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Experience of Centralization and Transformation of Procurement Activities in a Large Company 大型公司采购活动的集中与转型经验
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-142-160
R. А. Dolzhenko
The article describes the possibilities and experience of transforming the procurement system in the company through the revision of the implemented processes, their centralization, the use of a single procurement portal and headcount optimization. The purpose of the study is to develop and present methodological approaches to optimizing the procurement system in the company, which allow obtaining an economic result, facilitating manageability, and providing additional effects. The analysis of a case (case study) of optimization of procurement activities in a particular large company was used as the basic research method, a comparison was made of the parameters of the procurement system before and after transformation. The experience of a domestic company in this direction, which has undergone a process optimization procedure and received the necessary economic and managerial effects, has been considered. the reasons that required these changes, the difficulties faced by the company during the implementation of the changes, the advantages of centralization are identified. The assessment showed the need for significant investments, which, however, paid off in the next few years due to a reduction in the number, centralization of purchases, and standardization of contractual relations.
本文描述了通过修改已实施的流程、集中流程、使用单一采购门户和优化人员编制来实现公司采购系统转型的可能性和经验。本研究的目的是开发和提出优化公司采购系统的方法,从而获得经济效益,促进可管理性,并提供额外的效果。以某大型企业采购活动优化的案例分析为基础研究方法,对采购系统改造前后的参数进行了比较。考虑了国内某公司在这方面的经验,该公司经过了工艺优化程序,并取得了必要的经济和管理效果。确定了需要进行这些变更的原因,公司在实施变更过程中面临的困难,集中化的优势。评估结果显示需要大量投资,但由于数量减少、采购集中和合同关系标准化,这些投资在今后几年内得到了回报。
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引用次数: 0
Social Impact Assessment in Sport: Russian Context 体育社会影响评估:俄罗斯背景
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-70-84
I. V. Solntsev, R. M. Olkhovsky, E. A. Eremina
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current practice in the assessment of Russian social projects in the field of physical culture and sports. By such projects, the authors mean initiatives aimed at solving social problems (for example, in the field of health care, education or crime reduction) through sports. Approaches to the evaluation of social projects in general, and its features for sports, in particular, are still poorly represented in the academic literature. At the same time, the reduction in funding and the relevance of choosing a limited number of initiatives from plenty will make this topic even more in demand. As a research methodology, the authors used an analysis of existing grant competitions and review of methods used by charitable organizations. In particular, the provisions of 11 competitions aimed at supporting social initiatives in the field of sports, as well as annual reports of several charitable foundations, were considered. As a result, it was found that expert models and change theory are among the most popular. Besides authors present a comparative analysis of the assessment criteria used. Foreign assessment practice is more focused on monetary models, including SROI and cost-benefit, which are not yet sufficiently common in Russia. The conducted research can be of value for organizations that implement and support social projects in the field of sports, as well as for the public sector, primarily from the standpoint of developing their own assessment methodology and substantiating the criteria used.
本文对俄罗斯体育社会项目评估的现状进行了分析。提交人所说的此类项目是指旨在通过体育解决社会问题(例如,在保健、教育或减少犯罪领域)的倡议。一般社会项目的评价方法,特别是其对体育的特点,在学术文献中仍然缺乏代表性。与此同时,资金的减少和从大量项目中选择有限项目的相关性将使这一主题更加受欢迎。作为研究方法,作者对现有的资助竞争进行了分析,并对慈善组织使用的方法进行了回顾。会议特别审议了旨在支持体育领域的社会倡议的11项竞赛的规定,以及若干慈善基金会的年度报告。结果发现,专家模型和变革理论是最受欢迎的。此外,作者还对所采用的评估标准进行了比较分析。国外的评估实践更侧重于货币模型,包括SROI和成本效益,这在俄罗斯还不够普遍。所进行的研究可以对在体育领域实施和支持社会项目的组织以及公共部门有价值,主要是从制定自己的评估方法和证实所使用的标准的角度来看。
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引用次数: 0
The Cozzolino Criterion as a Tool of Oil and Gas Exploration Projects Evaluation Adjusted for Risk Aversion Cozzolino准则在油气勘探项目风险评价中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-52-69
S. Kovalev, I. Blam
Oil and gas exploration projects are typically characterized by a combination of high potential gains and extremely low chances of success, so their appraisal requires some risk aversion discounting. Amongst many risk aversion-adjusted methods of project valuation proposed by economists, the Cozzolino criterion appears to be the most appropriate. However, being applied to the problem of determining the optimum working interest in an exploration venture, this criterion yields an anomalous result such that the optimum working interest first increases and then decreases as the potential gain increases. This problem has inspired an intensive discussion in the oil and gas economics literature but, apart from attempts to overcome the problem by adding extraneous constraints that are somewhat palliative in nature, there has not been proposed a clear and acceptable procedure for overcoming all difficulties. In this article, it is shown that the paradoxical result can be explained if one steps outside the narrow limits of the working interest optimization task and view the issue as a part of a broader problem of building an investment portfolio. The authors propose a decomposition of the total impact of the project gain change on the optimum working interest into two components that resemble the substitution effect and the income effect. Both components have intuitively understandable economic sense and unambiguous sign. The resulting sign of the total impact depends upon the relative sizes of the two oppositely directed effects that can be calculated numerically, thus providing a better understanding of the issue.
