Pub Date : 1994-12-15DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512855
M. Okamoto, Y. Niitsu
The paper presents a method for efficiently verifying service software. This method is used to design a service creation environment (SCE) for NTT's advanced intelligent network (advanced IN). The authors classify types of service software verifications, and then propose a verification method based on these classifications. This verification method consists of three steps: specification verification, simulation, and an actual machine test. The SCE provides a verification environment for each verification step. Use of this SCE shows that manpower required for verification can be reduced. The paper mainly describes verification of service logic programs (SLPs), but verification of management logic programs (MLPs), and operation logic programs (OLPs) is also briefly described.
{"title":"Designing an SCE for the advanced IN applying the service software verification method","authors":"M. Okamoto, Y. Niitsu","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512855","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a method for efficiently verifying service software. This method is used to design a service creation environment (SCE) for NTT's advanced intelligent network (advanced IN). The authors classify types of service software verifications, and then propose a verification method based on these classifications. This verification method consists of three steps: specification verification, simulation, and an actual machine test. The SCE provides a verification environment for each verification step. Use of this SCE shows that manpower required for verification can be reduced. The paper mainly describes verification of service logic programs (SLPs), but verification of management logic programs (MLPs), and operation logic programs (OLPs) is also briefly described.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512812
S. Kato, S. Kubota, K. Seki, K. Enomoto, K. Kawazoe, T. Sakata, Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Y. Matsumoto
This paper proposes a very low power consumption (2V operation) one-chip baseband LSIC for personal communication terminals. It is composed of a /spl pi//4 QPSK modem, a TDMA-TDD controller, an ADPCM codec and a LAPDC controller. The developed CMOS LSIC completely meets the PHS (Personal Handy Phone System) standard. By employing a novel coherent demodulator and an ADPCM codec with a click noise suppressor, 6dB higher-quality voice transmission has been realized in fading environments. Moreover, the novel circuit configurations of the modem, the ADPCM codec, the TDMA-TDD controller and the LAPDC controller make it possible to reduce significantly the power consumption of the baseband circuits of personal communication terminals.
{"title":"A very low power and high-quality signal transmission baseband LSIC for personal communications-advanced signal processing and one-channel integration","authors":"S. Kato, S. Kubota, K. Seki, K. Enomoto, K. Kawazoe, T. Sakata, Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Y. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512812","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a very low power consumption (2V operation) one-chip baseband LSIC for personal communication terminals. It is composed of a /spl pi//4 QPSK modem, a TDMA-TDD controller, an ADPCM codec and a LAPDC controller. The developed CMOS LSIC completely meets the PHS (Personal Handy Phone System) standard. By employing a novel coherent demodulator and an ADPCM codec with a click noise suppressor, 6dB higher-quality voice transmission has been realized in fading environments. Moreover, the novel circuit configurations of the modem, the ADPCM codec, the TDMA-TDD controller and the LAPDC controller make it possible to reduce significantly the power consumption of the baseband circuits of personal communication terminals.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124135570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512992
S. Kim
We investigate the optimal modulation alphabet in connection with the channel traffic and the reliability of side information in a frequency-hopped multiple-access communication system employing Reed-Solomon coded MFSK signaling. The performance measures considered are the average number of successfully transmitted information bits per dimension (called normalized throughput) and the bit error probability versus the data rate. Tradeoffs among code rate, modulation alphabet and processing gain in maximizing the normalized throughput are discussed.
