Editörlüğü Erhan Akkaş tarafından yapılan İslami Finansın Politik Ekonomisi: Körfez Ülkeleri Uygulaması başlıklı derleme kitap, 11 farklı bölümden oluşmakta olup her bölüm alanında uzman akademisyenler tarafından yazılmıştır. Teori ve uygulama olarak iki kısımda planlanan kitabın ilk kısmında 4, ikinci kısmında ise 7 bölüm yer almaktadır. Teori kısmında, İslami finans kurumlarının ortaya çıkışı, kalkınma ile ilişkileri, sosyal refaha katkıları ve kurumsal iktisatla alakası; uygulama kısmında ise KİK üyesi olan Bahreyn, BAE, Katar, Kuveyt, Suudi Arabistan ve Umman’ın politik ekonomisi bağlamında İslami finans gelişimleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
{"title":"İslami Finansın Politik Ekonomisi: Körfez Ülkeleri Uygulaması","authors":"M. Durmuş","doi":"10.55237/jie.1232234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1232234","url":null,"abstract":"Editörlüğü Erhan Akkaş tarafından yapılan İslami Finansın Politik Ekonomisi: Körfez Ülkeleri Uygulaması başlıklı derleme kitap, 11 farklı bölümden oluşmakta olup her bölüm alanında uzman akademisyenler tarafından yazılmıştır. Teori ve uygulama olarak iki kısımda planlanan kitabın ilk kısmında 4, ikinci kısmında ise 7 bölüm yer almaktadır. Teori kısmında, İslami finans kurumlarının ortaya çıkışı, kalkınma ile ilişkileri, sosyal refaha katkıları ve kurumsal iktisatla alakası; uygulama kısmında ise KİK üyesi olan Bahreyn, BAE, Katar, Kuveyt, Suudi Arabistan ve Umman’ın politik ekonomisi bağlamında İslami finans gelişimleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78668364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
الاجار ة المنتهية بالتمليك هو منتج تستخدمه مؤسسات التمويل التشاركي كما تستخدم مؤسسات التمويل التقليدي، يعتبر تحديد تطبيق هذا المنتج ضمن الفقه الإسلامي أمرًا مهمًا للموافقة ممارسات التمويل التشاركي مع الفقه الإسلامي. لذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة تقديم وتدقيق كتاب "الإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك في الفقه الإسلامي"، والذي يتناول جميع صور الاجارة المنتهية بالتمليك،كما تهدف المساهمة في دراسات التمويل التشاركي. تتناول الدراسة في البداية فحص كل فصل من الكتاب، بعد ذلك تقدم الدراسة بعض الملاحظات عن الكتاب كله واصول كتابة المؤلف.
{"title":"غسان محمد الشيخ، الإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك في الفقه الإسلامي (دمشق: دار القلم)، الطبعة الأولى / ١٤٣١ ه – ٢٠١٠ م.","authors":"Şuheda Nur Si̇nan","doi":"10.55237/jie.1227061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1227061","url":null,"abstract":"الاجار ة المنتهية بالتمليك هو منتج تستخدمه مؤسسات التمويل التشاركي كما تستخدم مؤسسات التمويل التقليدي، يعتبر تحديد تطبيق هذا المنتج ضمن الفقه الإسلامي أمرًا مهمًا للموافقة ممارسات التمويل التشاركي مع الفقه الإسلامي. لذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة تقديم وتدقيق كتاب \"الإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك في الفقه الإسلامي\"، والذي يتناول جميع صور الاجارة المنتهية بالتمليك،كما تهدف المساهمة في دراسات التمويل التشاركي. تتناول الدراسة في البداية فحص كل فصل من الكتاب، بعد ذلك تقدم الدراسة بعض الملاحظات عن الكتاب كله واصول كتابة المؤلف.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87829784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crowdfunding is deemed a new trend that plays a vital role in reshaping the future of financial transactions and services, and many use it to collect funds from individuals. When crowdfunding is used in accordance with Shari’ah principles, it is called Islamic crowdfunding. This paper aims to develop a Muzara’ah-based crowdfunding model which can contribute to developing agricultural activity in Mali. The paper relies on library research, relevant literature, articles and books to archive the study’s goals. The paper found out that this model can contribute to providing farmers with the necessary funds. many farmers can access funds, and hence the financing problem will reduce.
