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A Textbook Problem-Solving Student Becomes Transformative Contextualized Mathematics Teacher: Journey of Learning and Teaching 从 "教科书上的问题解决者 "转变为 "情境化数学教师":学与教的旅程
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v8i1.60474
Tas Bahadur Gurung
This reflective paper portrays my personal-lived experiences via autoethnography (as a method of inquiry); Ethnodrama and narrative (as representational methods); and transformative learning theory (as a theoretical referent). Emphasis on textbook, realization, and obligation were/are the characteristics regarding my transformative journey from a textbook problem-solving mathematics student to being a contextualized mathematics teacher. As a student, the lure of scoring  marks led me towards the path of solving as many textbook problems (as possible) with the only goal to perform well in examination. While on the verge of entering the teaching profession; reflecting back to school days, made me think about the question: “Do I desire to give my prospective students (mathematics education) in the same contexts or in the same manner that I experienced during my school days?” Immediately, each time both my heart and mind used to answer, “Not really, No!” This sense of realization led me to the obligation of approaching my two years of Fellowship journey as a mathematics fellow that primarily emphasized linking mathematical contents with the local surroundings (of the learners). This study is beneficial for educators who aim to bring necessary reform regarding educational practices (particularly, in mathematics), so as to provide the outlook (to the learners) that ‘Mathematics is everywhere around the surroundings'. 
这篇反思性的论文通过自我民族志(作为一种调查方法)描绘了我的个人生活经历;民族戏剧和叙事(作为代表性方法);以及变革学习理论(作为理论参考)。在我从一个解决课本问题的数学学生到成为一名情境化数学教师的转变过程中,强调课本、实现和义务是我的特点。作为一名学生,分数的诱惑使我走上了解决尽可能多的教科书问题的道路,唯一的目标是在考试中取得好成绩。在即将进入教学行业的时候;回想起学生时代,让我思考了一个问题:“我是否希望给我未来的学生(数学教育)以我在学生时代所经历的相同背景或相同方式?”每一次,我的内心和头脑都会立刻回答:“不,不!”这种意识使我有义务以数学研究员的身份开始我两年的奖学金之旅,主要强调将数学内容与(学习者)的当地环境联系起来。这项研究有助于教育工作者对教育实践(特别是数学)进行必要的改革,从而向学习者提供“数学无处不在”的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Water Quality Monitoring of River Ganga Using Non-Linear Data Analytics 利用非线性数据分析技术监测恒河水质
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v8i1.60477
B.D.K. Patro, Shivam Sharma, Abhishek Bajpai
The Ganga River is one of India's biggest and most significant rivers, and the health and welfare of millions of people depend on the purity of its water. The traditional linear models that have been used extensively to assess water quality have limitations in their ability to capture the intricate non-linear interactions between the water quality factors. On the other hand, non-linear data analytics are able to identify these linkages and can offer more precise and trustworthy estimates of water quality. In order to monitor the River Ganga's water quality, this study suggests a non-linear data analytics approach that entails gathering and studying a significant amount of water quality data. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms traditional linear models and can provide valuable insights into the water quality of the River Ganga.
恒河是印度最大、最重要的河流之一,数百万人的健康和福祉依赖于河水的纯净。传统的线性模型被广泛用于评估水质,但在捕捉水质因素之间复杂的非线性相互作用方面存在局限性。另一方面,非线性数据分析能够识别这些联系,并可以提供更精确和可信的水质估计。为了监测恒河的水质,本研究提出了一种非线性数据分析方法,需要收集和研究大量的水质数据。结果表明,所提出的方法优于传统的线性模型,可以为恒河水质提供有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Drama-Based Pedagogy: Ways of Engaging in Mathematics Learning 基于戏剧的教学法:参与数学学习的方式
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v8i1.60377
Basanta Raj Lamihhane, Niroj Dahal, B. P. Pant
Mathematics education program always falls under public criticism because of being unable to produce desirable outcomes. From the beginning of formal mathematics education programs in Nepal, mathematics teaching-learning activities have been dominated by the informing and pouring pedagogy for preparing final examinations. Mathematics curricula, contents and pedagogical activities have not bridged the gap between official (formal) mathematics and the learners' lifeworld practices that support creating the mathematical 'Othering'. Likewise, mathematics education programs become unclaimed entity at the crossroads in which no one is willing to take sole responsibility and ownership of the programs but orienting to blame others. Such a blaming culture restrains engaged teaching-learning activities. Against this backdrop, this argumentative paper argues for incorporating the DBP in the mathematics classroom to create an engaged teaching-learning environment. We have metaphorically captured the five significant theoretical features of DBP as/for contextual learning, academic enhancement, reflective practice, agentic development and social wellbeing. Finally, we have briefly described the implications of DBP in mathematics classrooms.