{"title":"Bandwidth efficient frequency-hopped multiple-access communication with Reed-Solomon coded MFSK signaling","authors":"S. Kim","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512992","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the optimal modulation alphabet in connection with the channel traffic and the reliability of side information in a frequency-hopped multiple-access communication system employing Reed-Solomon coded MFSK signaling. The performance measures considered are the average number of successfully transmitted information bits per dimension (called normalized throughput) and the bit error probability versus the data rate. Tradeoffs among code rate, modulation alphabet and processing gain in maximizing the normalized throughput are discussed.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115454272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512816
M. Shihabi, H. Tan
In deep space communications, different antenna aperture arraying techniques are used to enhance the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A residual-carrier arraying scheme, which is able to jointly (two or more antennas) track the carrier when the signal is too weak to be tracked by a single antenna, is proposed in this paper. Starting with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the carrier phase of a sinusoid in white Gaussian noise, an open-loop MLE for estimating the carrier phase difference between several antennas and a reference antenna is proposed. The performance of this estimator is derived and is shown to be unbiased, and asymptotically efficient (the variance of the estimate error is given by the CRLB). Next, this residual carrier technique is illustrated in conjunction with baseband combining for PCM/BPSK/PM signal. The degradation in terms of symbol SNR and symbol error rate loss is derived based on imperfect synchronization assumptions. The results are verified by simulation for a given example.
{"title":"Open loop residual carrier arraying with baseband combining","authors":"M. Shihabi, H. Tan","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512816","url":null,"abstract":"In deep space communications, different antenna aperture arraying techniques are used to enhance the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A residual-carrier arraying scheme, which is able to jointly (two or more antennas) track the carrier when the signal is too weak to be tracked by a single antenna, is proposed in this paper. Starting with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the carrier phase of a sinusoid in white Gaussian noise, an open-loop MLE for estimating the carrier phase difference between several antennas and a reference antenna is proposed. The performance of this estimator is derived and is shown to be unbiased, and asymptotically efficient (the variance of the estimate error is given by the CRLB). Next, this residual carrier technique is illustrated in conjunction with baseband combining for PCM/BPSK/PM signal. The degradation in terms of symbol SNR and symbol error rate loss is derived based on imperfect synchronization assumptions. The results are verified by simulation for a given example.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115724458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513417
T. Pollet, P. Spruyt, M. Moeneclaey
In fully digital receivers, carrier and timing information is derived from samples of the (anti-aliasing-filtered) received continuous-time signal. In case of synchronized sampling, this information is used to align the sampling clock of the receiver with the remote transmit clock. In nonsynchronized sampling systems, the sampling at the receiver is performed by means of a fixed free-running clock, and additional post-processing is necessary to perform timing correction in the digital domain. We investigate the effect of non-synchronized sampling on the BER performance of OFDM systems. We calculate the BER degradation caused by a given frequency offset between receiver and transmitter clock, as compared with the case of ideal sampling. The obtained results are compared with the performance of synchronized sampling systems.
{"title":"The BER performance of OFDM systems using non-synchronized sampling","authors":"T. Pollet, P. Spruyt, M. Moeneclaey","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513417","url":null,"abstract":"In fully digital receivers, carrier and timing information is derived from samples of the (anti-aliasing-filtered) received continuous-time signal. In case of synchronized sampling, this information is used to align the sampling clock of the receiver with the remote transmit clock. In nonsynchronized sampling systems, the sampling at the receiver is performed by means of a fixed free-running clock, and additional post-processing is necessary to perform timing correction in the digital domain. We investigate the effect of non-synchronized sampling on the BER performance of OFDM systems. We calculate the BER degradation caused by a given frequency offset between receiver and transmitter clock, as compared with the case of ideal sampling. The obtained results are compared with the performance of synchronized sampling systems.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123128669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513493
S. Singh
"Framed non-work conserving" scheduling disciplines have been used to ensure performance guarantees for VBR traffic in ATM. The author presents a modified round-robin scheduling discipline of this type, which uses the notion of "credits". This scheduler is analysed and shown to give improvements provided the input traffic obeys certain restrictions. It turns out that, the scheduler allows to guarantee a minimum rate for a virtual circuit (VC) at any switch, while also ensuring that higher-rate bursts of a limited length are properly handled. The scheduler is also "self-policing" in the sense that the long-term average rate allocated to the VC is kept dose to the guaranteed minimum. This, in turn, allows suitable rate allocations to be made for other (non delay-sensitive) VCs, and this rate can be guaranteed to such VCs. The analysis also provides a method of computing delay and jitter bounds which can be used to determine suitable parameters for call set-up, as part of the connection admission control.
