Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972614
L. Ruieneanu
Usually carbon capture and storage is considered an alternative to the introduction of renewable energy sources. However by their high energy consumption, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems have the capacity to contribute to the necessary power reserves for the compensation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), by decreasing the power injected by the conventional power plants. If the CCS system has a continuous operation, the conventional power plant has a smaller capacity to compensate RES. Admitting a discharge of the CO2 emissions into the atmosphere only for the periods when power injected by RES is very low (under 30 % of the installed power for our example) CCS might also be regarded as an important method for the integration of RES. With this hypothesis the quota of the electrical energy generated by RES (in our example) could be extended to 60 % (the double of the EU 2020 target). This value could increase even more if cogeneration or trigeneration plants are used in parallel with RES.
{"title":"The potential of carbon capture and storage as a tool for the integration of RES","authors":"L. Ruieneanu","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972614","url":null,"abstract":"Usually carbon capture and storage is considered an alternative to the introduction of renewable energy sources. However by their high energy consumption, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems have the capacity to contribute to the necessary power reserves for the compensation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), by decreasing the power injected by the conventional power plants. If the CCS system has a continuous operation, the conventional power plant has a smaller capacity to compensate RES. Admitting a discharge of the CO2 emissions into the atmosphere only for the periods when power injected by RES is very low (under 30 % of the installed power for our example) CCS might also be regarded as an important method for the integration of RES. With this hypothesis the quota of the electrical energy generated by RES (in our example) could be extended to 60 % (the double of the EU 2020 target). This value could increase even more if cogeneration or trigeneration plants are used in parallel with RES.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115207028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972599
A. Dolan, Florian Stefanescu
The Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system is a modern and expensive technique for storage of electricity through the magnetic energy in superconducting short-circuited coil. An optimized configuration must reduce as much as possible the volume of the superconducting material. In this paper is proposed an optimized solution of modular toroid coil geometry of SMES device using design of experiments (DOE) and finite element method (FEM). DOE is a rational realization of a series of real experiments a priori expensive and therefore it fits to the electromagnetic simulations (virtual experiments). Applied to the electrical systems modeled by FEM, it becomes a basic tool for optimization problems. Two geometric parameters characterizing the torus shape were chosen to determine the optimal configuration of the coil geometry of a SMES device for an optimized storage capacity. The ratio of maximum stored magnetic energy and the minimum volume of superconducting material was set as objective function. To solve it, the method of zooms without computation of models was used. The 2-D FEM implementation uses an equivalent rectangular cross section toroid, conserving the inductance of the system. The optimization results are obtained with less than 1% error. Comparison with previous numerical tests was made.
{"title":"Optimization of modular toroid coil geometry of a superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage device using design of experiments and FEM","authors":"A. Dolan, Florian Stefanescu","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972599","url":null,"abstract":"The Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system is a modern and expensive technique for storage of electricity through the magnetic energy in superconducting short-circuited coil. An optimized configuration must reduce as much as possible the volume of the superconducting material. In this paper is proposed an optimized solution of modular toroid coil geometry of SMES device using design of experiments (DOE) and finite element method (FEM). DOE is a rational realization of a series of real experiments a priori expensive and therefore it fits to the electromagnetic simulations (virtual experiments). Applied to the electrical systems modeled by FEM, it becomes a basic tool for optimization problems. Two geometric parameters characterizing the torus shape were chosen to determine the optimal configuration of the coil geometry of a SMES device for an optimized storage capacity. The ratio of maximum stored magnetic energy and the minimum volume of superconducting material was set as objective function. To solve it, the method of zooms without computation of models was used. The 2-D FEM implementation uses an equivalent rectangular cross section toroid, conserving the inductance of the system. The optimization results are obtained with less than 1% error. Comparison with previous numerical tests was made.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129991312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972665
M. Duta, V. Voicu, M. Niţu, S. Andreescu, D. Iovan
This article proposes the research and simulation of general bars of medium voltage metal enclosed switchgear, made of aluminum round bar with copper contacts, with a view to finding a similar or even more convenient solution than that of copper bars, both from a technical and economic point of view. The objective is heat distribution for current passing, in the bar and especially in contacts, under normal regime and under short-circuit regime. After simulations under normal regime, a uniform distribution of the temperature which does not exceed the imposed limits was obtained, and under short-circuit the distribution of the thermal field in the contacts area revealed the fact that the obtained thermal values do not exceed the limits provided in the specialty literature for the electrotechnical aluminum under short-circuit.
