Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch005
Victor Mawutor Agbo
Conventional tourism and its attendant challenges for nature and communities have necessitated the need for tourism to be more sustainable, equitable, and responsible, hence the introduction of community-based tourism (CBT). CBT was developed as a model and a viable instrument for poverty reduction, offering opportunities for conservation and rural economic development. However, despite the potential of CBT to generate welfare for communities, many initiatives have failed to deliver on their promises. Since tourism and justice issues cannot be separated from each other, concerns over the discussion of justice related issues have emerged as a community concept which requires critical investigation. This chapter presents a theoretical exploration of how justice is conceptualized, with an emphasis on distributive justice in the context of CBT, and how it is shaping the production of CBT. It also explores some critical approaches to tourism studies and practice and how justice for local communities is conceptualized in CBT contexts.
{"title":"Distributive Justice Issues in Community-Based Tourism","authors":"Victor Mawutor Agbo","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional tourism and its attendant challenges for nature and communities have necessitated the need for tourism to be more sustainable, equitable, and responsible, hence the introduction of community-based tourism (CBT). CBT was developed as a model and a viable instrument for poverty reduction, offering opportunities for conservation and rural economic development. However, despite the potential of CBT to generate welfare for communities, many initiatives have failed to deliver on their promises. Since tourism and justice issues cannot be separated from each other, concerns over the discussion of justice related issues have emerged as a community concept which requires critical investigation. This chapter presents a theoretical exploration of how justice is conceptualized, with an emphasis on distributive justice in the context of CBT, and how it is shaping the production of CBT. It also explores some critical approaches to tourism studies and practice and how justice for local communities is conceptualized in CBT contexts.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121328034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch001
Ewoenam Afenyo-Agbe, Ishmael Mensah
Though CBT is an attractive model for the attainment of both community development and environmental conservation, its implementation is fraught with challenges. This chapter examines the principles, forms, barriers, and challenges to CBT. The chapter further proposes a model for the achievement of sustainable CBT and draws implications from the barriers and benefits for the management of CBT. The chapter begins with an explanation of the community concept which is defined in the context of community-based tourism. It continues with a review of some models of community participation. The chapter further assesses the rationale for community participation and examines the forms of CBT. Though community participation remains a good model for tourism development at the community level, there are several limitations that make the benefits unachievable, especially in developing countries. The chapter ends by proposing a model of sustainable CBT by drawing implications for the management of CBT projects.
{"title":"Principles, Benefits, and Barriers to Community-Based Tourism","authors":"Ewoenam Afenyo-Agbe, Ishmael Mensah","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Though CBT is an attractive model for the attainment of both community development and environmental conservation, its implementation is fraught with challenges. This chapter examines the principles, forms, barriers, and challenges to CBT. The chapter further proposes a model for the achievement of sustainable CBT and draws implications from the barriers and benefits for the management of CBT. The chapter begins with an explanation of the community concept which is defined in the context of community-based tourism. It continues with a review of some models of community participation. The chapter further assesses the rationale for community participation and examines the forms of CBT. Though community participation remains a good model for tourism development at the community level, there are several limitations that make the benefits unachievable, especially in developing countries. The chapter ends by proposing a model of sustainable CBT by drawing implications for the management of CBT projects.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130818009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch006
Saranjam Baig, Arifa Shabbnum, A. Arslan
Cultural tourism is an increasingly visible trend in the tourism industry. The chapter is one of the first academic studies to specifically analyze the possible impacts of cultural tourism on the local culture itself and the wellbeing of the host community while highlighting cultural conservation as a mediator. The study utilizes primary data collected from rural areas in the Himalayan Gilgit Baltistan region in Northern Pakistan. This region has experienced a significant rise in cultural tourism due to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). As a result, there has been a significant and visible development of touristic facilities in the region. Hence, there is a visible shift from earlier tourism, which was mostly linked to mountaineering adventure, to more relatively mass cultural tourism. The results suggest that cultural conservation serves as a partial mediator and that cultural tourism tends to positively and significantly influence the host community's wellbeing, and cultural conservation partially mediates this relationship.
