Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.003
Simas Grigonis
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has recently assessed the compatibility of the reformatory Investment Court System (ICS) of the EU’s trade agreement with Canada (CETA). In the Opinion 1/17, the CJEU ruled the ICS mechanism to be compatible with EU law. This article provides a comprehensive critical assessment of the ICS mechanism and its potential adverse effects on uniform interpretation of EU law. It is proposed that, despite the favourable assessment of the CJEU, the ICS mechanism could result in indirect negative effects on the uniform interpretation of EU law and the autonomy of EU legal order. Involvement of the CJEU in the proceedings of the ICS mechanism is suggested as a possible option to resolve all the incompatibilities of the ICS with the autonomy of the EU legal order, and to ensure the CJEU’s exclusive right to interpret EU law.
{"title":"INVESTMENT COURT SYSTEM OF CETA: ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE AUTONOMY OF EU LAW AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS","authors":"Simas Grigonis","doi":"10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has recently assessed the compatibility of the reformatory Investment Court System (ICS) of the EU’s trade agreement with Canada (CETA). In the Opinion 1/17, the CJEU ruled the ICS mechanism to be compatible with EU law. This article provides a comprehensive critical assessment of the ICS mechanism and its potential adverse effects on uniform interpretation of EU law. It is proposed that, despite the favourable assessment of the CJEU, the ICS mechanism could result in indirect negative effects on the uniform interpretation of EU law and the autonomy of EU legal order. Involvement of the CJEU in the proceedings of the ICS mechanism is suggested as a possible option to resolve all the incompatibilities of the ICS with the autonomy of the EU legal order, and to ensure the CJEU’s exclusive right to interpret EU law.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42167054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.004
Martin Maarand
A case of the European Court of Justice C-219/17, Berlusconi and Fininvest, laid down important rules for differentiating between the jurisdictions of EU courts and national courts in actions challenging the final decisions of composite procedures in the Single Supervisory Mechanism. As this judgement does not cover all scenarios, nor are there such decisions regarding the Single Resolution Mechanism, a universal test is developed for revealing if EU courts or national courts have jurisdiction over acts of composite procedures in the Banking Union. This test is then implemented on the most important acts within the Single Resolution Mechanism.
{"title":"The Impact of the Judgement in Case C-219/17, Berlusconi and Fininvest, on Court Jurisdiction Regarding Legality of Acts by Institutions of Single Resolution Mechanism","authors":"Martin Maarand","doi":"10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"A case of the European Court of Justice C-219/17, Berlusconi and Fininvest, laid down important rules for differentiating between the jurisdictions of EU courts and national courts in actions challenging the final decisions of composite procedures in the Single Supervisory Mechanism. As this judgement does not cover all scenarios, nor are there such decisions regarding the Single Resolution Mechanism, a universal test is developed for revealing if EU courts or national courts have jurisdiction over acts of composite procedures in the Banking Union. This test is then implemented on the most important acts within the Single Resolution Mechanism.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42686448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.005
Pranas Mykolas Mickus
International commercial arbitration is becoming increasingly convoluted, and hence requires a certain degree of uniformity in order to achieve true international applicability. As a result of this complexity, after arbitration proceedings finish both the national courts of the seat of arbitration and the national courts of enforcing jurisdiction are caught in the dilemma of how to interact with each other, as well as with the arbitral awards produced by arbitral tribunals. This article assesses this phenomenon critically in order to weight current developments in arbitration against the normative structure of arbitration as they were originally intended.
