One way to improve the flexibility and robustness of a system is to enable a range of behaviours to be supported and to select that which is most appropriate to the prevailing conditions during run time. This paper considers the issue of effecting choice in a real-time context. It draws upon theory from the realm of decision analysis to decompose the selection problem and proposes a specific selection methodology that directly employs the expression of preferences in the evaluation of the alternatives available.
{"title":"A selection mechanism based upon the explicit expression of preference","authors":"N. Audsley, R. Baker","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075408","url":null,"abstract":"One way to improve the flexibility and robustness of a system is to enable a range of behaviours to be supported and to select that which is most appropriate to the prevailing conditions during run time. This paper considers the issue of effecting choice in a real-time context. It draws upon theory from the realm of decision analysis to decompose the selection problem and proposes a specific selection methodology that directly employs the expression of preferences in the evaluation of the alternatives available.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127454653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Component-based software engineering offers a way to partition complex systems into well-defined parts. Adaptation mechanisms are crucial to enable run-time reconfiguration and to increase the reuse of these parts in other applications and environments. In this paper we utilize the concept of composite components to map component parameters to different predefined internal configurations of subcomponents. The structural adaptation is thereby encapsulated and hidden from other parts of the system. Configuration variations allow to specify parameterizable configuration patterns. Some extensions to UML diagrams are introduced to model reconfiguration steps. Optional adaptation and aspect operators as additional constituents of composite components increase the flexibility of the presented approach.
{"title":"Encapsulation of structural adaptation by composite components","authors":"Steffen Göbel","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075418","url":null,"abstract":"Component-based software engineering offers a way to partition complex systems into well-defined parts. Adaptation mechanisms are crucial to enable run-time reconfiguration and to increase the reuse of these parts in other applications and environments. In this paper we utilize the concept of composite components to map component parameters to different predefined internal configurations of subcomponents. The structural adaptation is thereby encapsulated and hidden from other parts of the system. Configuration variations allow to specify parameterizable configuration patterns. Some extensions to UML diagrams are introduced to model reconfiguration steps. Optional adaptation and aspect operators as additional constituents of composite components increase the flexibility of the presented approach.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121837900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of handheld networked devices to access information systems by people moving around is spreading rapidly. Systems being used in this way typically face dynamic variation in their operating environment. In order to maintain the usability and usefulness for mobile users, self-adapting systems are needed. Self-adaptation has so far typically been applied only to mission critical systems at considerable additional cost. However, we now need ways to implement such capabilities that are affordable also in everyday systems development.In this paper we propose an approach to building such self-adapting systems where the adaptation is handled by generic middleware. The proposed approach builds on component frameworks and variability engineering to achieve adaptable systems, and property modelling, architectural reflection and context monitoring to support dynamic self-adaptation. We define a set of requirements for affordable self-adaptation and discuss the proposed approach in relation to these requirements.
{"title":"Self-adaptation for everyday systems","authors":"Svein O. Hallsteinsen, Erlend Stav, J. Floch","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075419","url":null,"abstract":"The use of handheld networked devices to access information systems by people moving around is spreading rapidly. Systems being used in this way typically face dynamic variation in their operating environment. In order to maintain the usability and usefulness for mobile users, self-adapting systems are needed. Self-adaptation has so far typically been applied only to mission critical systems at considerable additional cost. However, we now need ways to implement such capabilities that are affordable also in everyday systems development.In this paper we propose an approach to building such self-adapting systems where the adaptation is handled by generic middleware. The proposed approach builds on component frameworks and variability engineering to achieve adaptable systems, and property modelling, architectural reflection and context monitoring to support dynamic self-adaptation. We define a set of requirements for affordable self-adaptation and discuss the proposed approach in relation to these requirements.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133646518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes the RAFTING approach (Resource-based Approach to FeaTure InteractioN) to address the feature interaction problem in the context of dynamically adapted software. RAFTING focuses on the resources used by features, rather than the features themselves. Therefore, for this paper's purposes, resource contention will be considered the main cause for feature interaction. We illustrate how a resource-based approach simplifies the detection of feature interactions, particularly when a limited amount of information is known about the individual components being dynamically added to the system.
