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Formulation of Anchor and Chain Specifications for Establishing Subsea Cable Burial Depth 确定海底电缆埋深锚链规范的制定
Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.3.85
Jeonghun Kim, Insik Chun, Haneul Kang
The penetration of ship anchor, which is a very important factor considered in the design stage of subsea cable burial, is highly dependent on the geometrical specifications and shapes of the anchor and chain. In order to facilitate predicting the anchor penetration depth by an arbitrary ship, formulations of the correlation between the ship mass and the existing anchor and chain specifications were attempted. In particular, for small ships with an equipment number of 40 (corresponding to DWT 90) or less, which were not covered by the existing classification data, a method for estimating the anchor mass, chain diameter, and mass per unit length was proposed.
船锚的穿深是海底电缆埋设设计阶段考虑的一个重要因素,它在很大程度上取决于锚链的几何规格和形状。为了便于预测任意船舶的锚穿深,尝试了船舶质量与现有锚链规格的相关关系式。特别针对设备编号为40(对应DWT 90)及以下的小型船舶,提出了一种现有入级数据未涵盖的锚质量、锚链直径、单位长度质量的估算方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Increasing Flow Velocity and Improving Water Quality in Dongsam Seawater Stream through Bi-directional Sluice Gates Operation and Tidal Range Drainage 双向开闸和潮差排水对东三海水流提高流速和改善水质的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.3.95
Sunghoon Hong, Seung-Nam Jin, Kyung Tae Kim, Dong-ha Kim, Jeongho Kim, Sung-Chul Jang, Hyunchul Kim, Jin Hyeok Park, H. Lim
To cope with the water pollution problem, the Dongsam seawater stream was newly renovated in 2022. For this maintenance, government constructed various facilities including electric swing sluice gates at both ends to enhance seawater exchange performance. In this regard, this study tries to quantify water velocity increment and water quality of the stream and offer suggestions for effective management. To achieve this goal, the authors performed literature review on water quality improvement, GPS buoy tracking experiments, long-term current measurement (Aquadopp), water quality monitoring, analysis of daily log data of the sluice gate. The results of this study indicate that operation of bi-directional swing sluice gates with maximum tidal range conditions can strengthen current intensity that contributes to enhance water quality of Dongsam seawater stream.
为了解决水污染问题,在2022年重新修复了东三海水流。为了进行维修,政府在两端建造了各种设施,包括电动水闸,以提高海水交换性能。因此,本研究试图量化水流速度增量和河流水质,并为有效的管理提供建议。为此,作者从水质改善、GPS浮标跟踪实验、长期测流(Aquadopp)、水质监测、水闸日日志数据分析等方面进行了文献综述。研究结果表明,在最大潮差条件下,双向摆动闸能增强水流强度,有助于改善东三海水流的水质。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Navigation Criteria of Passing Vessel for the Mooring Safety in Adjacent Berth to the Fairway 航道相邻泊位系泊安全通过船舶航行准则分析
Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.3.111
Min-Jeong Lim, Ik-Soon Cho
The ship wave generated by the passing ship can affect to the nearby berth and moored vessels. This can result in excessive motion of the moored ship and lead to the severing of mooring lines, potentially causing accidents. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of passing ships navigating through the vicinity of the berth, evaluate the risks posed to the safety of moored ship, and propose safety measures. The OPTIMOOR analysis software was utilized for the assessment, with Berth A in Ulsan Port chosen as the target. The study revealed that the speed of passing ships and the separation distance between vessels significantly influence the motion of moored ships. Considering the high-risk of Berth A due to its proximity to the fairway, proposed navigation criteria for the Ulsan Port's No.1 fairway to ensure mooring safety. It has been determined that passing ships in the vicinity of Berth A should maintain a proper speed less than 8 knots, or navigate at a distance of more than 200 meters away from the dock. This study can contribute to decision-making and the establishment of safety measures in berth and fairway design.