{"title":"INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION – ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS REVISITED","authors":"Pranas Mykolas Mickus","doi":"10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"International commercial arbitration is becoming increasingly convoluted, and hence requires a certain degree of uniformity in order to achieve true international applicability. As a result of this complexity, after arbitration proceedings finish both the national courts of the seat of arbitration and the national courts of enforcing jurisdiction are caught in the dilemma of how to interact with each other, as well as with the arbitral awards produced by arbitral tribunals. This article assesses this phenomenon critically in order to weight current developments in arbitration against the normative structure of arbitration as they were originally intended.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.006
E. Lyapina
In July 2017, during a meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations, in the framework of the Strategy of Russia’s national policy the Russian president declared that children should not be forced to study indigenous languages in the national republics of Russia. In November of the same year, the Republic of Tatarstan’s Parliament abolished compulsory study of Tatar language in schools, contrary to the Constitution of Russia and its Federal legislation providing equal legal statuses to Russian and Tatar languages in the Republic of Tatarstan. Tatars, being a Turkic nation with Islamic views, are the second largest ethnic population in Russia, where the dominant vector of national identity is orthodox and Slavic. Recently, the issue of Tatar identity and Tatar language is under pressure from political discourse which prevails over the legal order, and which may lead to a decrease in the level of multiculturalism in the country. The author concludes that the Rule of Law is at risk since the rights of minorities to an education in their native language, which are guaranteed not only by international treaties but also by the Constitution and Federal law of Russia, are being disregarded or opted out of by the new Law on Education in Russia.
{"title":"NATIONAL MINORITY AND THE RULE OF LAW: THE CASE OF TATARS AND TATAR LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA","authors":"E. Lyapina","doi":"10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2019.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2017, during a meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations, in the framework of the Strategy of Russia’s national policy the Russian president declared that children should not be forced to study indigenous languages in the national republics of Russia. In November of the same year, the Republic of Tatarstan’s Parliament abolished compulsory study of Tatar language in schools, contrary to the Constitution of Russia and its Federal legislation providing equal legal statuses to Russian and Tatar languages in the Republic of Tatarstan. Tatars, being a Turkic nation with Islamic views, are the second largest ethnic population in Russia, where the dominant vector of national identity is orthodox and Slavic. Recently, the issue of Tatar identity and Tatar language is under pressure from political discourse which prevails over the legal order, and which may lead to a decrease in the level of multiculturalism in the country. The author concludes that the Rule of Law is at risk since the rights of minorities to an education in their native language, which are guaranteed not only by international treaties but also by the Constitution and Federal law of Russia, are being disregarded or opted out of by the new Law on Education in Russia.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.010
Rasa Žibaitė–Neliubšienė
This article analyses the judge's role as an impartial subject in criminal proceedings. Lithuania's legal system belongs to the Romano-Germanic system characterised by the inquisitorial model of criminal process. However, the prevailing constitutional doctrine that separates the procedural functions of criminal procedure and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court obliges the judge to seek to establish the strict truth by giving him/her a procedural tool – namely, an obligation to be active and act impartially. To reduce the possible misuse of judicial discretion, the law establishes the factors that limit it and ensure impartiality, including imperative procedural rules, the obligation of motivation for a judgment, the instance system of courts, and the system of guarantees ensuring the judge's independence.
{"title":"The Judge as an Impartial Subject in Criminal Proceedings: The Case of Lithuania","authors":"Rasa Žibaitė–Neliubšienė","doi":"10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the judge's role as an impartial subject in criminal proceedings. Lithuania's legal system belongs to the Romano-Germanic system characterised by the inquisitorial model of criminal process. However, the prevailing constitutional doctrine that separates the procedural functions of criminal procedure and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court obliges the judge to seek to establish the strict truth by giving him/her a procedural tool – namely, an obligation to be active and act impartially. To reduce the possible misuse of judicial discretion, the law establishes the factors that limit it and ensure impartiality, including imperative procedural rules, the obligation of motivation for a judgment, the instance system of courts, and the system of guarantees ensuring the judge's independence.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49136362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.005
Michał Bernaczyk
The following article provides the outline of the right to information on activities of the persons discharging public functions and public organs in the Republic of Poland. The article considers the structure of the right established in the Constitution of 2 April 1997 and its connection with freedom to receive and impart information.