针对动态适应软件环境下的特征交互问题，提出了基于资源的特征交互方法RAFTING (Resource-based approach to FeaTure InteractioN)。RAFTING关注的是功能所使用的资源，而不是功能本身。因此，为了本文的目的，资源争用将被认为是特征交互的主要原因。我们说明了基于资源的方法如何简化特征交互的检测，特别是当动态添加到系统中的单个组件的信息数量有限时。
{"title":"Resource-based approach to feature interaction in adaptive software","authors":"J. Bisbal, B. Cheng","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075410","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the RAFTING approach (Resource-based Approach to FeaTure InteractioN) to address the feature interaction problem in the context of dynamically adapted software. RAFTING focuses on the resources used by features, rather than the features themselves. Therefore, for this paper's purposes, resource contention will be considered the main cause for feature interaction. We illustrate how a resource-based approach simplifies the detection of feature interactions, particularly when a limited amount of information is known about the individual components being dynamically added to the system.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127426353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lieven Desmet, N. Janssens, Sam Michiels, F. Piessens, W. Joosen, P. Verbaeten
Currently, paradigms such as component-based software development and service-oriented software architectures promote modularization of software systems into highly decoupled and reusable software components and services. In addition, to improve manageability and evolveability, software systems are extended with management capabilities and self-managed behavior. Because of their very nature, these self-managed software systems often are mission critical and highly available. In this paper, we focus on the complexity of preserving correctness in modularized self-managed systems. We discuss the importance of consistent software compositions in the context of self-managed systems, and the need for a correctness-preserving adaptation process. We also give a flavor of possible approaches for preserving correctness, and conclude with some remarks and open questions.
{"title":"Towards preserving correctness in self-managed software systems","authors":"Lieven Desmet, N. Janssens, Sam Michiels, F. Piessens, W. Joosen, P. Verbaeten","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075412","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, paradigms such as component-based software development and service-oriented software architectures promote modularization of software systems into highly decoupled and reusable software components and services. In addition, to improve manageability and evolveability, software systems are extended with management capabilities and self-managed behavior. Because of their very nature, these self-managed software systems often are mission critical and highly available. In this paper, we focus on the complexity of preserving correctness in modularized self-managed systems. We discuss the importance of consistent software compositions in the context of self-managed systems, and the need for a correctness-preserving adaptation process. We also give a flavor of possible approaches for preserving correctness, and conclude with some remarks and open questions.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127844234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of dependable software systems is a costly undertaking. Fault tolerance techniques as well as self-repair capabilities usually result in additional system complexity which can even spoil the intended improvement with respect to dependability. We therefore present a pattern-based approach for the design of service-based systems which enables self-managing capabilities by reusing proven fault tolerance techniques in form of Fault Tolerance Patterns. The pattern specification consists of a service-based architectural design and deployment restrictions in form of UML deployment diagrams for the different architectural services. The architectural design is reused when designing the system architecture. The deployment restrictions are employed to determine valid deployment scenarios for an application. During run-time the same restrictions are at first used to automatically map additional services on suitable nodes. If node crashes are detected, we secondly employ the restrictions to guide the self-repair of the system in such a way that only suitable repair decisions are made.
{"title":"Design of self-managing dependable systems with UML and fault tolerance patterns","authors":"M. Tichy, Daniela Schilling, H. Giese","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075426","url":null,"abstract":"The development of dependable software systems is a costly undertaking. Fault tolerance techniques as well as self-repair capabilities usually result in additional system complexity which can even spoil the intended improvement with respect to dependability. We therefore present a pattern-based approach for the design of service-based systems which enables self-managing capabilities by reusing proven fault tolerance techniques in form of Fault Tolerance Patterns. The pattern specification consists of a service-based architectural design and deployment restrictions in form of UML deployment diagrams for the different architectural services. The architectural design is reused when designing the system architecture. The deployment restrictions are employed to determine valid deployment scenarios for an application. During run-time the same restrictions are at first used to automatically map additional services on suitable nodes. If node crashes are detected, we secondly employ the restrictions to guide the self-repair of the system in such a way that only suitable repair decisions are made.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117050022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently there has been increasing interest in developing systems that can adapt dynamically to cope with changing environmental conditions and unexpected system errors. Most efforts for achieving self-adaptation have focused on the mechanisms for detecting opportunities for improvement and then taking appropriate action. However, such mechanisms beg the question: what is the system trying to achieve? In a given situation there may be many possible adaptations, and knowing which one to pick is a difficult question. In this paper we advocate the use of explicit representation of user task as a critical element in addressing this missing link.