数学教育方案常常因为不能产生理想的结果而受到公众的批评。从尼泊尔正式的数学教育项目开始,数学教学活动就以准备期末考试的告知和灌输教学法为主导。数学课程、内容和教学活动没有弥合官方(正式)数学与学习者生活世界实践之间的差距,而生活世界实践支持创造数学“他者”。同样,数学教育项目在十字路口成为无人认领的实体,没有人愿意对项目承担单独的责任和所有权,而是倾向于指责他人。这种指责文化限制了积极的教与学活动。在此背景下,本文主张将DBP纳入数学课堂,以创造一个参与式的教与学环境。我们隐喻地捕捉了DBP的五个重要理论特征,即语境学习、学术增强、反思性实践、代理发展和社会福祉。最后,我们简要地描述了DBP在数学课堂中的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Ways of Developing Creative Thinking and Reasoning of Students in Mathematics Learning 在数学学习中培养学生创新思维和推理能力的方法
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v8i1.60476
Sandip Dhungana, Ramesh Thapa
Reasoning skill is one of the main components of mathematical competency (NCTM, 2014). Mathematics students use mainly two types of reasoning skills namely imitative reasoning and creative reasoning in solving mathematical tasks. The textbook tasks in our context are of routine types which are solvable using imitative reasoning. Most mathematics teachers use prescribed textbooks in lesson planning and teaching (Thomson & Fleming, 2004) which ultimately promotes imitative reasoning among the students as compared to creative reasoning. Moreover, many mathematics teachers still follow the traditional chalk-and-talk banking pedagogy which does not support the enhancement of creative thinking and reasoning skills. This literature-based research study has identified some of the ways to develop the creative thinking and reasoning skills of mathematics students through the intense study of the available research articles, thesis, and books in the field of mathematical thinking and creativity. This study has found the positive impact of productive struggle and adversity quotient on students’ creative thinking and reasoning skills. Likewise, problem-posing and problem-solving skills have been found to be essential skills for enhancing creativity. This study has also found modern student-centric teaching approaches like the ADI (Argument-Driven Inquiry) approach and the RME (Realistic Mathematics Education) approach beneficial in improving reasoning skills. This study also found CMR (Creative Mathematically Founded Reasoning) tasks to be helpful in increasing the creative reasoning skills of mathematics students.
推理能力是数学能力的主要组成部分之一(NCTM, 2014)。数学学生在解决数学任务时主要使用两种推理技能,即模仿推理和创造性推理。在我们的语境中,教科书上的任务是常规类型的,可以用模仿推理来解决。大多数数学教师在课程规划和教学中使用规定的教科书(Thomson & Fleming, 2004),这最终促进了学生的模仿推理,而不是创造性推理。此外,许多数学教师仍然遵循传统的粉笔和谈话的银行教学法,这并不支持创造性思维和推理能力的提高。这项基于文献的研究通过对数学思维和创造力领域的现有研究文章、论文和书籍的深入研究,确定了一些培养数学学生创造性思维和推理能力的方法。本研究发现生产性挣扎和逆境商对学生的创造性思维和推理能力有积极的影响。同样,提出问题和解决问题的技能也被发现是提高创造力的基本技能。这项研究还发现,现代以学生为中心的教学方法,如论据驱动型探究(ADI)方法和现实数学教育(RME)方法,有利于提高推理能力。本研究还发现CMR(创造性数学基础推理)任务有助于提高数学学生的创造性推理技能。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction among School Mathematics Teachers in Nepal: Contributing and Contradicting Aspects 尼泊尔学校数学教师的自我效能感和工作满意度:尼泊尔学校数学教师的自我效能感和工作满意度:促成因素和矛盾因素
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v8i1.60475
Krishna Prasad Adhikari
The efficacy of the teachers in teaching mathematics plays a crucial role in professional development as well as satisfaction. This study explored how efficacy beliefs and the job satisfaction of teachers are interrelated. A cross-sectional survey conducted among school mathematics teachers revealed a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction. The findings of the study opened up new discourse in teachers and teaching mathematics. The findings of the study reveal that the professional development of the teachers is essential for the teachers to be motivated and satisfied in the teaching profession.  
