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Civic Education and Pupils’ Civic Dispositions in Ghana and Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis 加纳和尼日利亚公民教育与学生公民倾向的比较分析
Pub Date : 2019-03-15 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v9i1.28790
S. P. Odusanya, A. Oni
The ultimate desire of any sensitive government is to build responsible citizens who will participate meaningfully in the developmental efforts within and outside society. The current social-political upheavals in Ghana and Nigeria underscored the need for national value orientation and reorientation for effective nation-building. The study adopted a descriptive survey to assess gender differences in pupils’ civic disposition in Ghana and Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 920 Basic 8 pupils from four educational circuits in Central Region, Ghana and four Local Government Education Authorities in Lagos and Ogun State in South-West, Nigeria. The research tool was tagged: Basic Education Pupils’ Questionnaire (BEPQ). The data were analysed using simple percentages, mean scores and independent t-tests at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there is no significant gender difference in the contribution of basic education to pupils’ civic disposition.  The main conclusion drawn from this study is that the difference in the level of civic awareness of basic school pupils is due to the quality of basic education and that civic disposition increases the likelihood of a person engaging in civic activities. Government at all levels should encourage publication of relevant textbooks and research findings on basic school pupils especially in value-laden subjects like civic education.
任何敏感的政府的最终愿望都是培养负责任的公民,他们将有意义地参与社会内外的发展努力。加纳和尼日利亚目前的社会政治动荡强调需要国家价值取向和重新定位,以便有效地进行国家建设。该研究采用描述性调查来评估加纳和尼日利亚学生公民倾向的性别差异。采用多阶段抽样程序,从加纳中部地区的四个教育巡回区和尼日利亚西南部拉各斯和奥贡州的四个地方政府教育当局中选出920名基础八年级学生。研究工具的标签是:基础教育学生问卷(BEPQ)。数据分析采用简单百分比、均分和独立t检验,显著性水平为0.05。结果显示,基础教育对小学生公民倾向的贡献在性别上无显著差异。本研究得出的主要结论是,基础学校学生公民意识水平的差异是由于基础教育的质量,公民倾向增加了一个人参与公民活动的可能性。各级政府应鼓励出版有关小学学生的教科书和研究成果,特别是在公民教育等价值观浓厚的科目上。
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引用次数: 1
“Neoprivatisation” in Public Schools in Nepal 尼泊尔公立学校的“新私有化”
Pub Date : 2019-03-15 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v9i1.28824
Shurendra Ghimire, K. Koirala
This article introduces the term “neoprivatisation” in the literature of economics of education.  It exposes the consequence of privatisation in education to public school by taking a community as a case and studying in a mixed-method paradigm.  The study uncovers that public schools suffer from lesser preference by parents, and underuse or misuse of public expenditure, so that, like private schools, have added the facilities of English medium, extra-class, preparing students for test by charging fees, as well as advertising to attract more students. As a result, the narrow focus to achievement score rather than developing qualities in students as expected by curriculum has threatened the presumption of ‘quality education’; and the commodification and commercialisation of education along with diminishing professional accountability of teacher victimise students with the undue burden of irrational extra-classes and fees.  Therefore, the added facilities rouse for discriminating students in access to education and larceny of ‘right to free education’.  These undesirable phenomena are the consequences of privatisation in education, which has been thus conceptualized as “neoprivatisation”.
本文介绍了教育经济学文献中的“新私有化”一词。本文以一个社区为例,采用混合方法的研究范式,向公立学校揭示了教育私有化的后果。该研究发现,公立学校受到家长不太喜欢,公共支出使用不足或滥用的影响,因此像私立学校一样,增加了英语教学、课外辅导、收费备考设施,以及广告来吸引更多的学生。因此,狭隘地关注成绩,而不是课程所期望的培养学生的素质,已经威胁到“素质教育”的假设;教育的商品化和商业化,以及教师职业责任的削弱,使学生承受了不合理的课外课程和费用带来的不应有的负担。因此,增加的设施引发了学生在接受教育方面的歧视和“免费教育权”的盗窃。这些不良现象是教育私有化的后果,因此被概念化为“新私有化”。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Influence of Students’ Demographic Variables on Their Access to Financial Aids in Public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria 尼日利亚河流州公立大学学生人口统计变量对其获得经济援助的感知影响
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v8i2.27378
E. Eseyin
The paper investigated the perceived influence of students’ demographic variables on their access to financial aids in public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Six questions were formulated to guide the study and five hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design adopted for the study was an analytical survey. The population of the study included 78, 216 students (34,997 male and 43,219 female) in the three public Universities in Rivers State. The sample of the study covered 791 students (Male= 395 and Female= 396) selected through the random sampling technique while Taro Yamane method of sample size determination was used for determining the sample size. The instruments used for collecting responses from students were questionnaire and a ten items interview schedule. The research questions were answered using frequency, percentage and cumulative percentage. Findings of the study revealed that students’ demographic variables have an influence on their access to financial aids in public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The implication of this is that the government’s expenditure on education will continue to increase in the absence of these alternative financial aids in the public Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria.