{"title":"Muzara’ah-based Crowdfunding for Financing Small Farmers in Mali","authors":"Mohamed Sylla","doi":"10.55237/jie.1129489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1129489","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdfunding is deemed a new trend that plays a vital role in reshaping the future of financial transactions and services, and many use it to collect funds from individuals. When crowdfunding is used in accordance with Shari’ah principles, it is called Islamic crowdfunding. This paper aims to develop a Muzara’ah-based crowdfunding model which can contribute to developing agricultural activity in Mali. The paper relies on library research, relevant literature, articles and books to archive the study’s goals. The paper found out that this model can contribute to providing farmers with the necessary funds. many farmers can access funds, and hence the financing problem will reduce.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88637273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Günümüzde borsada yapılan işlemler, hukuki bir zemine dayanmaktadır. Ancak bu işlemlerin uygulanışı, birçok fıkhi konuyu ve problemi beraberinde getirmektedir. Borsada uygulanan işlemlerden biri olan açığa satış işleminde de aynı durum mevzu bahistir. Nitekim açığa satış işlemi birçok fıkhi konuyu bünyesinde içermektedir. Serdar Özalp, Borsada Açığa Satış İslam Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme adlı kitabında bu noktadan hareketle borsada açığa satış işleminin teknik ayrıntılarını açıklamakta ve fıkhi bir değerlendirme ortaya koymaktadır. Kitaptaki yol haritasını ve izlenen yöntemi bölümler özelinde açıklayan detaylı bir giriş bölümü barındıran eserin özsözünde yazar, kitaptaki hedefini şöyle belirtmiştir: “Çalışmanın amacı borsada yapılan açığa satış işleminin teknik uygulanışını ortaya koymak ve fıkhi değerlendirmesini yapmaktır.” Kitap, giriş ve üç bölümden müteşekkildir. Giriş kısmında: araştırmanın konusu, amaç ve önemi ele alınmış, ardından araştırmanın kaynakları ile geniş bir literatür değerlendirmesine yer verilmiştir.
{"title":"Serdar Özalp. Borsada Açığa Satış İslam Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. İstanbul: İktisat Yayınları, 2020, 174 sayfa.","authors":"Zahide Ataseven","doi":"10.55237/jie.1217717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1217717","url":null,"abstract":"Günümüzde borsada yapılan işlemler, hukuki bir zemine dayanmaktadır. Ancak bu işlemlerin uygulanışı, birçok fıkhi konuyu ve problemi beraberinde getirmektedir. Borsada uygulanan işlemlerden biri olan açığa satış işleminde de aynı durum mevzu bahistir. Nitekim açığa satış işlemi birçok fıkhi konuyu bünyesinde içermektedir. Serdar Özalp, Borsada Açığa Satış İslam Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme adlı kitabında bu noktadan hareketle borsada açığa satış işleminin teknik ayrıntılarını açıklamakta ve fıkhi bir değerlendirme ortaya koymaktadır. Kitaptaki yol haritasını ve izlenen yöntemi bölümler özelinde açıklayan detaylı bir giriş bölümü barındıran eserin özsözünde yazar, kitaptaki hedefini şöyle belirtmiştir: “Çalışmanın amacı borsada yapılan açığa satış işleminin teknik uygulanışını ortaya koymak ve fıkhi değerlendirmesini yapmaktır.” Kitap, giriş ve üç bölümden müteşekkildir. Giriş kısmında: araştırmanın konusu, amaç ve önemi ele alınmış, ardından araştırmanın kaynakları ile geniş bir literatür değerlendirmesine yer verilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86447284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article tries to show the importance of the ethics of the Islamic financial industry in the financial markets, in order to see how it can contribute in making the practices of Western Classical financial markets more ethical. The Islamic financial industry has diversified to reach several segments of modern finance. It offers a series of financial reforms and techniques at the heart of the classical economic system. Through its principles on which its institutional system is based, which take into account the ethical and social aspect in the business world, this industry has the ability to cope with the phenomena of crises and fluctuations, preventing monopolies, fraud and deception, and promoting rational behavior against speculation. This reality makes financial markets a factor of stability, a development tool and a means of accumulating savings and financing projects… Indeed, if the so-called ethical Islamic financial industry certainly makes it possible to introduce an important ethical dimension into the moralization of the financial markets, it is not definitely free from faults and limits.