{"title":"Round-robin with credits: an improved scheduling strategy for rate-allocation in high-speed packet-switching","authors":"S. Singh","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513493","url":null,"abstract":"\"Framed non-work conserving\" scheduling disciplines have been used to ensure performance guarantees for VBR traffic in ATM. The author presents a modified round-robin scheduling discipline of this type, which uses the notion of \"credits\". This scheduler is analysed and shown to give improvements provided the input traffic obeys certain restrictions. It turns out that, the scheduler allows to guarantee a minimum rate for a virtual circuit (VC) at any switch, while also ensuring that higher-rate bursts of a limited length are properly handled. The scheduler is also \"self-policing\" in the sense that the long-term average rate allocated to the VC is kept dose to the guaranteed minimum. This, in turn, allows suitable rate allocations to be made for other (non delay-sensitive) VCs, and this rate can be guaranteed to such VCs. The analysis also provides a method of computing delay and jitter bounds which can be used to determine suitable parameters for call set-up, as part of the connection admission control.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123180533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513558
A. Abu-Dayya, N. Beaulieu
We investigate the effects of correlation on the performance of diversity systems in wide-band wireless radio environments. Specifically, the average bit error rate (BER) performance of M-ary differential phase shift keying (MDPSK) on correlated frequency-selective slow Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. A two-branch diversity receiver with postdetection equal gain combining is considered. Nyquist pulse shaping is used and differential detection is employed at the receiver. The effects of cochannel interference on the system performance are assessed using a Gaussian interference model. To further enhance the system performance, the effects of combined diversity and forward error correction (FEC) coding on the average BER are investigated. Results using short cyclic block codes with perfect bit interleaving are obtained. The effects of the root mean square (RMS) delay spread, the amount of correlation, and the level of modulation, M, on the average BER are investigated in detail for both coded and uncoded systems. The results show that dual branch diversity combining with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 outperforms (in terms of BER) short block codes with perfect bit interleaving, and that combined diversity and coding strategies are effective in combatting the effects of frequency-selective fading.
{"title":"Dual diversity versus simple block coding for correlated frequency-selective fading channels","authors":"A. Abu-Dayya, N. Beaulieu","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513558","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effects of correlation on the performance of diversity systems in wide-band wireless radio environments. Specifically, the average bit error rate (BER) performance of M-ary differential phase shift keying (MDPSK) on correlated frequency-selective slow Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. A two-branch diversity receiver with postdetection equal gain combining is considered. Nyquist pulse shaping is used and differential detection is employed at the receiver. The effects of cochannel interference on the system performance are assessed using a Gaussian interference model. To further enhance the system performance, the effects of combined diversity and forward error correction (FEC) coding on the average BER are investigated. Results using short cyclic block codes with perfect bit interleaving are obtained. The effects of the root mean square (RMS) delay spread, the amount of correlation, and the level of modulation, M, on the average BER are investigated in detail for both coded and uncoded systems. The results show that dual branch diversity combining with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 outperforms (in terms of BER) short block codes with perfect bit interleaving, and that combined diversity and coding strategies are effective in combatting the effects of frequency-selective fading.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125239693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513002
G. De Jonghe, M. Moeneclaey
The influence of a frequency offset on the operation of the nondecision-aided feedforward carrier synchroniser for MPSK is analyzed. The synchroniser uses a nonlinearity F(/spl rho/) to eliminate the influence of the data symbols and a window accumulator (WA) of length K to reduce the influence of the additive noise. For a given frequency offset /spl Delta/F, the window length K cannot be chosen arbitrarily large because increasing K reduces the useful component at the output of the averaging filter. The optimal (minimal linearized phase error variance) length K/sub opt/ of the WA is determined. This optimal value K/sub opt/ is a function of M,F(/spl rho/), /spl Delta/F and E/sub s//N/sub 0/. It is shown that, depending on the E/sub s//N/sub 0/-region under consideration, K/sub opt/ can be approximated by its asymptotic (low or high E/sub 8//N/sub 0/) value. The asymptotic value of K/sub opt/ for low E/sub s//N/sub 0/ depends on M and /spl Delta/F but is independent of F(/spl rho/). The asymptotic value of K/sub opt/ for high E/sub s//N/sub 0/ depends on M, /spl Delta/F and F(/spl rho/).
