Aim: Acute bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract disease in children. In addition to its common clinical findings, it may also cause extrarenal water losses. Deficiency in total body water is a risk for hypernatremia. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of concomitant hypernatremia in children suffering from acute bronchiolitis. Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 1317 children who presented to the pediatric emergency department with acute bronchiolitis and whose sodium levels were measured from January 1, 2019, to March 1, 2020. The age, gender, and application season of the patients were recorded. Results: Hypernatremia was detected in 193 (14.7%) patients, and hyponatremia was detected in 99 (7.5%). There was no statistical difference in age or gender between the hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and normonatremia groups (p>0.05). The frequency of hypernatremia was the highest in winter and spring (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with acute bronchiolitis may be accompanied not only by hyponatremia but also by hypernatremia. To prevent dysnatremia in patients with acute bronchiolitis, each child's intravenous hydration regimen must be ordered to electrolyte levels.
{"title":"The frequency of hypernatremia at presenting to the Emergency Department with acute bronchiolitis","authors":"Dilek Konuksever, Eylem Gül Ateş","doi":"10.23950/jcmk/13763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13763","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Aim:</b> Acute bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract disease in children. In addition to its common clinical findings, it may also cause extrarenal water losses. Deficiency in total body water is a risk for hypernatremia. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of concomitant hypernatremia in children suffering from acute bronchiolitis.<br /> <b>Material and methods</b>: This retrospective study was conducted with 1317 children who presented to the pediatric emergency department with acute bronchiolitis and whose sodium levels were measured from January 1, 2019, to March 1, 2020. The age, gender, and application season of the patients were recorded.<br /> <b>Results: </b>Hypernatremia was detected in 193 (14.7%) patients, and hyponatremia was detected in 99 (7.5%). There was no statistical difference in age or gender between the hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and normonatremia groups (p&gt;0.05). The frequency of hypernatremia was the highest in winter and spring (p&lt;0.05).<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> Patients with acute bronchiolitis may be accompanied not only by hyponatremia but also by hypernatremia. To prevent dysnatremia in patients with acute bronchiolitis, each child's intravenous hydration regimen must be ordered to electrolyte levels.","PeriodicalId":32426,"journal":{"name":"Kazakstannyn Klinikalyk Medicinasy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of endurance and strength physical training on the cardiovascular system by reviewing the molecular signalling pathways, which plays a key role in different muscle adaptations, and the cardiac changes in terms of metabolic and cardiac remodelling, and hemodynamics. In response to endurance-exercise, multiple signalling pathways, including Ca2+-dependent pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS), AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), are involved in the regulation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which controls the mitochondrial biogenesis. Strength training increases the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) which initiates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-k)-(AKT)-(mTOR) signalling cascade, resulting in the synthesis of proteins and the muscle hypertrophy. In addition to the well-documented changes in skeletal muscle, a critical component of the response to exercise training is the dynamic cardiac remodelling, which is classified as either pathological or physiological depending on triggers.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: MOLECULAR SIGNALLING PATHWAY AND CARDIAC ADAPTATIONS","authors":"Bauyrzhan Toktarbay, Zaukiya Khamitova, Nurmakhan Zholshybek, Dinara Jumadilova, Yeltay Rakhmanov, Makhabbat Bekbossynova, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Alessandro Salustri","doi":"10.23950/jcmk/13825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13825","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of endurance and strength physical training on the cardiovascular system by reviewing the molecular signalling pathways, which plays a key role in different muscle adaptations, and the cardiac changes in terms of metabolic and cardiac remodelling, and hemodynamics. In response to endurance-exercise, multiple signalling pathways, including Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS), AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), are involved in the regulation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which controls the mitochondrial biogenesis. Strength training increases the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) which initiates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-k)-(AKT)-(mTOR) signalling cascade, resulting in the synthesis of proteins and the muscle hypertrophy. In addition to the well-documented changes in skeletal muscle, a critical component of the response to exercise training is the dynamic cardiac remodelling, which is classified as either pathological or physiological depending on triggers.","PeriodicalId":32426,"journal":{"name":"Kazakstannyn Klinikalyk Medicinasy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Material and methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted over two years in 100 patients who presented with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). IPSS questionnaire was used to evaluate the symptomatology of BPH. Patients were examined for cardiovascular risk factors. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination for left ventricular function. A single experienced sonographer, blinded to all clinical information, assessed the common carotid artery. Results: The patients mean age was 69.32 years. The mean BMI was 28.91 kg/m². Of the total mild symptom score cases, 75 % (N=6) cases had Grade I prostatomegaly (26 – 40 cc). 98.38 % (N=61) cases had Grade II prostatomegaly (41 – 60 cc), 93.33 % (N=28) cases had Grade III prostatomegaly (>60cc). A mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of 0.56 mm was found in cases having mild IPSS scores (Score 1-7), 0.73 mm was found in cases having moderate IPSS score (Score 8-19), 0.92 mm was found in cases having severe IPSS scores (Score 20-35). Significant association was present between mean BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and mean Carotid IMT with IPSS as p-value was <0.05. Significant association was present between total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and prostate volume with p-value <0.0001. Conclusion: This study found that prostatic tissue had a strong relationship with carotid IMT and cardiovascular risk factors in BPH patients. These data suggest a possible link between carotid IMT and cardiovascular risk factors and BPH.
{"title":"Evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients","authors":"Parag Jaipuriya, Arun Sekar, Ershad Hussain Galeti, Vedamurthy Reddy Pogula, Gousia Begum","doi":"10.23950/jcmk/13321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13321","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Objective:</b> To assess the carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br /> <b>Material and methods:</b> This was a prospective observational study conducted over two years in 100 patients who presented with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). IPSS questionnaire was used to evaluate the symptomatology of BPH. Patients were examined for cardiovascular risk factors. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination for left ventricular function. A single experienced sonographer, blinded to all clinical information, assessed the common carotid artery.&nbsp;<br /> <b>Results:</b> The patients mean age was 69.32 years. The mean BMI was 28.91 kg/m². Of the total mild symptom score cases, 75 % (N=6) cases had Grade I prostatomegaly (26 – 40 cc). 98.38 % (N=61) cases had Grade II prostatomegaly (41 – 60 cc), 93.33 % (N=28) cases had Grade III prostatomegaly (&gt;60cc). A mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of 0.56 mm was found in cases having mild IPSS scores (Score 1-7), 0.73 mm was found in cases having moderate IPSS score (Score 8-19), 0.92 mm was found in cases having severe IPSS scores (Score 20-35). Significant association was present between mean BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and mean Carotid IMT with IPSS as p-value was &lt;0.05. Significant association was present between total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and prostate volume with p-value &lt;0.0001.<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> This study found that prostatic tissue had a strong relationship with carotid IMT and cardiovascular risk factors in BPH patients. These data suggest a possible link between carotid IMT and cardiovascular risk factors and BPH.","PeriodicalId":32426,"journal":{"name":"Kazakstannyn Klinikalyk Medicinasy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135259853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgment to JCMK Editorial Board and Peer-Reviewers for contribution in 2022","authors":"Laura Dybyssova","doi":"10.23950/jcmk/13015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32426,"journal":{"name":"Kazakstannyn Klinikalyk Medicinasy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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