{"title":"Cultural Tourism and the Wellbeing of Local Citizens","authors":"Saranjam Baig, Arifa Shabbnum, A. Arslan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural tourism is an increasingly visible trend in the tourism industry. The chapter is one of the first academic studies to specifically analyze the possible impacts of cultural tourism on the local culture itself and the wellbeing of the host community while highlighting cultural conservation as a mediator. The study utilizes primary data collected from rural areas in the Himalayan Gilgit Baltistan region in Northern Pakistan. This region has experienced a significant rise in cultural tourism due to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). As a result, there has been a significant and visible development of touristic facilities in the region. Hence, there is a visible shift from earlier tourism, which was mostly linked to mountaineering adventure, to more relatively mass cultural tourism. The results suggest that cultural conservation serves as a partial mediator and that cultural tourism tends to positively and significantly influence the host community's wellbeing, and cultural conservation partially mediates this relationship.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121496456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch003
J. Ayorekire, Francisco M. P. Mugizi, J. Obua, Grace Ampaire
Uganda is among the most bio-diverse countries and a competitive wildlife-based tourism destination in the world. Community-based tourism approach has been adopted in the country's conservation areas as a strategy to ensure that local communities benefit and support wildlife conservation. This chapter analyses local communities' perceptions of conservation and the benefits they get from tourism in Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. The study reveals that local communities were concerned about loss of protected resources and support their conservation irrespective of the benefits they get from tourism in the conservation area. There is need to design conservation programmes that focus on local community-conservation-benefits nexus which take into consideration the perceived conservation values, strategies for benefit sharing and incorporation of indigenous knowledge systems.
{"title":"Community-Based Tourism and Local People's Perceptions Towards Conservation","authors":"J. Ayorekire, Francisco M. P. Mugizi, J. Obua, Grace Ampaire","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"Uganda is among the most bio-diverse countries and a competitive wildlife-based tourism destination in the world. Community-based tourism approach has been adopted in the country's conservation areas as a strategy to ensure that local communities benefit and support wildlife conservation. This chapter analyses local communities' perceptions of conservation and the benefits they get from tourism in Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. The study reveals that local communities were concerned about loss of protected resources and support their conservation irrespective of the benefits they get from tourism in the conservation area. There is need to design conservation programmes that focus on local community-conservation-benefits nexus which take into consideration the perceived conservation values, strategies for benefit sharing and incorporation of indigenous knowledge systems.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch008
N. J. Ngowi
The approaches to natural resources management have evolved. Disparities in their adoption are likely to produce a long-lasting negative impact on the resources and the livelihood security of the community depending on them. The use of geoinformation by the local community is a critical measure to the sustainability of its resources. Nonetheless, the application of geoinformation technologies to the community-based natural resources for the tourism industry is highly unknown. This chapter reviewed the application of geoinformation technology to the management of community-based natural resources in the Pangani District of Northern Tanzania. It considers how geoinformation technology is used in the management of tourism activities for community development. Specifically, the chapter discusses community developments resulting from that as well as challenges associated with the use of geographical information systems and remote sensing technologies. The chapter concludes with key recommendations for improving those challenges.
{"title":"Application of Geoinformation Technology to the Management of Community-Based Natural Resources for Tourism Development in Northern Tanzania","authors":"N. J. Ngowi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"The approaches to natural resources management have evolved. Disparities in their adoption are likely to produce a long-lasting negative impact on the resources and the livelihood security of the community depending on them. The use of geoinformation by the local community is a critical measure to the sustainability of its resources. Nonetheless, the application of geoinformation technologies to the community-based natural resources for the tourism industry is highly unknown. This chapter reviewed the application of geoinformation technology to the management of community-based natural resources in the Pangani District of Northern Tanzania. It considers how geoinformation technology is used in the management of tourism activities for community development. Specifically, the chapter discusses community developments resulting from that as well as challenges associated with the use of geographical information systems and remote sensing technologies. The chapter concludes with key recommendations for improving those challenges.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120950360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch002
O. Fagbolu
Many Nigerians are unemployed and live in extreme poverty. The Nigerian government has therefore identified tourism as one of the promising sectors in its efforts to diversify the economy from the oil sector. CBT which is a kind of tourism that encourages environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability in communities could be a good model for addressing the socio-economic challenges confronting Nigeria. Based on literature derived from JSTOR, Google Scholar, and Emerald, this chapter draws implications from the inclusive pro-poor tourism planning in Uganda for CBT development in Nigeria.