{"title":"The Islamic financial industry: what is its role in the moralization of financial markets?","authors":"Fawzi Innal, Adnan Owei̇da","doi":"10.55237/jie.1135839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1135839","url":null,"abstract":"This article tries to show the importance of the ethics of the Islamic financial industry in the financial markets, in order to see how it can contribute in making the practices of Western Classical financial markets more ethical. \u0000The Islamic financial industry has diversified to reach several segments of modern finance. It offers a series of financial reforms and techniques at the heart of the classical economic system. \u0000Through its principles on which its institutional system is based, which take into account the ethical and social aspect in the business world, this industry has the ability to cope with the phenomena of crises and fluctuations, preventing monopolies, fraud and deception, and promoting rational behavior against speculation. This reality makes financial markets a factor of stability, a development tool and a means of accumulating savings and financing projects… \u0000 \u0000Indeed, if the so-called ethical Islamic financial industry certainly makes it possible to introduce an important ethical dimension into the moralization of the financial markets, it is not definitely free from faults and limits.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"53 86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73388583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to propose a normative Islamic economic system by first presenting the most critical elements that should be available in building the Islamic economic system, then the elements by which the latter controls the economic activity, and finally, checking the provisions and controls that govern those elements and the relationships between them using the normative economic approach. The study begins by looking for some value judgments that contribute to building a general conception of the best form of the Islamic economic system and how to control the economic activity when applying it. The answer comes from a group of Islamic economic experts across some countries of the Islamic world. The research highlights the importance of providing an appropriate alternative to the conventional economic systems through a normative Islamic economic system, which will be a complete alternative (applicable) to those conventional systems. The researcher believes that this alternative is able, on the one hand, to achieve sustainable development by ensuring justice (equal opportunities principle), equality by integrating economically marginalized groups (economic inclusion principle), and well-being for all members of society (through wealth creation). On the other hand, it can eliminate many negative economic phenomena such as unemployment, inflation, and corruption.
{"title":"The Islamic Economic System from a Normative Point of View Design based on Questionnaire Tool","authors":"Amine Aouissi","doi":"10.55237/jie.1094966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1094966","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to propose a normative Islamic economic system by first presenting the most critical elements that should be available in building the Islamic economic system, then the elements by which the latter controls the economic activity, and finally, checking the provisions and controls that govern those elements and the relationships between them using the normative economic approach. The study begins by looking for some value judgments that contribute to building a general conception of the best form of the Islamic economic system and how to control the economic activity when applying it. The answer comes from a group of Islamic economic experts across some countries of the Islamic world. The research highlights the importance of providing an appropriate alternative to the conventional economic systems through a normative Islamic economic system, which will be a complete alternative (applicable) to those conventional systems. The researcher believes that this alternative is able, on the one hand, to achieve sustainable development by ensuring justice (equal opportunities principle), equality by integrating economically marginalized groups (economic inclusion principle), and well-being for all members of society (through wealth creation). On the other hand, it can eliminate many negative economic phenomena such as unemployment, inflation, and corruption.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88629825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate how Covid-19 has affected the microfinance institutions in Somalia. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach by conducting a case study in Mogadishu and Hargeisa. The data of the study was collected through a questionnaire distributed to microfinance institutions in Somalia in 2021. The paper found that the number of MFIs that have been negatively affected by the epidemic was higher than the number affected positively or naturally. It also found that most MFIs witnessed high credit risks, and more than half of them have reduced lending to less than half due to the Covid-19.
{"title":"The Impact of Covid-19 on Microfinance Institutions in Somalia","authors":"Safıyo ABDIFITAH SHIRE, Tawfik Azrak","doi":"10.55237/jie.1146244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1146244","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate how Covid-19 has affected the microfinance institutions in Somalia. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach by conducting a case study in Mogadishu and Hargeisa. The data of the study was collected through a questionnaire distributed to microfinance institutions in Somalia in 2021. The paper found that the number of MFIs that have been negatively affected by the epidemic was higher than the number affected positively or naturally. It also found that most MFIs witnessed high credit risks, and more than half of them have reduced lending to less than half due to the Covid-19.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80229663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several Shariah texts suggest that combining contracts in one transaction is not permitted, such as having multiple sales in one transaction, combining a sale and a loan contract, or combining any two financial contracts in one transaction. However, it is no secret that our contemporary financial transactions may involve multiple inter-dependent and inter-related contracts. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the Shariah objectives behind such prohibition to help interpret those texts and assess when it is acceptable or unacceptable from Shariah perspective to combine contracts in a single transaction. The paper comes to address this important issue, which has been somewhat obscure in the Fiqh literature, and which has not received due attention in the contemporary Fiqh writings.