{"title":"The Constitutional Right to Information in Poland. Theory and Practice","authors":"Michał Bernaczyk","doi":"10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"The following article provides the outline of the right to information on activities of the persons discharging public functions and public organs in the Republic of Poland. The article considers the structure of the right established in the Constitution of 2 April 1997 and its connection with freedom to receive and impart information.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.007
Inna Spasibo-Fateeva
This article examines the existing legal regime of property of legal entities under Ukrainian legislation. Various forms of legal right to property are analysed by the author: ownership, right of economic and operational management, right to use and other real rights and rights of obligation (rights in personam). Most existing titles are controversial, both from a theoretical and practical standpoint. From a theoretical standpoint, it is rather hard to distinguish these forms one from another and to point out their peculiarities. This is especially true about rights of economic and operational management, which were designed in the Soviet period for the purposes of the Soviet economy, but somehow remained in modern Ukrainian legislation. As existing case law shows, this leads to numerous legal disputes which reveal, in particular, the problems of liability of a legal entity and its property independence. The most notorious among these disputes are analysed in the paper, including the dispute between the Ukrainian state and Ukrainian trade unions regarding property transferred to them by the former USSR, the dispute between certain Ukrainian companies and the Russian Federation on property expropriated in Crimea. Based on the analysis, the author suggests certain solutions to existing problems. First, the author insists on recognizing legal entities as property owners. Second, the author proves that public companies need more detailed regulation and are to be provided a clear legal status. It is preferable to stipulate these issues in the Civil Code of Ukraine thus providing comprehensive regulation on all types of legal entities.
{"title":"LEGAL REGIME OF PROPERTY OF UKRAINIAN LEGAL ENTITIES","authors":"Inna Spasibo-Fateeva","doi":"10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the existing legal regime of property of legal entities under Ukrainian legislation. Various forms of legal right to property are analysed by the author: ownership, right of economic and operational management, right to use and other real rights and rights of obligation (rights in personam). Most existing titles are controversial, both from a theoretical and practical standpoint. From a theoretical standpoint, it is rather hard to distinguish these forms one from another and to point out their peculiarities. This is especially true about rights of economic and operational management, which were designed in the Soviet period for the purposes of the Soviet economy, but somehow remained in modern Ukrainian legislation. As existing case law shows, this leads to numerous legal disputes which reveal, in particular, the problems of liability of a legal entity and its property independence. The most notorious among these disputes are analysed in the paper, including the dispute between the Ukrainian state and Ukrainian trade unions regarding property transferred to them by the former USSR, the dispute between certain Ukrainian companies and the Russian Federation on property expropriated in Crimea. Based on the analysis, the author suggests certain solutions to existing problems. First, the author insists on recognizing legal entities as property owners. Second, the author proves that public companies need more detailed regulation and are to be provided a clear legal status. It is preferable to stipulate these issues in the Civil Code of Ukraine thus providing comprehensive regulation on all types of legal entities.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46814091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.003
Jan Grinc
This article discusses the stability and dynamics of the Czech constitution, especially the ‘frame of government’. First, the circumstances of the adoption of the Czech Constitution from 1993 are described, as well as the initial problems with the implementation of bicameralism. Second, the rigidity of the constitution in formal and material sense is analysed. Here, the article demonstrates that the procedural rules for adopting constitutional acts (qualified majorities in both chambers of the Parliament) have to be considered in connection with the electoral and political system in the Czech Republic in order to get a good picture. By an overview of constitutional acts adopted since 1993, it is shown that the constitutional system has not been subject to major changes and remained rather stable. Two important exceptions, i.e. moments of constitutional development are discussed in detail: the cancellation of early election in the Chamber of Deputies by the annulment of a constitutional act by the Constitutional Court and the introduction of direct election of the President of the Republic and its impact. In both cases, the lack of governmental control over the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies—arguably the weakest point of the constitutional system—amplified the political crises in the short-term, but did not prevent the return to regular functioning of the parliamentary system. The article, therefore, comes to the conclusion that the Czech constitution is rather stable and functional. The rules ensuring its rigidity have been successful and may serve as an inspiration from the comparative perspective.