教师的数学教学效能对专业发展和满意度起着至关重要的作用。本研究探讨效能信念与教师工作满意度的关系。一项针对学校数学教师的横断面调查显示,自我效能感与工作满意度之间存在显著的正相关关系。研究结果为教师和数学教学开辟了新的论述。研究结果表明,教师的专业发展是教师在教学职业中获得动力和满足感的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting the Achievement of Students in Mathematics 影响学生数学成绩的因素
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v8i1.60473
Dharma Datta Tiwari
 The program offered at the secondary level (specially in class 9 and 10) of Nepal requires the completion of mathematics courses. To go to science and technology subjects in class 11 and 12 as well as in university level, the students should succeed in the class 10 examination (SEE) in mathematics so that this will provide the pathway for them to be succeed in the study of university level. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the achievement of students in mathematics at secondary level. For acquiring this aim, this study has used qualitative research method for completing the entire work. The primary data for this study was collected through focus group discussion with mathematics teachers and head teachers. All secondary schools in Nepal were considered as the population of the study and selected four districts viz Chitwan, Gorkha, Makawanpur and Parsa as the first stage of sampling. In the second stage, secondary level mathematics teachers of Chitwan, Gorkha, Makawanpur and Parsa districts were taken as sampling population. Eight groups of mathematics teachers consisting of two groups from each district and two group of head teachers from Chitwan district chosen using purposive sampling method were sample for this study. The collected information was analyzed using constant comparison method of data analysis.  The results of the study showed that teachers beliefs solely not responsible for the students’ achievement in mathematics, but integrated effects of variables such as students’ factors, teachers’ factors, system factors, environmental and societal factors were the causes for the low achievements of students in SLC/SEE.
尼泊尔的中学课程(特别是9年级和10年级)要求学生完成数学课程。为了进入11年级和12年级的科学技术课程以及大学水平,学生应该在数学10年级考试(SEE)中取得成功,这样这将为他们在大学水平的学习中取得成功提供途径。本研究旨在探讨影响中学阶段学生数学成绩的因素。为了达到这一目的,本研究采用了定性研究的方法来完成整个工作。本研究的主要数据是通过与数学教师和班主任的焦点小组讨论收集的。尼泊尔的所有中学都被视为研究的人口,并选择了四个地区,即Chitwan, Gorkha, Makawanpur和Parsa作为第一阶段抽样。第二阶段以Chitwan、廓尔喀、Makawanpur和Parsa地区的中学数学教师为抽样人群。本研究采用目的抽样的方法,选取各区两组数学教师和奇旺区两组班主任共八组。对收集到的信息采用数据分析的恒定比较法进行分析。研究结果表明,教师信念对学生数学成绩的影响不是单一的,学生因素、教师因素、制度因素、环境因素和社会因素等变量的综合作用是导致学生数学成绩低下的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Does National Curriculum Fit for Working Class Children? A Gap in Math and Science Teaching 国家课程是否适合工人阶级的孩子?数学和科学教学的差距
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v7i7.54786
Shurendra Ghimire
This paper highlights the issue of imposing middle-class norms of schooling on working-class children and its consequence on low learning achievement and perpetuating socioeconomic differences in learning. A study was carried out to explore the teachers' role in contextualizing teaching in schools where students are from the working class. Math and science subjects teaching of a dozen of teachers were observed, and complemented with interview. Thus generated information was analysed in the background of the school setting, and the teachers' role as mediators between students' concrete experiences and disciplinary formal concepts of textbooks. The study suggested that teachers stressed the transmission of knowledge than mediating students' experience to formal learning; teachers' language use in the classroom is insufficient triggering students thinking and conceptualisation, meanwhile teacher preparation and development are not oriented to the contextualised and integrated teachings. Their teaching was not only problematic to achieving the national objective of education encouraging critical thinking, and developing problem-solving skills but also demanding middle-class habitus, aspirations, resourcefulness, performance, etc. in the working-class children. 