过往船舶所产生的船波会对附近的泊位和系泊船舶产生影响。这可能导致系泊船的过度运动,并导致系泊线的切断,潜在地造成事故。本研究的目的是分析过往船舶在泊位附近航行的影响,评估对系泊船舶安全造成的风险,并提出安全措施。利用OPTIMOOR分析软件进行评价,以蔚山港A泊位为研究对象。研究表明,通过船舶的速度和船舶之间的距离对系泊船舶的运动有显著影响。考虑到A泊位靠近航道的危险性,制定了蔚山港1号航道的航行标准,以确保系泊安全。通过A泊位附近的船舶应保持低于8节的适当航速,或在距离码头200米以上的距离上航行。研究结果可为泊位和航道设计的决策和安全措施的制定提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Holding Capacity of Suction Anchor in Cohesive Soils based on Soil-Spring Model 基于土-弹簧模型的粘性土吸力锚承载力研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.2.65
O. Kwon, Haeyong Park, Hyoun Kang, M. Oh
In this paper, a soil-spring model was applied to evaluate the holding capacity according to the loading position of the suction anchor. The API(2010) method, which is mainly applied to small-diameter piles, the PISA(2015) method, which recently introduced research results in offshore wind power design, and the Jeanjean(2009) method, which was presented as a model suitable for large-diameter piles in cohesive soil, were analyzed. A comparative review of the finite element analysis(ALE) was applied was performed for the conditions. A procedure for calculating the holding capacities for each loading position of the suction anchor was established using the soil-spring model, and it was confirmed that it was a method that could be used practically. When the soil-spring model of Jeanjean(2009) was applied, the results (5~10%) most similar to the FEM(ALE) analysis results in tendency and holding capacity could be obtained.
本文根据吸力锚的加载位置,采用土-弹簧模型对其承载力进行了评价。分析了主要应用于小直径桩的API(2010)方法、近年来在海上风电设计中引入研究成果的PISA(2015)方法,以及作为适用于粘性土中大直径桩的模型而提出的Jeanjean(2009)方法。采用有限元分析(ALE)进行了对比分析。采用土-弹簧模型建立了吸力锚杆各加载位置承载力的计算方法,并验证了该方法的实用性。采用Jeanjean(2009)的土-弹簧模型,得到的结果(5% ~10%)与FEM(ALE)分析结果在倾向性和持水能力上最接近。
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引用次数: 0
Fundamental Study on the Application of Oyster Shell as an Aggregate for Concrete in Coastal/Marine Structures 牡蛎壳作为混凝土集料在海岸/海洋结构中的应用基础研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.2.73
Choonghyun Kang, Sungnam Hong, Seung-Chul Seo, Woo-Dong Lee
This study uses oyster shells as an aggregate substitute for marine concrete structures. The initial strength of concrete according to the proper particle size composition of the crushed oyster shell was experimentally analyzed. The particle size of the crushed oyster shell obtained through the shredder is out of the range of general aggregates' standard particle size curve because the ratio of 5 mm or less exceeds 50%. It was confirmed that if less than 5 mm was left abroad, it was within the range of the standard particle size curve, and only these were applied as thick aggregate substitutes. The crushed oyster shells impair workability due to their relatively high absorption rate. This study attempted to overcome poor workability by using two methods: using the crushed oyster shells in a saturated-surface-dry (SSD) state and adding an air entraining agent (AE). The SSD case showed that the slump increased, but the strength decreased by about 40%. The AE added case showed a slight decrease in strength while the slump more than doubled.