{"title":"Task-based self-adaptation","authors":"D. Garlan, V. Poladian, B. Schmerl, J. Sousa","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075416","url":null,"abstract":"Recently there has been increasing interest in developing systems that can adapt dynamically to cope with changing environmental conditions and unexpected system errors. Most efforts for achieving self-adaptation have focused on the mechanisms for detecting opportunities for improvement and then taking appropriate action. However, such mechanisms beg the question: what is the system trying to achieve? In a given situation there may be many possible adaptations, and knowing which one to pick is a difficult question. In this paper we advocate the use of explicit representation of user task as a critical element in addressing this missing link.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131728539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous numeric prediction techniques known as model trees which build decision trees and then use linear regression at the terminal nodes are used to characterize resource consumption in a computer system. An advantage of model trees over time series and other traditional statistical models is the ability to add background knowledge to the model. Models are built using production data from several banks in collaboration with domain experts at those institutions. A demonstration of improving the models by adding background expert knowledge is given. An example of using model predictions to allow adaptive elements of an operating system to become more self-managing with respect to memory usage is also presented. Comparisons with other predictive techniques are made and advantages and disadvantages of using this technique in the operating system are discussed.
{"title":"Using model trees to characterize computer resource usage","authors":"S. Heisig, Steve Moyle","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075421","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous numeric prediction techniques known as model trees which build decision trees and then use linear regression at the terminal nodes are used to characterize resource consumption in a computer system. An advantage of model trees over time series and other traditional statistical models is the ability to add background knowledge to the model. Models are built using production data from several banks in collaboration with domain experts at those institutions. A demonstration of improving the models by adding background expert knowledge is given. An example of using model predictions to allow adaptive elements of an operating system to become more self-managing with respect to memory usage is also presented. Comparisons with other predictive techniques are made and advantages and disadvantages of using this technique in the operating system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125248833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an online control framework to design self-managing distributed computing systems that continually optimize their performance in response to changing computing demands and environmental conditions. An online control technique is used in conjunction with predictive filters to tune the performance of individual system components based on their forecast behavior. In a distributed setting, a global controller is used to manage the interaction between components such that overall system requirements are satisfied.
{"title":"A control-based framework for self-managing distributed computing systems","authors":"S. Abdelwahed, Nagarajan Kandasamy, S. Neema","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an online control framework to design self-managing distributed computing systems that continually optimize their performance in response to changing computing demands and environmental conditions. An online control technique is used in conjunction with predictive filters to tune the performance of individual system components based on their forecast behavior. In a distributed setting, a global controller is used to manage the interaction between components such that overall system requirements are satisfied.","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"30 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114006425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although each application of self-management techniques encounters problems and solutions unique to the application domain, there are several cross-cutting "patterns of self-management" that can be discerned. Much like programming patterns, these patterns can occur in a variety of different guises, but having a fundamental set of such patterns can be useful for designers beginning to design a self-managed system or to those adapting a system not previously capable of managing itself. Herein I sketch some of these patterns using an "architectural style" designed to express common element types used for self-management, such as probes, gauges, and "effectors."
{"title":"Patterns of self-management","authors":"D. Wile","doi":"10.1145/1075405.1075427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075427","url":null,"abstract":"Although each application of self-management techniques encounters problems and solutions unique to the application domain, there are several cross-cutting \"patterns of self-management\" that can be discerned. Much like programming patterns, these patterns can occur in a variety of different guises, but having a fundamental set of such patterns can be useful for designers beginning to design a self-managed system or to those adapting a system not previously capable of managing itself. Herein I sketch some of these patterns using an \"architectural style\" designed to express common element types used for self-management, such as probes, gauges, and \"effectors.\"","PeriodicalId":326554,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Self-Healing Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116886272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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