{"title":"Maqasid Analysis of the Shariah Rules Pertaining to Combining Contracts","authors":"Abdulazeem Abozaid","doi":"10.55237/jie.1114287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1114287","url":null,"abstract":"Several Shariah texts suggest that combining contracts in one transaction is not permitted, such as having multiple sales in one transaction, combining a sale and a loan contract, or combining any two financial contracts in one transaction. However, it is no secret that our contemporary financial transactions may involve multiple inter-dependent and inter-related contracts. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the Shariah objectives behind such prohibition to help interpret those texts and assess when it is acceptable or unacceptable from Shariah perspective to combine contracts in a single transaction. The paper comes to address this important issue, which has been somewhat obscure in the Fiqh literature, and which has not received due attention in the contemporary Fiqh writings.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81074130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to analyze Ibn Khaldun's economic theory. Ibn Khaldun, though recognized as a father of sociologist, gets little attention to his contribution in the economic field. His economic thought laid the very foundation for modern economics. He first, scientifically examined economic activities. Moreover, his systematic thinking has given the instinct to formulate the demand and supply rules and value of labor theory. He focused on the state's role in the economy and its consequences when the state intervened in economic activities. He also dealt with taxation policy, emphasizing justice as a benchmark to flourish the economy.
{"title":"Ibn Khaldun's Economic Thought Revisited","authors":"A. Al mamun, Bahadir Si̇nanoğlu, M. S. Uddin","doi":"10.55237/jie.1061492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1061492","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyze Ibn Khaldun's economic theory. Ibn Khaldun, though recognized as a father of sociologist, gets little attention to his contribution in the economic field. His economic thought laid the very foundation for modern economics. He first, scientifically examined economic activities. Moreover, his systematic thinking has given the instinct to formulate the demand and supply rules and value of labor theory. He focused on the state's role in the economy and its consequences when the state intervened in economic activities. He also dealt with taxation policy, emphasizing justice as a benchmark to flourish the economy.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78052364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to analyze the increasing search for economic modernization in the contemporary Muslim societies and the related contributions in this field. In response to the generation of wealth in the West in the aftermath of Industrial Revolution that gained global scale for capitalism, the search for economic authenticity, which started in the latest stages of Ottoman period, especially in the period of Tanzimat, and still continues in recent times, has a critical importance in guaranteeing political and economic freedom for the contemporary Muslim societies. The discourse of ‘national economy’ in the post-Tanzimat period and Islamic economics discourse in the post-colonialist era, in this respect, correspond to a common search in different decades of the last century in terms of seeking an alternative against capitalism. This study argues that both discourses cannot be thought independent from the development of capitalist stages, especially industrial capitalism and finance capitalism. The national economy discourse developed mainly by Ahmet Midhat and Islamic finance which emerged in the period where financial markets gained a global scale, presented a soft-captialist solution to the existing problems beyond constituting an alternative to capitalism. Due to this, it is inevitable to develop an Islamic economics theory based on an authentic approach that benefits from the experience of national economy rather than adopting approach eclectic to capitalism.
{"title":"From the Idea of National Economy to Islamic Economics: In Search of Authenticity for Economic Modernization","authors":"İsa Yılmaz, İsmail Ünal","doi":"10.55237/jie.1100423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55237/jie.1100423","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyze the increasing search for economic modernization in the contemporary Muslim societies and the related contributions in this field. In response to the generation of wealth in the West in the aftermath of Industrial Revolution that gained global scale for capitalism, the search for economic authenticity, which started in the latest stages of Ottoman period, especially in the period of Tanzimat, and still continues in recent times, has a critical importance in guaranteeing political and economic freedom for the contemporary Muslim societies. The discourse of ‘national economy’ in the post-Tanzimat period and Islamic economics discourse in the post-colonialist era, in this respect, correspond to a common search in different decades of the last century in terms of seeking an alternative against capitalism. This study argues that both discourses cannot be thought independent from the development of capitalist stages, especially industrial capitalism and finance capitalism. The national economy discourse developed mainly by Ahmet Midhat and Islamic finance which emerged in the period where financial markets gained a global scale, presented a soft-captialist solution to the existing problems beyond constituting an alternative to capitalism. Due to this, it is inevitable to develop an Islamic economics theory based on an authentic approach that benefits from the experience of national economy rather than adopting approach eclectic to capitalism.","PeriodicalId":32052,"journal":{"name":"alUqud Journal of Islamic Economics","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85165744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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