本研究使用牡蛎壳作为海洋混凝土结构的骨料替代品。实验分析了牡蛎壳碎料按适当粒度组成对混凝土初始强度的影响。通过碎纸机得到的碎牡蛎壳的粒度超出了一般骨料的标准粒度曲线范围,因为5毫米以下的比例超过了50%。经确认,如果在国外残留小于5mm,则在标准粒度曲线范围内,只有这些才被用作厚集料替代品。破碎的牡蛎壳由于其相对较高的吸收率而影响了可加工性。本研究试图通过两种方法来克服易加工性差的问题,即在饱和表面干燥(SSD)状态下使用破碎的牡蛎壳和添加空气诱导剂(AE)。固态硬盘的情况下,暴跌增加,但强度下降约40%。AE增加的情况下,强度略有下降,但暴跌幅度增加了一倍以上。
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引用次数: 0
Long Wave Induced Monopolar Vortex: Additional Large Eddy Simulation Case 长波诱导单极涡:附加大涡模拟案例
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.2.57
Y. Kim
An additional 3D large eddy simulation with a slightly different surface tension coefficient is carried out to study the detailed flow and turbulence characteristics of a long wave induced shallow water monopolar vortex. The numerical model adopted in this study is interDyMFoam, developed based on an OpenFOAM framework. The numerical model solves filtered Navier-Stokes equations for two immiscible fluids (air, water) with a standard Smagorinsky closure. In addition to the previous model results, newly obtained instantaneous model results are used to increase a number of realizations for ensemble averaging to reach more statistically converged results. The validation quality obtained in this study is shown to be similar to that from the previous simulation results in the low-pass filtered free surface elevation and horizontal component of velocity.
为了研究长波诱导的浅水单极涡的详细流动和湍流特性,进行了表面张力系数略有不同的三维大涡模拟。本研究采用的数值模型是基于OpenFOAM框架开发的interDyMFoam。该数值模型用标准Smagorinsky闭包求解两种非混相流体(空气、水)的过滤Navier-Stokes方程。在原有模型结果的基础上,利用新获得的瞬时模型结果,增加了集合平均的实现数量,以获得统计上更收敛的结果。在低通滤波后的自由地表高程和速度的水平分量上,本研究得到的验证质量与之前的模拟结果相似。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Analysis for Estimating Penetration Depth by Ship-dragged Fluke Anchor 船拖吸片锚穿深估算的数值分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.2.45
Haneul Kang, Jeonghun Kim, Insik Chun
Anchor penetration by ship anchoring is emerging as a major risk factor for submarine cable. A numerical analysis method was established to predict the anchor penetration depth by ship-dragged fluke anchor in relation to setting the optimal burial depth of submarine cable. The soil resisting forces (bearing force, friction force) generated during the anchor penetration process were calculated for each of the fluke, shank and mooring chain of the anchor. The results of the numerical analysis were compared with the existing chart values of Vryhof (2015). It was found that it is desirable to use the force coefficients of strip foundation for the fluke and shank, and the force coefficients of a single vertical pile for mooring chain. The numerical analysis well reproduced the penetration trajectory in which the inclination angle of the lower surface of fluke gradually converged to zero.
船舶锚泊穿锚已成为海底电缆的主要风险因素。建立了一种预测船拖锚贯入深度的数值分析方法,并与海底电缆最佳埋深的确定相关联。计算锚杆锚爪、锚杆杆和锚链在锚杆穿入过程中产生的土体阻力(承受力、摩擦力)。将数值分析结果与Vryhof(2015)现有的图表值进行比较。计算结果表明,对于锚杆和尾板采用条形基础的力系数,锚链采用单桩的力系数是比较理想的。数值分析较好地再现了吸片下表面倾角逐渐趋近于零的侵彻轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of Displacement Measurement System with Marker and Fixed Vision Sensor on Port Structures 基于标记和固定视觉传感器的港口结构位移测量系统性能评价
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.1.13
Jiyoung Min, Ryulri Kim, H. Jeon
This study focused on the measurement of displacement on port structures with the combination of a marker and a vision sensor installed on the fixed location. The proposed algorithm optimizes the intrinsic parameters of the vision sensor using genetic algorithm and then measures the 6-DOF displacement automatically tracking feature points on the marker extracted through the image process. Experimental studies were carried out by using a general IP camera and a marker including 12 feature points. The distance between the camera and the marker was 10 m. Several types of displacements were induced with the precise motion stage, and the results showed that the measurement errors might be reasonable less than 3.5% in rotation and 4.0% in translation. This system was applied on the lock gate located in Incheon port, which corresponds to Type 1 facilities in Korea. The same camera was fixed at 24 m from the marker and the marker was moved by controlling the precise motion stage. The errors of measurements were less than 1 mm and 0.5 degrees, which were precise and accurate enough to evaluate the displacement in the field considering the present evaluation standard for drift, settlement, and slope on port facilities.