{"title":"CONSTITUTIONAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC","authors":"Jan Grinc","doi":"10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the stability and dynamics of the Czech constitution, especially the ‘frame of government’. First, the circumstances of the adoption of the Czech Constitution from 1993 are described, as well as the initial problems with the implementation of bicameralism. Second, the rigidity of the constitution in formal and material sense is analysed. Here, the article demonstrates that the procedural rules for adopting constitutional acts (qualified majorities in both chambers of the Parliament) have to be considered in connection with the electoral and political system in the Czech Republic in order to get a good picture. By an overview of constitutional acts adopted since 1993, it is shown that the constitutional system has not been subject to major changes and remained rather stable. Two important exceptions, i.e. moments of constitutional development are discussed in detail: the cancellation of early election in the Chamber of Deputies by the annulment of a constitutional act by the Constitutional Court and the introduction of direct election of the President of the Republic and its impact. In both cases, the lack of governmental control over the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies—arguably the weakest point of the constitutional system—amplified the political crises in the short-term, but did not prevent the return to regular functioning of the parliamentary system. The article, therefore, comes to the conclusion that the Czech constitution is rather stable and functional. The rules ensuring its rigidity have been successful and may serve as an inspiration from the comparative perspective.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.004
Ewa Wojcicka
This article analyses the judicial decisions of the Polish administrative courts from the perspective of the principle of direct applicability of the Constitution. This principle, integrally connected with the highest legal force of the Constitution, is of fundamental importance in the process of reconstruction of the legal provisions carried out by courts. It takes various forms, including independent application of the Constitution’s provisions, co-application of the Constitution and other legal acts, and ascertainment of conflicts between the provisions of the Constitution and other legal acts. An analysis of decisions by administrative courts shows that these commonly refer to the Constitution. The most popular form of implementation of the Constitution is the co-application of its provisions with statutory ones and other legal acts. The application of constitutional provisions is increasingly becoming the norm in administrative adjudication. This also indicates that among the Constitution’s various functions, it is the legal one that plays a major role.
{"title":"DIRECT APPLICATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND’S CONSTITUTION IN THE CASE LAW OF ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS","authors":"Ewa Wojcicka","doi":"10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the judicial decisions of the Polish administrative courts from the perspective of the principle of direct applicability of the Constitution. This principle, integrally connected with the highest legal force of the Constitution, is of fundamental importance in the process of reconstruction of the legal provisions carried out by courts. It takes various forms, including independent application of the Constitution’s provisions, co-application of the Constitution and other legal acts, and ascertainment of conflicts between the provisions of the Constitution and other legal acts. An analysis of decisions by administrative courts shows that these commonly refer to the Constitution. The most popular form of implementation of the Constitution is the co-application of its provisions with statutory ones and other legal acts. The application of constitutional provisions is increasingly becoming the norm in administrative adjudication. This also indicates that among the Constitution’s various functions, it is the legal one that plays a major role.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44735538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.002
J. Żurek
The text studies current constitutional tensions in Poland. The author is analysing political problems in good and effective governance in Poland, which are caused by vague constitutional provisions that construct unclear relations between main state bodies. Therefore, he criticises the constitutional system that, instead of solving problems, only multiplies them. One of the reasons of this situation he blames on the authors of the 1997 Constitution, which gave more importance to the political aims of that time than to the construction of solid and effective system of state bodies. In order to change this situation, the author calls for a profound constitutional reform. To text includes present tensions between the government and the Supreme Court as well as brief information on the 2015–2107 conflict with the Polish Constitutional Tribunal.
{"title":"POLISH CONSTITUTION AFTER 20 YEARS","authors":"J. Żurek","doi":"10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/J.ICJ.2019.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"The text studies current constitutional tensions in Poland. The author is analysing political problems in good and effective governance in Poland, which are caused by vague constitutional provisions that construct unclear relations between main state bodies. Therefore, he criticises the constitutional system that, instead of solving problems, only multiplies them. One of the reasons of this situation he blames on the authors of the 1997 Constitution, which gave more importance to the political aims of that time than to the construction of solid and effective system of state bodies. In order to change this situation, the author calls for a profound constitutional reform. To text includes present tensions between the government and the Supreme Court as well as brief information on the 2015–2107 conflict with the Polish Constitutional Tribunal.","PeriodicalId":32140,"journal":{"name":"International Comparative Jurisprudence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44194659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：