这篇论文强调了把中产阶级的学校教育规范强加给工人阶级的孩子的问题,以及它对低学习成绩和长期存在的学习上的社会经济差异的后果。本研究旨在探讨教师在工人阶级学校情境化教学中的角色。对十几名教师的数学和科学学科教学进行了观察,并辅以访谈。由此产生的信息在学校背景下进行了分析,教师在学生的具体经验和教科书的学科形式概念之间扮演了中介的角色。研究表明,教师强调知识的传递,而不是将学生的经验中介到正式学习;教师在课堂上的语言运用不足以引发学生的思考和概念化,教师的准备和发展没有以情境化和整合教学为导向。他们的教学不仅不利于实现鼓励批判性思维和培养解决问题能力的国家教育目标,而且还要求工人阶级的孩子具备中产阶级的习惯、抱负、足智多谋和表现等。
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引用次数: 0
Engaged Reading: A Pathway to Transformative Mathematics Learning 参与式阅读:通往数学转型学习的途径
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v7i7.54783
B. Lamichhane
Conventional mathematics teaching-learning activity seems unable to foster creative, critical and reflective thinking in learners because it incorporates transmissionist pedagogy. A piecemeal, linear and reductionist approach prevents holistic learning that results in the mindless replica of mathematical knowledge, facts, skills and algorithms. It has socialized the learners into non-questioning roles, helped create and maintain passive identities, germinated feeling of inferiority, and lessened self-confidence and power to control their actions. It also conceals social, cultural, historical, political, affective and spiritual dimensions of mathematics education and its interconnection to real-world problems and develops literacy for 'stupidification' so that learners remain unconscious and unaware of unjust practices, power dynamics and hegemonic ideology. In this context, this editorial explores how to unearth the aforementioned components that restrict the mathematics education within the grips of dominate power structure, hegemonic ideology and pouring pedagogy and aims to envision an alternative empowering and transformative pedagogy. I realize that engaged reading is one of the most significant contributors that liberates mathematics from the 'one-size-fits-all' pedagogy and helps develop the learners' agency so that they can become change agents. Engaged reading incorporates cognitive, affective, academic, and social aspects of learning and illustrates the political (power structure), ideological, cultural and historical embeddedness. Furthermore, this paper illuminates three interconnected roles: - engaged reading as/for critical reflective practices, engaged reading as/for agentic development and engaged reading as/for transformative learning. Finally, I briefly present the overview of the issue.
传统的数学教学活动似乎无法培养学习者的创造性、批判性和反思性思维,因为它包含了传播主义教学法。零碎的、线性的和简化的方法阻止了整体的学习,从而导致对数学知识、事实、技能和算法的盲目复制。它使学习者社会化成为不发问的角色,帮助创造和维持被动的身份,萌发自卑感,减少自信和控制自己行为的能力。它还隐藏了数学教育的社会、文化、历史、政治、情感和精神层面及其与现实世界问题的联系,并培养了“愚蠢”的素养,使学习者对不公正的做法、权力动态和霸权意识形态保持无意识和不知情。在这种背景下,这篇社论探讨了如何在主导权力结构、霸权意识形态和灌输教学法的控制下发现上述限制数学教育的因素,并旨在设想一种替代的赋权和变革教学法。我意识到,参与式阅读是将数学从“一刀切”的教学法中解放出来的最重要的贡献者之一,它有助于培养学习者的能动性,使他们成为变革的推动者。参与式阅读结合了认知、情感、学术和社会方面的学习,并说明了政治(权力结构)、意识形态、文化和历史的嵌入性。此外,本文阐明了三个相互关联的角色:作为批判性反思实践的参与式阅读,作为自主发展的参与式阅读和作为变革学习的参与式阅读。最后,我简要介绍了这个问题的概况。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical Analysis of Hemodynamic Parameters of Blood Flow in an Artery 动脉血流动力学参数的数学分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v7i7.54788
J. Kafle, Kamal Panta, Pushpa Nidhi Gautam, C. Pokharel
In blood rheology we study volume flow rate, blood pressure, velocity, viscosity and shear stress of blood. Cross-sectional area plays an important role for smooth flow of the blood. But some other parameter like composition of blood, length of vessel also affects in the flow rate and pressure of blood. Velocity and volume flow rate are derived by using Poiseuille’s equation.This work presents a mathematical model of blood flow that was created using the N-S equations and computer simulation. Graphs are used to analyze the results.
在血液流变学中,我们研究血液的体积流速、血压、流速、粘度和剪切应力。横截面积对血液的顺畅流动起着重要的作用。但其他一些参数如血液成分、血管长度也会影响血液的流速和压力。用泊泽维尔方程推导出流速和体积流速。这项工作提出了一个使用N-S方程和计算机模拟创建的血液流动数学模型。图表用来分析结果。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Advection Diffusion Equation Solutions, Observed Data, and Statistical Results 平流扩散方程解、观测数据和统计结果的比较
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mefc.v7i7.54815
P. Bhandari
In this paper, the statistical procedure is compared to the analytical solutions of an advection-diffusion equation describing air pollution spread in a limited atmospheric boundary layer from a continuous point source. The equation is formulated by assuming the eddy diffusivity and wind velocity as the constant and the power law of vertical height. It has been observed that the expected concentration for eddy diffusivity and wind velocity as constants has a worse agreement with the actual concentration than the expected concentration for wind speed and eddy diffusivity as variables.
本文将统计过程与描述空气污染从连续点源在有限大气边界层传播的平流扩散方程的解析解进行了比较。以涡旋扩散系数和风速为常数,以垂直高度为幂律,建立了方程。结果表明,以涡旋扩散率和风速为常数的期望浓度与实际浓度的吻合度较以风速和涡旋扩散率为变量的期望浓度差。
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引用次数: 0
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Mathematics Education Forum Chitwan
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