{"title":"Constructive solutions for achieving paths of current from aluminum round bars with copper contacts","authors":"M. Duta, V. Voicu, M. Niţu, S. Andreescu, D. Iovan","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972665","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the research and simulation of general bars of medium voltage metal enclosed switchgear, made of aluminum round bar with copper contacts, with a view to finding a similar or even more convenient solution than that of copper bars, both from a technical and economic point of view. The objective is heat distribution for current passing, in the bar and especially in contacts, under normal regime and under short-circuit regime. After simulations under normal regime, a uniform distribution of the temperature which does not exceed the imposed limits was obtained, and under short-circuit the distribution of the thermal field in the contacts area revealed the fact that the obtained thermal values do not exceed the limits provided in the specialty literature for the electrotechnical aluminum under short-circuit.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124649957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972621
Marinel Popescu, I. Mihalcea, T. Popa
The trends to improve the performances of the classic instrument transformers were oriented to introduce new materials, components and methods in the design, manufacturing and operation. The paper presents some technical solutions adopted to integrate a current instrument transformer into measuring system at medium voltage. The transformer uses a fiber optic link to send the measuring signal from the medium voltage point to the monitoring point. Also, the solutions for the limiting and protection of inputs of the transformer unit against accidental overvoltage are presented. On the monitoring side, the measuring signal is converted from voltage signal to current signal which flows through an ammeter or a current loop for remote control and telemetry. Also, the analog to digital conversion is possible to send the result of measurement at the master monitoring system. Finally, the waveforms, recorded during the performed tests, are presented.
{"title":"The integration of current instrument transformers, with optic transmitting of information, into actual measuring systems","authors":"Marinel Popescu, I. Mihalcea, T. Popa","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972621","url":null,"abstract":"The trends to improve the performances of the classic instrument transformers were oriented to introduce new materials, components and methods in the design, manufacturing and operation. The paper presents some technical solutions adopted to integrate a current instrument transformer into measuring system at medium voltage. The transformer uses a fiber optic link to send the measuring signal from the medium voltage point to the monitoring point. Also, the solutions for the limiting and protection of inputs of the transformer unit against accidental overvoltage are presented. On the monitoring side, the measuring signal is converted from voltage signal to current signal which flows through an ammeter or a current loop for remote control and telemetry. Also, the analog to digital conversion is possible to send the result of measurement at the master monitoring system. Finally, the waveforms, recorded during the performed tests, are presented.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126177680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972628
A. Duinea, P. Mircea
The paper presents the importance of the steam generator in the operation of power plants, stressing the importance of their management and automation to increase energy efficiency of each link in the chain. It presents mathematical model in absolute units from the air preheater. Modelling is based on physical model of the air preheater steam generator, simplifying assumptions adopted and the conservation equation of energy. The block diagrams are presented variation curves obtained and output data. The theoretical model proposed is implemented in Matlab-Simulink obtained simulations for the air preheater in dynamic regime.
{"title":"Model in absolute units of the air preheater for operation simulation of high power steam generator","authors":"A. Duinea, P. Mircea","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972628","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the importance of the steam generator in the operation of power plants, stressing the importance of their management and automation to increase energy efficiency of each link in the chain. It presents mathematical model in absolute units from the air preheater. Modelling is based on physical model of the air preheater steam generator, simplifying assumptions adopted and the conservation equation of energy. The block diagrams are presented variation curves obtained and output data. The theoretical model proposed is implemented in Matlab-Simulink obtained simulations for the air preheater in dynamic regime.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132302141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972603
A. Neaca, M. I. Neacă
We have been listening for a long time to the wide functionality that industrial automation technologies can offer for improving the processes and adding security to the plants and the parts of them. However the price and an unstable market have restricted the deployment of such systems. Nowadays, companies offer too technology-dependent solutions which do not cover user demands completely. Meanwhile, papers from the literature focus on small innovations on specific parts of the industrial automation systems, which do not consider integration and deployment issues, in order to present practical designs [1]. The system presented in this work considers user requirements, including novel advances, all in an integral automation solution suitable for thermal treatments. The modular nature of the architecture allows direct adaptation to specific cases using standard technologies, and a proposal of an IP-based network for connecting the main automation module with the rest of plant.
{"title":"Real-time automated control of a resistive furnace","authors":"A. Neaca, M. I. Neacă","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972603","url":null,"abstract":"We have been listening for a long time to the wide functionality that industrial automation technologies can offer for improving the processes and adding security to the plants and the parts of them. However the price and an unstable market have restricted the deployment of such systems. Nowadays, companies offer too technology-dependent solutions which do not cover user demands completely. Meanwhile, papers from the literature focus on small innovations on specific parts of the industrial automation systems, which do not consider integration and deployment issues, in order to present practical designs [1]. The system presented in this work considers user requirements, including novel advances, all in an integral automation solution suitable for thermal treatments. The modular nature of the architecture allows direct adaptation to specific cases using standard technologies, and a proposal of an IP-based network for connecting the main automation module with the rest of plant.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972679
E. Spunei, I. Piroi, C. Muscai, Florina Piroi
The Automatic Block Signal installations (ABS) is a system of powering and receiving circuits that ensure train traffic command, control, and signals between two consecutive train stations. The circuits are usually electronically or electrodynamically synchronized. Because the distance between two stations is at least 4 kilometers, any failure to these installations cause long traffic delays, especially since the maintenance staff must travel on foot to the site of the failure. To fix failures in the operation of BLA installations it is required that the maintenance staff is well acquainted with the system's wiring diagrams and their interrelations. The complexity of the wiring diagrams poses some problems in failure fixes. To ease the decision taking process in failure detection we present here diagnosis charts that lead to a quick and correct remedy decision. The diagnosis charts presented here are to be applied for cases when the current line (CL) is signaled as being occupied by rolling stock, but is in reality empty.