油气勘探项目的典型特点是高潜在收益和极低成功机会的结合,因此它们的评估需要一些风险规避贴现。在经济学家提出的许多风险厌恶调整的项目评估方法中,Cozzolino标准似乎是最合适的。然而,当应用于确定勘探企业的最佳开采利益时,这一标准产生了一个反常的结果,即随着潜在收益的增加,最佳开采利益先增加后减少。这个问题在石油和天然气经济学文献中引起了激烈的讨论,但是,除了试图通过增加在某种程度上是治标不治本的外来限制来克服这个问题之外,还没有提出一个明确和可接受的程序来克服所有困难。在本文中,它表明,如果一个人走出工作利益优化任务的狭窄限制,并将该问题视为构建投资组合的更广泛问题的一部分,那么矛盾的结果可以得到解释。作者提出将项目收益变化对最优开采利益的总影响分解为类似于替代效应和收入效应的两个组成部分。这两个组件都具有直观易懂的经济意义和明确的标志。总影响的结果符号取决于两个相反方向的影响的相对大小,可以通过数值计算,从而更好地理解问题。
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引用次数: 0
Anchor high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies as the basis of technological sovereignty 锚定高技术和知识密集型企业作为技术主权的基础
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-85-107
S. Kh.
The focus of this paper is high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies that create the basis for the technological development of the economy. The purpose of the work is to identify key (anchor) companies that can have a significant impact on the development of the high-tech sector and serve as the basis for the country's technological sovereignty. The theoretical basis of the analysis is the adapted anchor tenant hypothesis, which came from the real estate economy. Anchor high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies order research; create new technological solutions, from which new companies subsequently arise; are involved in the training process; show a stable demand for materials, raw materials, components; and also provide their partners with the opportunity to integrate into global value chains. Analysis of high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies performance micro data (SPARK-Interfax database) showed that in 2016-2020 73% of companies belong to seven sectors (these are activities in the field of architecture and engineering design, etc., chemical and automotive industries, telecom, scientific activities, software development and mechanical engineering, etc.), which account for 64-67% of the total revenue of the Russian high-tech business. Based on an analysis of the level of concentration and stability of leadership in these key activities, 43 companies were selected to potentially be considered anchor high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies. Further, taking into account the weight of companies in their industries and comparing their dynamics with the industry, 12 leading anchor companies were identified, united in three groups - "stability", "forward movement" and "explosive growth". The position and prospects of the leading companies were considered in more detail. The analysis showed that in the Russian economy there are examples of successful high-tech and science-intensive companies that, if the emerging opportunities are realized, can act as an “anchor” of technological development.
