{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132395980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.1515/9789048541430-004
Inge Melchior
The introduction introduces the question of how people that live in a society with an extremely complicated, violent past and only a short history of independence engage with the past, both within their families and as members of a national community. According to the literature, they will long for stability, a strong collective story and closure. The chapter then describes the ‘War of Monuments’; the context of insecurity in which the ethnographic fieldwork took place. Subsequently, it positions the book within the literature on the anthropology of post-communist remembering. Finally the Introduction describes which methods have been used to gather the data and it introduces the social groups the book focuses on.
{"title":"Introduction: Persisting Pasts in the Margins of Europe","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.1515/9789048541430-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048541430-004","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction introduces the question of how people that live in a society with an extremely complicated, violent past and only a short history of independence engage with the past, both within their families and as members of a national community. According to the literature, they will long for stability, a strong collective story and closure. The chapter then describes the ‘War of Monuments’; the context of insecurity in which the ethnographic fieldwork took place. Subsequently, it positions the book within the literature on the anthropology of post-communist remembering. Finally the Introduction describes which methods have been used to gather the data and it introduces the social groups the book focuses on.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130255330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postmemory:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121259408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.1017/9789048541430.006
Inge Melchior
Chapter 4 follows the postgeneration and questions what the emotional rupture narrative means to young Estonian intellectuals. Because of a ‘belated postmemory’, they encountered the still unnarrated emotions of Soviet suffering during the Singing Revolution. Moreover, they lively remember that they and their relatives have participated in the rebuilding of the nation-state. The chapter explores the moral obligations that they still experience today. Independence is not something they take for granted but a merit that needs to be cherished. Their belief in the necessity of a strong national culture for Estonia’s survival makes it difficult for these young intellectuals to criticize nationalist memory politics, especially in times of insecurity. They would not only betray their nation, but also their (grand)parents.
{"title":"Postmemory: The Inherited Obligation to Secure the Future","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.1017/9789048541430.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048541430.006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 follows the postgeneration and questions what the emotional rupture narrative means to young Estonian intellectuals. Because of a ‘belated postmemory’, they encountered the still unnarrated emotions of Soviet suffering during the Singing Revolution. Moreover, they lively remember that they and their relatives have participated in the rebuilding of the nation-state. The chapter explores the moral obligations that they still experience today. Independence is not something they take for granted but a merit that needs to be cherished. Their belief in the necessity of a strong national culture for Estonia’s survival makes it difficult for these young intellectuals to criticize nationalist memory politics, especially in times of insecurity. They would not only betray their nation, but also their (grand)parents.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126357618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.1515/9789048541430-009
Inge Melchior
Chapter 5 questions why the ‘memory activists’ are so committed to the past and what the emotional rupture narrative means to them. Their friendship ties with former nationalists and martyrs and their fears for modernity, make them long for a politically strong yet emotional history. They perceive a pluralist or settled, constructive narrative to create citizens who become unreceptive to danger. Citizens need to be prepared to fight for their nation, guarantee democracy, and ensure that history will not be repeated. Despite their seemingly radical worldview, the memory activists occupy a rather legitimized and credible position in society, due to their historical roots in human rights activism, their political ties, and the moderates among them who function as a bridge.
{"title":"5. Committed to the Past: Memory Activists in Search of Dignity and Justice","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.1515/9789048541430-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048541430-009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 questions why the ‘memory activists’ are so committed to the past and what the emotional rupture narrative means to them. Their friendship ties with former nationalists and martyrs and their fears for modernity, make them long for a politically strong yet emotional history. They perceive a pluralist or settled, constructive narrative to create citizens who become unreceptive to danger. Citizens need to be prepared to fight for their nation, guarantee democracy, and ensure that history will not be repeated. Despite their seemingly radical worldview, the memory activists occupy a rather legitimized and credible position in society, due to their historical roots in human rights activism, their political ties, and the moderates among them who function as a bridge.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124199708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 3 explores the meaning of an emotional collective story of rupture for those who have been deported to Siberia. The chapter shows that the story’s mobilization positively reframed their identities, it legally and symbolically repaired injustices, and assures a continuation of their personal stories within the community. The ethnographic approach, however, discovered the ‘paradox of the experienced’. Although this settled story of rupture has provided recognition for the deportees, it simultaneously makes them fear the loss of the authentic and real, because the postgeneration can never really understand. Due to this perceived ‘privilege of the experienced’ and ‘impossibility for representation’, the deportees avoid closure in order to keep the emotional connection with the past alive and safeguard the nation.