{"title":"Optimal averaging filter length of the Viterbi and Viterbi carrier synchronizer for a given frequency offset","authors":"G. De Jonghe, M. Moeneclaey","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513002","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of a frequency offset on the operation of the nondecision-aided feedforward carrier synchroniser for MPSK is analyzed. The synchroniser uses a nonlinearity F(/spl rho/) to eliminate the influence of the data symbols and a window accumulator (WA) of length K to reduce the influence of the additive noise. For a given frequency offset /spl Delta/F, the window length K cannot be chosen arbitrarily large because increasing K reduces the useful component at the output of the averaging filter. The optimal (minimal linearized phase error variance) length K/sub opt/ of the WA is determined. This optimal value K/sub opt/ is a function of M,F(/spl rho/), /spl Delta/F and E/sub s//N/sub 0/. It is shown that, depending on the E/sub s//N/sub 0/-region under consideration, K/sub opt/ can be approximated by its asymptotic (low or high E/sub 8//N/sub 0/) value. The asymptotic value of K/sub opt/ for low E/sub s//N/sub 0/ depends on M and /spl Delta/F but is independent of F(/spl rho/). The asymptotic value of K/sub opt/ for high E/sub s//N/sub 0/ depends on M, /spl Delta/F and F(/spl rho/).","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513569
Hung Wing, R. Colomb
The development of a cooperative user interface is a vital and interesting issue due to the lack of common access and limited sharing of data among applications. In this paper, we propose a new design framework which can be used as a platform to access and integrate applications in a cooperative manner. In particular, the paper describes how applications can be integrated by using an object-oriented database approach. With this approach, the mapping between the application input/output streams and the database objects promotes the transparency of information transfer among applications.
{"title":"Towards cooperative user interfaces: an object-oriented application integration approach","authors":"Hung Wing, R. Colomb","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.513569","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a cooperative user interface is a vital and interesting issue due to the lack of common access and limited sharing of data among applications. In this paper, we propose a new design framework which can be used as a platform to access and integrate applications in a cooperative manner. In particular, the paper describes how applications can be integrated by using an object-oriented database approach. With this approach, the mapping between the application input/output streams and the database objects promotes the transparency of information transfer among applications.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"212 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120908687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-28DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512681
A. Khandani
We discuss the selection of the boundary of a signal constellation which has nonequal values of average energy along different dimensions. This nonequal energy allocation, in conjunction with a nondiagonal modulating matrix, is used to shape the corresponding power spectrum. The objective is to optimize the "rate versus energy trade-off" subject to some constraints on the corresponding power spectrum. In a rectangular constellation, the nonequal energy allocation is achieved by using different number of points along different dimensions. It is shown that the optimization procedure reduces to maximizing the determinant of an autocorrelation matrix subject to some linear constraints on its elements. In a shaped constellation, the number of points along the one-D (one-dimensional) subspaces are the same and the nonequal energy allocation is achieved by selecting an appropriate boundary in a higher dimensional space.
{"title":"Unsymmetrical boundary shaping with application to spectral shaping","authors":"A. Khandani","doi":"10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1994.512681","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the selection of the boundary of a signal constellation which has nonequal values of average energy along different dimensions. This nonequal energy allocation, in conjunction with a nondiagonal modulating matrix, is used to shape the corresponding power spectrum. The objective is to optimize the \"rate versus energy trade-off\" subject to some constraints on the corresponding power spectrum. In a rectangular constellation, the nonequal energy allocation is achieved by using different number of points along different dimensions. It is shown that the optimization procedure reduces to maximizing the determinant of an autocorrelation matrix subject to some linear constraints on its elements. In a shaped constellation, the number of points along the one-D (one-dimensional) subspaces are the same and the nonequal energy allocation is achieved by selecting an appropriate boundary in a higher dimensional space.","PeriodicalId":323626,"journal":{"name":"1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121036207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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