本文调查了尼日利亚河流州公立大学学生人口统计变量对其获得经济援助的感知影响。制定了6个问题来指导研究,并在0.05显著性水平上检验了5个假设。本研究采用的设计是分析性调查。研究对象包括河流州三所公立大学的78,216名学生(34,997名男性和43,219名女性)。本研究的样本为791名学生,其中男395名,女396名,采用随机抽样的方法,采用Yamane太郎样本量确定法确定样本量。收集学生反馈的工具是问卷和十项访谈表。研究问题用频率、百分比和累积百分比来回答。研究结果显示,尼日利亚河流州公立大学学生的人口统计变量对他们获得经济援助有影响。这意味着,在尼日利亚河流州的公立大学缺乏这些替代性财政援助的情况下,政府的教育支出将继续增加。
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引用次数: 0
Researching Education as a Social Process 教育作为一个社会过程的研究
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v8i2.27376
S. Gautam
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 1
Deploying Creative Thinking to Strengthen Entrepreneurial Capability Among University Students in Nigeria 运用创新思维增强尼日利亚大学生创业能力
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v8i2.27381
A. Aboluwodi
Most of the students studying entrepreneurship in Nigerian universities lack entrepreneurial capability- that is, they lack the freedom to pursue and achieve entrepreneurial opportunity. Freedom is seen here in terms of those conditions that must be in place for students to be able to carry out their entrepreneurship studies. These are conditions that support the well-being of the students and may be seen as having good shelter, being well nourished, being healthy, being able to do their normal studies among others. The paper examined why the presence of these conditions is likely to assist students to improve their creative thinking and strengthen their entrepreneurial capability. It explored Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, focusing on freedom, opportunities, and functionings to explain the required favourable conditions that make learning worthwhile for students, and how it accounts for students’ ability to strengthen their entrepreneurial capability. The paper argued for the deployment of creative thinking to strengthen entrepreneurial capability among students of entrepreneurship in universities in Nigeria. It concluded by urging universities in Nigeria to adopt relevant curriculum in addition to providing students with a decent learning environment to enable them to develop creative thinking that could be used in entrepreneurship education.
尼日利亚大学学习创业的学生大多缺乏创业能力,即缺乏追求和实现创业机会的自由。这里的自由是指学生们必须具备的条件,以便他们能够进行创业学习。这些条件支持学生的福祉,可以被视为有良好的住所,营养良好,身体健康,能够进行正常的学习等。本文考察了为什么这些条件的存在可能有助于学生提高他们的创造性思维和加强他们的创业能力。它探讨了Amartya Sen的能力方法,侧重于自由,机会和功能,以解释使学生有价值的学习所需的有利条件,以及它如何解释学生加强创业能力的能力。本文主张运用创造性思维来加强尼日利亚大学创业专业学生的创业能力。最后,它敦促尼日利亚的大学除了为学生提供体面的学习环境外,还采用相关课程,使他们能够培养可用于创业教育的创造性思维。
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引用次数: 4
Contribution of Financial Literacy on Behaviour: A Nepali Perspective 金融知识对行为的贡献:尼泊尔视角
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v8i2.27380
R. Chaulagain
Financial literacy and behaviour are emerging personal financial agendas both in education and finance. However, financial literacy has behavioural implication and effect on the financial well-being of individuals. Therefore, assessing financial behaviour by measuring financial literacy of individuals is important research attention. In this paper, the contribution of financial literacy on the financial behaviour of small borrowers is measured and analysed. The study follows a quantitative research methodology under the post-positivistic research paradigm. A simple scoring method is used to measure financial literacy and the logistic regression model is used to measure the probabilistic contribution of financial literacy on behaviour. By using a sample survey, the study collects 393 sets of responses from small borrowers selected randomly from four districts of Nepal. Theory of planned behaviour is used to interpret the finding. The theory of planned behaviour states that the literacy i.e. knowledge and skill in financial matters will develop an attitude, and if the attitude is positive, the persons will behave accordingly. The finding explores that improved level of financial literacy contributes financial behaviour of the small borrowers positively. The study concludes that for enhancing financial behaviour, contemporary and contextual financial literacy programs are necessary to educate the individuals. The study also connects financial well-beings with enhanced financial behaviour. Findings of this study are useful for policymakers, financial service users, academicians and financial service providers in Nepal.