本文的重点是高科技和知识密集型公司,它们为经济的技术发展奠定了基础。这项工作的目的是确定能够对高科技部门的发展产生重大影响并作为国家技术主权基础的关键(锚)公司。分析的理论基础是适应性锚房客假说,该假说来源于房地产经济。锚定高科技和知识密集型企业的订单研究;创造新的技术解决方案,由此产生新的公司;参与培训过程;对材料、原材料、零部件有稳定的需求;同时也为合作伙伴提供融入全球价值链的机会。对高科技和知识密集型公司业绩微观数据(SPARK-Interfax数据库)的分析显示,2016-2020年,73%的公司属于七个领域(这些领域是建筑和工程设计等领域的活动,化学和汽车工业,电信,科学活动,软件开发和机械工程等),占俄罗斯高科技业务总收入的64-67%。根据对这些关键活动的集中程度和领导稳定性的分析,43家公司被选为潜在的锚高科技和知识密集型公司。此外,考虑到公司在其行业中的权重,并将其与行业动态进行比较,确定了12家领先的锚公司,分为三组-“稳定”,“前进”和“爆炸式增长”。更详细地考虑了主要公司的地位和前景。分析表明,在俄罗斯经济中,有一些成功的高科技和科学密集型公司的例子,如果新出现的机会得以实现,它们可以成为技术发展的“锚”。
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引用次数: 0
Risks of the Smart City Concept 智慧城市概念的风险
Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-108-125
E. Kostina
The concept of smart city is one of the most popular directions of urban development nowadays. The use of modern information and communication technologies in the urban environment improves the comfort of life, the efficiency of urban space management, leads to sustainable development and rational consumption of resources. However, like other approaches, there are risks associated with the accelerated and large-scale introduction of modern technologies and the unpreparedness of society to accept them. Digitalization should not the aim, government should use an integrated approach. This work is devoted to the study of the risks of introducing the concept of a smart city. There are technological risks (absence or imperfection of domestic technological solutions in this area, cybersecurity threats: risks of system instability and data leaks), economic (low efficiency of implemented innovations, growing digital divide), managerial (technical and psychological unpreparedness of the authorities, loss of urban authenticity ), institutional (legislation behind the practice of applying modern technologies, the presence of a conflict of interest between public and private commercial interests), related to human capital (unpreparedness of the population to use technology, the risk of a technocratic approach to the implementation of the concept) and environmental risks. Although the literature has given more attention to the technological risks of a smart city, other risks (like economic, managerial, etc.) are also important. These risks are closely related and have a significant impact on the process of digital transformation of the urban environment, which may slow it down or reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to take them into account when planning the implementation and development of a smart city.
智慧城市的概念是当今城市发展的热门方向之一。现代信息通信技术在城市环境中的应用,提高了生活的舒适度,提高了城市空间管理的效率,实现了可持续发展和资源的合理消耗。但是,同其他办法一样,加速和大规模采用现代技术以及社会没有做好接受这些技术的准备是有风险的。数字化不应该是目标,政府应该采用综合的方法。这项工作致力于研究引入智慧城市概念的风险。存在技术风险(国内技术解决方案缺失或不完善)、网络安全威胁:系统不稳定和数据泄露的风险),经济(实施创新的效率低下,不断扩大的数字鸿沟),管理(当局在技术和心理上的准备不足,城市真实性的丧失),制度(应用现代技术实践背后的立法,公共和私人商业利益之间利益冲突的存在),与人力资本相关(人口对使用技术的准备不足)。以技术官僚的方式实施这一概念的风险)和环境风险。虽然文献更多地关注了智慧城市的技术风险,但其他风险(如经济、管理等)也很重要。这些风险密切相关,对城市环境数字化转型的进程产生重大影响,可能会减缓或降低其有效性。因此,在规划智慧城市的实施和发展时,有必要考虑到这些因素。
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引用次数: 0
Международные и отечественные тенденции регулирования ESG-факторов 环境、社会和治理因素监管的国际和国内趋势
Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-37-51
M. E. Lebedeva, I. A. Kruglova, D. A. Lisyanskiy
Основным аспектом исследования в данной статье является анализ нормативно-правового регулирования ESG-факторов на международном и национальном уровнях. Авторами предпринята попытка систематизации наиболее значимых институциональных ESG-инициатив, а также инициатив участников экономического сообщества, носящих рекомендательный характер в области саморегулирования рынка, которые явились базисом для эволюции подходов и становления новой парадигмы осуществления деятельности и принятия управленческих решений субъектами экономических отношений по вопросам в области окружающей среды, социального развития и корпоративного управления, в том числе в статье представлен обзор последних тенденций в данном контексте. В процессе анализа выявлены усиливающие тенденции в глобальном масштабе и в России по правовому регулированию учета ESG-факторов в деятельности корпораций и кредитных организаций как посредников по распределению и размещению капиталов и в направлении регулирования количества и качества раскрываемой финансовой и нефинансовой отчетности в целях соблюдения требований по учету ESG-факторов в деятельности корпораций, оценки процесса трансформации субъектов экономической деятельности в направлении ESG и анализа возможных неблагоприятных последствий и рисков, связанных с процессом преобразования.
