying-decisions. Third, we provide evidence that these demand-side biases are relevant to decision-making and therefore should be considered by suppliers in designing their offerings.","PeriodicalId":318694,"journal":{"name":"POL: Innovation & Strategy (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115219229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reviews the relevance of formal financial services - and in particular savings - to poor people, the economic factors that have hindered the mass-scale delivery of such services in developing countries, and the technology-based opportunities that exist today to make massive gains in financial inclusion. We also highlight the benefits to government from universal financial access, as well as the key policy enablers that would need to be put in place to allow the necessary innovation and investments to take place.
{"title":"Savings for the Poor: Banking on Mobile Phones","authors":"Ignacio Mas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1663954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1663954","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews the relevance of formal financial services - and in particular savings - to poor people, the economic factors that have hindered the mass-scale delivery of such services in developing countries, and the technology-based opportunities that exist today to make massive gains in financial inclusion. We also highlight the benefits to government from universal financial access, as well as the key policy enablers that would need to be put in place to allow the necessary innovation and investments to take place.","PeriodicalId":318694,"journal":{"name":"POL: Innovation & Strategy (Topic)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124559398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In management theory of the last decades, much importance has been attached to a process-oriented perspective on organizational (re)structuring. Yet to date, organi-zations still experience difficulties in applying this process-oriented perspective to the design and maintenance information systems. The root of the problem lies with a procedural representation of business processes that contains inadequate information for computer systems to provide flexible automated business process support. The counter-part of a procedural representation is a declarative one that explicitly takes into account the business concerns that govern business processes. Recently, a number of process modeling languages have appeared that could be identified as declarative languages. These modeling languages have very distinct knowledge representation backgrounds, often lack a formal execution model and often only model one aspect of the many business concerns that exist in reality. What is needed are meaningful ways to combine several kinds of expressions, called business rule types, independently of the used methods for knowledge representation and reasoning. In this paper, we present the EM-BrA2CE (Enterprise Modeling using Business Rules, Agents, Activities, Concepts and Events) Framework, a unifying vocabulary and execution model for declarative process modeling. The vocabulary is described in terms of the Semantics for Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) standard and the execution model is presented as a Colored Petri Net (CP-Net). In addition, we show how declarative process models can contribute to the model-driven design of Service-Oriented Architectures.
{"title":"EM-BrA2CE v0.1: A Vocabulary and Execution Model for Declarative Business Process Modeling","authors":"Stijn Goedertier, Raf Haesen, J. Vanthienen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1086027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1086027","url":null,"abstract":"In management theory of the last decades, much importance has been attached to a process-oriented perspective on organizational (re)structuring. Yet to date, organi-zations still experience difficulties in applying this process-oriented perspective to the design and maintenance information systems. The root of the problem lies with a procedural representation of business processes that contains inadequate information for computer systems to provide flexible automated business process support. The counter-part of a procedural representation is a declarative one that explicitly takes into account the business concerns that govern business processes. Recently, a number of process modeling languages have appeared that could be identified as declarative languages. These modeling languages have very distinct knowledge representation backgrounds, often lack a formal execution model and often only model one aspect of the many business concerns that exist in reality. What is needed are meaningful ways to combine several kinds of expressions, called business rule types, independently of the used methods for knowledge representation and reasoning. In this paper, we present the EM-BrA2CE (Enterprise Modeling using Business Rules, Agents, Activities, Concepts and Events) Framework, a unifying vocabulary and execution model for declarative process modeling. The vocabulary is described in terms of the Semantics for Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) standard and the execution model is presented as a Colored Petri Net (CP-Net). In addition, we show how declarative process models can contribute to the model-driven design of Service-Oriented Architectures.","PeriodicalId":318694,"journal":{"name":"POL: Innovation & Strategy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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