本研究主要针对港口结构位移的测量,采用在固定位置安装标记与视觉传感器相结合的方法。该算法利用遗传算法对视觉传感器的固有参数进行优化,然后通过图像处理提取的标记物上的特征点自动跟踪测量6自由度位移。实验研究采用普通IP摄像机和包含12个特征点的标记进行。相机与标记之间的距离为10米。利用精确的运动阶段诱导了几种类型的位移,结果表明,旋转测量误差小于3.5%,平移测量误差小于4.0%,是合理的。在相当于国内第1类设施的仁川港的船闸上也采用了该系统。同一台摄像机固定在距离标记点24 m处,通过控制精确运动台移动标记点。测量误差小于1 mm,误差小于0.5°,考虑到目前港口设施的漂移、沉降和坡度评价标准,测量精度和准确度足以在现场对位移进行评价。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a typhoon wave overtopping prediction model based on an artificial neural network 基于人工神经网络的台风波浪过顶预测模型的建立
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.1.25
Seung-woo Kim, H. Lee, Hyukjin Choi
In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the typhoon wave overtopping was developed using the database by a numerical wave flume simulation. The developed ANN model is effective for saving calculation time largely. The accuracy of the model is also approached to over 95% of the numerical simulation. This accuracy was evaluated by the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error with the target data of the numerical simulation and output of the ANN model. This model quickly produces the mean wave overtopping rate, maximum wave run-up height, maximum wave overtopping depth and velocity at the middle point in the coastal road without high-fidelity numerical model and high-computing resources. It means that the typhoon warning system including the ANN models is powerful and useful rather than only the monitoring warning system currently in use.
本文利用该数据库,通过波浪水槽数值模拟,建立了台风波浪超顶的人工神经网络(ANN)模型。所建立的人工神经网络模型大大节省了计算时间。模型的精度也接近数值模拟的95%以上。通过与数值模拟目标数据和人工神经网络模型输出结果的相关系数和均方根误差来评价其精度。该模型在不需要高保真数值模型和高计算资源的情况下,可以快速得出海岸道路中点的平均浪过顶率、最大浪高、最大浪过顶深度和速度。这意味着包括人工神经网络模型在内的台风预警系统比目前使用的仅仅是监测预警系统更强大和有用。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Online-learning based Adaptive Anomaly Detection Algorithm for Monitoring Data Analysis on Caisson Type Breakwater 基于在线学习的沉箱式防波堤监测数据分析自适应异常检测算法的开发
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.1.1
Seung-Seop Jin, Jiyoung Min, Young-Taek Kim, Ryulri Kim
Most port structures are massive and data measured on them sensitively changes to the surrounding environment including sea waves, tides, wind, and other operational conditions so it might be difficult to extract and long-term monitor their own features such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. To solve this problem, an anomaly detection algorithm with online learning was developed for the analysis of monitoring data on the port structures. For this, data were first measured on a 1/50 scaled model of caisson type breakwater through hydraulic model experiments, and the characteristics of data were investigated. Then an unsupervised algorithm was developed to online detect abnormal conditions caused by the drift, which can track the reconstruction error from the principal component analysis and the Euclidean distance between original and reconstructed signals. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm could be successfully applied to time-dependent dataset shifts with high accuracy and automatically calculate the threshold based on the adaptive model.
大多数港口结构都是巨大的,在其上测量的数据会随着周围环境(包括海浪、潮汐、风和其他操作条件)的敏感变化而变化,因此可能难以提取和长期监测其自身特征(如固有频率和模态振型)。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于在线学习的港口结构监测数据分析异常检测算法。为此,首先在1/50比例的沉箱式防波堤模型上进行了水力模型试验,并对数据特性进行了研究。在此基础上,提出了一种基于主成分分析和原始信号与重构信号之间欧氏距离的无监督在线检测漂移引起的异常情况的算法。实验结果表明,该算法能够成功地应用于时变数据偏移,并能基于自适应模型自动计算阈值。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Korea Society of Coastal Disaster Prevention
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