{"title":"Implications of the Inclusive Pro-Poor Tourism Planning in Uganda for Strategic Planning for Community-Based Tourism Development in Nigeria","authors":"O. Fagbolu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Many Nigerians are unemployed and live in extreme poverty. The Nigerian government has therefore identified tourism as one of the promising sectors in its efforts to diversify the economy from the oil sector. CBT which is a kind of tourism that encourages environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability in communities could be a good model for addressing the socio-economic challenges confronting Nigeria. Based on literature derived from JSTOR, Google Scholar, and Emerald, this chapter draws implications from the inclusive pro-poor tourism planning in Uganda for CBT development in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117233497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch004
Ama Amponsaa Birch Freeman, Ishmael Mensah, K. Antwi
Participatory development has become an integral strategy for achieving sustainable tourism in view of the varying impacts brought by mass tourism. Community participation ensures local control of the pace of tourism development and the creation of a more personalised tourism product. However, some studies have stated tension between governments and locals, which has hindered tourism development. This study, thus, sought to explore the extent to which communities are involved in decision-making and how useful the outcome has been. To achieve the study objectives, two tourism sites in Ghana implemented based on participatory principles, namely Kakum National Park and Afadjato Mountain, were compared. Results of the study suggest there is a fair degree of community involvement at the Gbledi Traditional Area (Afadjato) leading to satisfaction (smiling-faces), rather than Abrafo-Odumase (Kakum), which exhibited dissatisfaction (frowning-faces). The policy and research implications relate mainly to the challenge of achieving sustainable tourism development at the community level.
{"title":"Smiling vs. Frowning Faces","authors":"Ama Amponsaa Birch Freeman, Ishmael Mensah, K. Antwi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory development has become an integral strategy for achieving sustainable tourism in view of the varying impacts brought by mass tourism. Community participation ensures local control of the pace of tourism development and the creation of a more personalised tourism product. However, some studies have stated tension between governments and locals, which has hindered tourism development. This study, thus, sought to explore the extent to which communities are involved in decision-making and how useful the outcome has been. To achieve the study objectives, two tourism sites in Ghana implemented based on participatory principles, namely Kakum National Park and Afadjato Mountain, were compared. Results of the study suggest there is a fair degree of community involvement at the Gbledi Traditional Area (Afadjato) leading to satisfaction (smiling-faces), rather than Abrafo-Odumase (Kakum), which exhibited dissatisfaction (frowning-faces). The policy and research implications relate mainly to the challenge of achieving sustainable tourism development at the community level.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129075859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch007
Narongdej Phanthaphoommee, Singhanat Nomnian
English has not only become a lingua franca for global communication, but it also carries a symbolic power that influences local people and stakeholders in community-based tourism (CBT) in Thailand. Thai villagers encounter communicative challenges due to their limited English proficiency. Thai-English speaking tour guides are valued, as they provide translation services on behalf of CBT members whose interactions with foreign tourists are minimal and marginalized. Losses in translation regarding local wisdom and heritage are inevitably unavoidable. This chapter addresses a conceptual model of crowdsourcing translation for CBT. The study hopes that the sociolinguistic and cultural gaps can be bridged for the enhancement of other CBT communities. Crowdsourcing in the form of collaborative translation and volunteering translators' efforts can potentially provide an alternative lens for possible translation scenarios. Tourism operators and stakeholders can apply these practices to assist the local people to promote lesser-known tourist attractions in remote areas in Thailand.
{"title":"Crowdsourcing Translation for Community-Based Tourism Empowerment in Thailand","authors":"Narongdej Phanthaphoommee, Singhanat Nomnian","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7335-8.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"English has not only become a lingua franca for global communication, but it also carries a symbolic power that influences local people and stakeholders in community-based tourism (CBT) in Thailand. Thai villagers encounter communicative challenges due to their limited English proficiency. Thai-English speaking tour guides are valued, as they provide translation services on behalf of CBT members whose interactions with foreign tourists are minimal and marginalized. Losses in translation regarding local wisdom and heritage are inevitably unavoidable. This chapter addresses a conceptual model of crowdsourcing translation for CBT. The study hopes that the sociolinguistic and cultural gaps can be bridged for the enhancement of other CBT communities. Crowdsourcing in the form of collaborative translation and volunteering translators' efforts can potentially provide an alternative lens for possible translation scenarios. Tourism operators and stakeholders can apply these practices to assist the local people to promote lesser-known tourist attractions in remote areas in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":327047,"journal":{"name":"Prospects and Challenges of Community-Based Tourism and Changing Demographics","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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