在教育和金融领域,理财知识和行为正在成为个人理财议程的新内容。然而,金融知识对个人的财务健康具有行为含义和影响。因此,通过衡量个人的金融素养来评估金融行为是重要的研究热点。本文测量和分析了金融素养对小额借款人金融行为的贡献。本研究遵循后实证主义研究范式下的定量研究方法。本文采用简单的计分方法来衡量金融素养,并采用逻辑回归模型来衡量金融素养对行为的概率贡献。通过抽样调查,该研究从尼泊尔四个地区随机抽取的小额借款人中收集了393组回复。计划行为理论被用来解释这一发现。计划行为理论指出,素养,即金融知识和技能将发展一种态度,如果态度是积极的,人们将相应地采取行动。研究发现,金融知识水平的提高对小额借款人的金融行为有积极的影响。该研究的结论是,为了提高金融行为,当代和情境性的金融素养计划是必要的,以教育个人。该研究还将财务状况良好与增强的财务行为联系起来。本研究的结果对尼泊尔的政策制定者、金融服务使用者、学者和金融服务提供者有用。
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引用次数: 2
An Alternative to Traditional Assessment: The Debate Showcase 传统评估的替代方案:辩论展示
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v8i2.22888
Mona Shrestha, Christopher D Roffey
Recent debates indicate that there is a lack of focus on ontological transformation within university study due to an over-reliance on a tick-box approach to skill acquisition (Wilson et.al 2013, p. 1223). This paper discusses a recent initiative undertaken at a tertiary pathways institution focused on the utilisation of an alternative productive process to assess student learning. This alternative assessment approach was designed to better engage a specific student cohort that differs significantly from ‘conventional student bodies’ both socio-economically and educationally. It has been noted that many students within the cohort do not have the ‘assumed cultural capital’ (Delvin 2011) that facilitates success in a traditional tertiary environment. This paper focuses on how a debate assessment was modified using the concept of spiral curriculum (Bruner cited in Takaya 2008) to better align with the specific needs of the cohort and course outcomes. The concept was used as a scaffolding approach linked to real-life experience to help students make better sense of the key unit content. This paper argues that the showcase was generally successful, by shifting focus from a previously adversarial model to a reflective and ultimately transformative learning experience.
最近的争论表明,由于过度依赖勾选框方法来获得技能,大学学习中缺乏对本体论转换的关注(Wilson et.al 2013, p. 1223)。本文讨论了最近在高等教育机构开展的一项倡议,重点是利用另一种生产过程来评估学生的学习。这种替代性评估方法旨在更好地吸引特定的学生群体,他们在社会经济和教育方面都与“传统学生群体”有很大不同。值得注意的是,该队列中的许多学生没有“假定的文化资本”(Delvin 2011),这有助于在传统的高等教育环境中取得成功。本文的重点是如何使用螺旋课程的概念来修改辩论评估(Bruner引用Takaya 2008),以更好地与群体的具体需求和课程结果保持一致。这个概念被用作一个与现实生活经验相联系的脚手架方法,以帮助学生更好地理解关键单元的内容。本文认为,通过将焦点从先前的对抗性模型转移到反思和最终变革的学习经验,展示通常是成功的。
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引用次数: 2
Impact and Challenges of Centres for Education and Community Action in Cameroon’s North West Region 喀麦隆西北地区教育和社区行动中心的影响和挑战
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v8i2.27379
F. A. Amungwa
This paper examines the impact of community education and challenges facing Centres for Education and Community Action as a rural development strategy in Cameroon. The study was conducted in the North-West Region of Cameroon, employing field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants using a convenient sampling technique and through elaborate review of documents. These research instruments were blended into what is termed triangulation and the data collected was analysed descriptively. The main focus of qualitative analysis is to understand the ways in which people act and the accounts that people give for their actions. This paper posits that extreme dependence on the provision of Western formal education cannot solve the problems of a rapidly changing society like Cameroon, which is facing a long-term economic crisis and persistent unemployment issues of graduates. Consequently, education should be redefined in the context of the prevailing economic crisis to make it responsive to the aspirations of rural communities. Findings showed that community education had contributed towards rural development immensely but has suffered many challenges due to neglect of the field in the policy agenda. This paper recommends the integration of community education with formal education to facilitate group and community betterment in particular and rural transformation in general.
