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Ectogenesis and the Moral Status of the Fetus 体外发育与胎儿的道德地位
Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.22713
William Simkulet
Many people believe the morality of abortion stands or falls with the moral status of the fetus.  Judith Jarvis Thomson’s violinist argument bypasses the question of fetal moral status; even if the fetus has a right to life, she argues the gestational mother has a right to disconnect herself from the fetus. However, should ectogenesis – a technology that would allow the fetus to develop outside the womb – become sufficiently advanced, the fetus would no longer need a gestational mother to live.  Recently, Joona Räsänen has argued that parents have a right to secure the death of a fetus that has been removed from the mother’s body, and that this right might extend to infanticide.  However, here I argue Räsänen’s position ignores the moral status of the fetus; if the fetus is morally comparable to beings like us, then of course parents lack a right to the death of their children.  However, if the fetus is morally comparable to a tumor, then the right to kill it is philosophically uninteresting.  
许多人认为堕胎的道德与胎儿的道德地位有关。朱迪思·贾维斯·汤姆森的小提琴家论证绕过了胎儿道德地位的问题;她认为,即使胎儿有生存的权利,怀孕的母亲也有权与胎儿断绝关系。然而,如果体外生殖——一种允许胎儿在子宫外发育的技术——变得足够先进,胎儿将不再需要孕母来生存。最近,Joona Räsänen认为,父母有权确保从母亲身体中取出的胎儿死亡,并且这项权利可能延伸到杀婴。然而,我认为Räsänen的立场忽视了胎儿的道德地位;如果胎儿在道德上与我们类似,那么父母当然没有权利要求孩子死亡。然而,如果胎儿在道德上等同于肿瘤,那么杀死它的权利在哲学上是无趣的。
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De Ethica
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