{"title":"ABS failure diagnosis charts for a blocked CL","authors":"E. Spunei, I. Piroi, C. Muscai, Florina Piroi","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972679","url":null,"abstract":"The Automatic Block Signal installations (ABS) is a system of powering and receiving circuits that ensure train traffic command, control, and signals between two consecutive train stations. The circuits are usually electronically or electrodynamically synchronized. Because the distance between two stations is at least 4 kilometers, any failure to these installations cause long traffic delays, especially since the maintenance staff must travel on foot to the site of the failure. To fix failures in the operation of BLA installations it is required that the maintenance staff is well acquainted with the system's wiring diagrams and their interrelations. The complexity of the wiring diagrams poses some problems in failure fixes. To ease the decision taking process in failure detection we present here diagnosis charts that lead to a quick and correct remedy decision. The diagnosis charts presented here are to be applied for cases when the current line (CL) is signaled as being occupied by rolling stock, but is in reality empty.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117058209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972610
S. Kilyeni, C. Barbulescu, C. Oros, A. Deacu
The renewable sources' influence regarding the distribution network expansion planning is tackled. The network expansion is discussed in two cases: with and without renewable sources. The obtained expansion solutions are analyzed and a final one is proposed by the authors. To achieve this goal network reconfiguration and N-1 contingecies are performed. The goal is to supply all the consumers for each operating condition. Also, the technical losses have to be minimized. The power flow is computed using conventional methods, but the optimal power flow and distribution network expansion are performed using genetic algorithms (GA). Thus, the authors have developed an own software tool in Matlab environment.
{"title":"GA based distribution network expansion. Part 2. Case study: IEEE-30 test system","authors":"S. Kilyeni, C. Barbulescu, C. Oros, A. Deacu","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972610","url":null,"abstract":"The renewable sources' influence regarding the distribution network expansion planning is tackled. The network expansion is discussed in two cases: with and without renewable sources. The obtained expansion solutions are analyzed and a final one is proposed by the authors. To achieve this goal network reconfiguration and N-1 contingecies are performed. The goal is to supply all the consumers for each operating condition. Also, the technical losses have to be minimized. The power flow is computed using conventional methods, but the optimal power flow and distribution network expansion are performed using genetic algorithms (GA). Thus, the authors have developed an own software tool in Matlab environment.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123119364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972668
I. Pătru, V. Voicu, I. Mihalcea, G. Mihai
This article presents a system able to control in phase a switching element capable of high currents and voltages switching. Its use is presented for the assessment of the transient response in capacitive instrument transformers. Because of the capacitors used for its construction, the high frequency signals (especially in network switching) are transmitted on the measurement windings. To prevent their transmission in the measurement and automation systems, special filtering circuits are being considered in the transformer design. Their effectiveness is measured through transient response in accordance with the applicable international standard IEC 61869-5. The control device makes the connection to various values of the phase angle.
{"title":"In phase control system with applications for assessing the transient response in capacitive instrument transformers","authors":"I. Pătru, V. Voicu, I. Mihalcea, G. Mihai","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972668","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a system able to control in phase a switching element capable of high currents and voltages switching. Its use is presented for the assessment of the transient response in capacitive instrument transformers. Because of the capacitors used for its construction, the high frequency signals (especially in network switching) are transmitted on the measurement windings. To prevent their transmission in the measurement and automation systems, special filtering circuits are being considered in the transformer design. Their effectiveness is measured through transient response in accordance with the applicable international standard IEC 61869-5. The control device makes the connection to various values of the phase angle.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130443224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972638
A. Pop, M. Radulescu, H. Balan, M. Chirca, Valentin Zaharia
This paper approaches the electromagnetic design and finite-element analysis of an axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) synchronous generator for small-scale wind turbines. The study is conducted to find a good-performance and cost-effective electric generator topology for micro-wind power application. The proposed double-sided two-stators-one-rotor AFPM synchronous generator with non-overlapping concentrated slotless-stator-winding and ironless PM-rotor disk could be the machine of choice in grid-connected or stand-alone small-scale wind energy conversion systems.
{"title":"Electromagnetic design and finite-element analysis of an axial-flux permanent-magnet machine","authors":"A. Pop, M. Radulescu, H. Balan, M. Chirca, Valentin Zaharia","doi":"10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATE.2014.6972638","url":null,"abstract":"This paper approaches the electromagnetic design and finite-element analysis of an axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) synchronous generator for small-scale wind turbines. The study is conducted to find a good-performance and cost-effective electric generator topology for micro-wind power application. The proposed double-sided two-stators-one-rotor AFPM synchronous generator with non-overlapping concentrated slotless-stator-winding and ironless PM-rotor disk could be the machine of choice in grid-connected or stand-alone small-scale wind energy conversion systems.","PeriodicalId":327050,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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