本文考察了社区教育的影响以及作为喀麦隆农村发展战略的教育和社区行动中心所面临的挑战。这项研究是在喀麦隆西北地区进行的,采用了实地观察、使用方便的抽样技术和通过详细审查文件与关键线人进行的半结构化访谈。这些研究工具被混合到所谓的三角测量中,收集的数据被描述性地分析。定性分析的主要重点是了解人们的行为方式以及人们对其行为的解释。这篇论文认为,对西方正规教育的极度依赖并不能解决喀麦隆这样一个快速变化的社会的问题,喀麦隆正面临着长期的经济危机和持续的毕业生失业问题。因此,应在当前经济危机的背景下重新定义教育,使其符合农村社区的愿望。调查结果表明,社区教育对农村发展作出了巨大贡献,但由于在政策议程中忽视了这一领域,因此面临许多挑战。本文建议将社区教育与正规教育相结合,以促进群体和社区的改善,以及总体上的农村转型。
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引用次数: 0
Reflection on Researching Teachers' Professional Integrity: Being in the Setting of Ethnography 民族志背景下教师职业操守研究的思考
Pub Date : 2018-12-30 DOI: 10.3126/jer.v6i2.22155
Rupa Munakarmi
This short article is a reflective product of my experiences and learning while engaging in six month long ethnographic fieldwork with teachers from semi urban and rural community schools in Kavre district, Nepal. As an ethnographic researcher, I am still in contact with my research participants in doing peer review and reflection of the listening, seeing and being within the topic. Specifically, this note reflects my positionality and challenges of interviewing, observing and presenting the initial findings. Moreover, this reflective note highlights ethnography as both a process and a product that evolves during the study time itself.
这篇短文反映了我与尼泊尔Kavre地区半城市和农村社区学校的老师一起进行为期六个月的民族志实地考察时的经验和学习。作为一名民族志研究人员,我仍然与我的研究参与者保持联系,进行同行评审和反思,倾听,看到和置身于主题之中。具体来说,这篇笔记反映了我的立场和采访、观察和呈现初步发现的挑战。此外,这篇反思性的笔记强调了民族志既是一个过程,也是一个在研究期间发展起来的产物。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship Between Perception of Service Quality and Students’ Satisfaction – A Case Study of a Management School 服务质量感知与学生满意度的关系——以某管理学院为例
Pub Date : 2018-12-30 DOI: 10.3126/JER.V6I2.22149
Rojan Baniya
This study examines the relationship between service quality dimensions (SERVQUAL Model) and overall service quality and satisfaction of management students. Additionally, this study identifies critical factors amongst service quality dimensions that contribute most to students’ satisfaction. Furthermore, this study examines whether the relationship between overall service quality and student satisfaction is valid at both Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) level and Master in Business Administration (MBA) level. Self-administered online surveys were conducted among the undergraduate and graduate students of a management school in Kathmandu to collect the data, which were analysed using correlations and regressions. Both ‘dimensions of service quality’ and ‘composite service quality construct’ had positive relationship with students’ satisfaction, such that at both graduate and undergraduate level, service quality is antecedent of students’ satisfaction. Among the dimensions of service quality, empathy and responsiveness were found to be significant predictors of service quality. The empirical results of this study attest to Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry’s (1985) SERVQUAL. This study also provides a basis for further validation of relationship between service quality and student satisfaction in future. Finally, it suggests management schools to improve their service quality, and its various dimensions, leading to students’ satisfaction.
本研究探讨服务品质维度(SERVQUAL模型)与管理专业学生整体服务品质及满意度的关系。此外,本研究确定了服务质量维度中对学生满意度贡献最大的关键因素。此外,本研究亦探讨整体服务品质与学生满意度之间的关系,是否在工商管理学士(BBA)与工商管理硕士(MBA)水平均有效。在加德满都一所管理学院的本科生和研究生中进行了自我管理的在线调查,以收集数据,并使用相关性和回归分析。“服务质量维度”和“复合服务质量结构”与学生满意度均存在正相关关系,即在研究生和本科生水平上,服务质量都是学生满意度的先决条件。在服务品质的各维度中,共情和回应是服务品质的显著预测因子。本研究的实证结果证实了Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry(1985)的SERVQUAL。本研究也为未来进一步验证服务品质与学生满意度的关系提供基础。最后,建议管理学院提高其服务质量,以及其各个维度,从而提高学生的满意度。
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引用次数: 6
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Journal of Education and Research
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