{"title":"Personal Memories Becoming National History","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.9","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3 explores the meaning of an emotional collective story of rupture for those who have been deported to Siberia. The chapter shows that the story’s mobilization positively reframed their identities, it legally and symbolically repaired injustices, and assures a continuation of their personal stories within the community. The ethnographic approach, however, discovered the ‘paradox of the experienced’. Although this settled story of rupture has provided recognition for the deportees, it simultaneously makes them fear the loss of the authentic and real, because the postgeneration can never really understand. Due to this perceived ‘privilege of the experienced’ and ‘impossibility for representation’, the deportees avoid closure in order to keep the emotional connection with the past alive and safeguard the nation.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122069761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 1 explores how historians, political elites, and cultural figures since the National Awakening have been involved in the writing of a ‘collective story of Estonians’. The chapter shows why ‘Estonia’s story’ has become an emotional story of rupture. The independence activists of the Singing Revolution, being non-political actors, have mobilized a sense of collective responsibility among the masses for creating and preserving the nation. As ‘a people’ they wrote a new national history, literally based on Estonians’ personal stories. Since the late 1990s, the intellectual and cultural elite increasingly voice a more open, critical narrative, while remaining loyal to the former independence activists and their family’s stories. In politics a fairly non-pluralist narrative of rupture prevails.
{"title":"Making an Emotional ‘History of the People’","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.7","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 explores how historians, political elites, and cultural figures since the National Awakening have been involved in the writing of a ‘collective story of Estonians’. The chapter shows why ‘Estonia’s story’ has become an emotional story of rupture. The independence activists of the Singing Revolution, being non-political actors, have mobilized a sense of collective responsibility among the masses for creating and preserving the nation. As ‘a people’ they wrote a new national history, literally based on Estonians’ personal stories. Since the late 1990s, the intellectual and cultural elite increasingly voice a more open, critical narrative, while remaining loyal to the former independence activists and their family’s stories. In politics a fairly non-pluralist narrative of rupture prevails.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129527961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.1515/9789048541430-011
Inge Melchior
The conclusion summarizes what a living national history is in the case of Estonia. Then it discusses the guardians of the past introduced in this book, their anxieties and dreams, and places them in wider Estonian society. All informants act in their own ways, individually and collectively, to preserve their living ties with the past. By bringing all chapters together, the conclusion shows what all social groups introduced in the book have in common: they avoid full closure through mediation and representation. They fear that this will cut the emotional connection with the past, and that the horrors of the past might repeat themselves. Putting down the battle axes does not feel right in relation to their (grand) parents.
{"title":"Conclusion: Guardians Of Living History","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.1515/9789048541430-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048541430-011","url":null,"abstract":"The conclusion summarizes what a living national history is in the case of Estonia. Then it discusses the guardians of the past introduced in this book, their anxieties and dreams, and places them in wider Estonian society. All informants act in their own ways, individually and collectively, to preserve their living ties with the past. By bringing all chapters together, the conclusion shows what all social groups introduced in the book have in common: they avoid full closure through mediation and representation. They fear that this will cut the emotional connection with the past, and that the horrors of the past might repeat themselves. Putting down the battle axes does not feel right in relation to their (grand) parents.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.1515/9789048541430-010
Inge Melchior
Chapter 6 introduces Europe as a significant Other to the stage, and with that the memory of WWII. In times of East-West memory clashes in Europe, the emotional Estonian story easily stirs up feelings of insecurity, facing the perceived hegemonic and incontestable European WWII narrative. The lack of a Holocaust memory and the memory of Estonian men in SS uniforms as freedom fighters evokes the fear of being misunderstood and subordinate within Europe. They feel torn between the moral obligations towards their (grand)parents and their wish to be seen as ‘full Europeans’. Within the European family the lack of closure and of a settled Estonian history makes the struggle with ‘European memories’ feel very unequal, painful, and vulnerable.
{"title":"6. WWII on the Periphery of Europe: A Contested Chapter","authors":"Inge Melchior","doi":"10.1515/9789048541430-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048541430-010","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 introduces Europe as a significant Other to the stage, and with that the memory of WWII. In times of East-West memory clashes in Europe, the emotional Estonian story easily stirs up feelings of insecurity, facing the perceived hegemonic and incontestable European WWII narrative. The lack of a Holocaust memory and the memory of Estonian men in SS uniforms as freedom fighters evokes the fear of being misunderstood and subordinate within Europe. They feel torn between the moral obligations towards their (grand)parents and their wish to be seen as ‘full Europeans’. Within the European family the lack of closure and of a settled Estonian history makes the struggle with ‘European memories’ feel very unequal, painful, and vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131253001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvthhckj.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324695,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Living History","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121926202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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