本文研究的一个主要方面是分析国际和国家一级ESG因素的规章制度。作者企图系统化最重要的制度性ESG举措以及经济共同体倡议参与者,爪哇岛的自我调节市场领域推荐性质的演变和形成新范式综合执行活动的基础和管理决策主体的经济关系问题发展环境、社会和公司治理,这篇文章介绍了这方面最新的趋势。分析显示趋势在全球范围内强化进程在俄罗斯法律监管ESG因素纳入活动分销公司和信贷组织调解配置资本的数量和质量监管方面透露金融和非金融统计报表总体遵守公司ESG因素活动评估经济活动受试者向ESG转变的过程,并分析可能出现的不利后果和与转换过程相关的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Factors of price dynamics in the commodity markets of Siberia 西伯利亚商品市场的价格动态因素
Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-5-36
M. Butakova, L. Markov, I. Savchenko
The identification and comparative analysis of the main factors determining the dynamics of prices in the commodity markets of Siberia has been carried out. At the first stage, the product groups of Rosstat were regrouped into commodity markets in order to more fully use the data of Rosstat and the Bank of Russia Enterprise Monitoring in the component-by-component modeling of the consumer price index of the Siberia macroregion. At the second stage, for each commodity market in Siberia and each period of price dynamics (the entire series, acceleration and deceleration of price growth), using the LARS method, factors of price dynamics were selected and then, in order to arrange the selected factors according to the degree of influence on commodity prices, linear regression models were trained. It is shown that, despite the close characteristics of the initial factor spaces, the models of non-food markets included a smaller number of features. This fact, together with the lower quality of non-food models, suggests that the generated space of factors, reflecting predominantly regional specifics, is less suitable for explaining the price dynamics of non-food products, which are more tradable in nature. Using the mean reciprocal rank metric, the most significant factors in a variety of commodity markets were identified. The comparison of factors showed that in both types of markets, during periods of accelerating price growth, the influence of the RUONIA interbank lending rate and the price index for investment products is more significant, and during periods of slowdown, the influence of the index of the real exchange rate of the ruble against the dollar, producer price indices by sectors and the amount of debt on loans to individuals. It was found that in the food markets of Siberia, the main factor of inflation is producer prices in commodity markets, while the non-food markets are most affected by the RUONIA interbank lending rate. In addition, non-food markets are more influenced by world prices, which also reflects the greater integration of non-food producers into the international division of labor and, conversely, the greater localization of food value chains.
确定和比较分析了决定西伯利亚商品市场价格动态的主要因素。在第一阶段,为了更充分地利用俄罗斯国家统计局和俄罗斯银行企业监测的数据对西伯利亚宏观地区消费者价格指数进行逐成分建模,将俄罗斯国家统计局的产品组重新分组到商品市场中。第二阶段,针对西伯利亚各商品市场和各价格动态时期(价格增长的整个序列、加速和减速),采用LARS方法选择价格动态因素,然后根据对商品价格的影响程度训练线性回归模型,对所选因素进行排序。结果表明,尽管初始因子空间具有相近的特征,但非食品市场模型包含的特征数量较少。这一事实,加上非食品模型质量较低,表明主要反映区域特征的因素生成空间不太适合解释非食品产品的价格动态,因为非食品产品在本质上更具可交易性。使用平均倒数秩度量,在各种商品市场中最重要的因素被确定。各因素的比较表明,在两种类型的市场中,在价格加速增长期间,RUONIA银行间贷款利率和投资产品价格指数的影响更为显著,而在价格放缓期间,卢布对美元实际汇率指数、各行业生产者价格指数和个人贷款债务数额的影响更为显著。研究发现,在西伯利亚食品市场,通货膨胀的主要因素是商品市场的生产者价格,而非食品市场受RUONIA银行间拆借利率的影响最大。此外,非粮食市场受世界价格的影响更大,这也反映了非粮食生产者在更大程度上融入了国际劳动分工,反过来也反映了粮食价值链在更大程度上本土化。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of regions of the Central federal district on the basis of innovative development parameters using cluster analysis 基于创新发展参数的中央联邦区区域分类
Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.25205/2542-0429-2023-23-2-126-141
O. S. Vakulenko, S. A. Grachev
In the context of the emergence of interdisciplinary tasks, it becomes necessary to make atypical decisions. Therefore, the innovation process comes to the fore, which, due to its high flexibility and adaptability, allows minimizing negative consequences. The article explores the significance of the innovation process and, on the basis of a hierarchical cluster analysis, establishes cause-and-effect relationships for classifying the regions of the Central Federal District as primary clusters. The proposed approach can subsequently become a useful tool in the development and formation of a set of measures aimed at regulating the socio-economic situation of the federal districts and their regions.
在跨学科任务出现的背景下,有必要做出非典型决策。因此,创新过程脱颖而出,由于其高度的灵活性和适应性,可以最大限度地减少负面后果。本文探讨了创新过程的意义,并在层次聚类分析的基础上,建立了将中央联邦区划分为主要集群的因果关系。拟议的办法随后可成为制定和形成一套旨在调节联邦区及其区域的社会经济状况的措施的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Mir Ekonomiki i Upravlenia
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