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Monetary Stability, Financial Stability and the Business Cycle: Five Views 货币稳定、金融稳定与经济周期:五种观点
Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1188107
Bank for International Settlements
On 28-29 March 2003, the BIS held a conference on "Monetary stability, financial stability and the business cycle". The event brought together central bankers, academics and market participants to exchange views on this issue (see the conference programme and list of participants). This publication contains the opening speech by the BIS General Manager and the prepared remarks of the four participants on the policy panel. The papers from the conference are being published in the BIS working paper series, together with the discussants' comments on each paper (see Working papers 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141).
2003年3月28日至29日,国际清算银行召开了一次题为“货币稳定、金融稳定和商业周期”的会议。会议汇聚了央行行长、学者和市场参与者,就这一问题交换意见(见会议日程和与会者名单)。本刊物载有国际清算银行总经理的开幕词及四位政策小组成员的发言稿。会议的论文连同讨论者对每一篇论文的评论一起发表在BIS工作文件系列中(见工作文件136、137、138、139、140、141)。
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引用次数: 8
Regional Currency Areas and the Use of Foreign Currencies 区域货币区和外币的使用
Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1188244
Bank for International Settlements
Arrangements that replace independent national currencies (regional currency areas, currency boards, official or unofficial use of a foreign currency) have become increasingly popular. However, they raise at least three broad questions. First, do their benefits (notably lower transactions costs) exceed the costs (reduced policy flexibility)? Second, which of these regimes is most suitable for a particular economy? Third, must institutions be developed to ensure economic convergence and other complementary measures that will guarantee the success of a common currency, or are convergence and complementary measures a likely consequence of adopting a common currency? Senior central bankers from Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the United States discussed experiences and research on these questions at a two-day meeting held at the BIS in September 2002. The first day focused on economic issues and the second on legal and practical issues.
取代独立国家货币的安排(区域货币区、货币发行局、官方或非官方使用外币)已日益流行。然而,它们至少提出了三个广泛的问题。首先,它们的收益(尤其是交易成本的降低)是否超过了成本(政策灵活性的降低)?第二,哪一种制度最适合某个经济体?第三,是否必须建立机制,以确保经济趋同和其他互补措施,从而确保共同货币的成功,还是说趋同和互补措施可能是采用共同货币的结果?2002年9月,来自非洲、亚洲、欧洲、中东和美国的高级央行行长在国际清算银行举行的为期两天的会议上讨论了这些问题的经验和研究。第一天的重点是经济问题,第二天是法律和实际问题。
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引用次数: 6
China's Capital Account Liberalisation: International Perspective 中国资本账户自由化:国际视角
Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1188022
Bank for International Settlements
This volume collects the papers presented at the joint BIS/SAFE seminar on Capital account liberalisation in China: international perspectives, held on 12-13 September 2002 in Beijing, China. Seminar participants from outside China were mostly experienced practitioners and policymakers from 13 economies across four continents. Chinese participants consisted mainly of staff from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the People's Bank of China and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The main aim of the seminar was to draw on the diverse international experiences in managing cross-border capital flows and to shed light on how China should proceed to implement capital account liberalisation in the years ahead, following its recent historic entry into the WTO. The present collection includes 16 seminar papers, which are organised under the following six topics: Overview Japanese experience Bank-related capital flows Corporate and non-bank flows Equity portfolio flows Offshore banknote flows Our introduction should be read in close conjunction with the welcome speech by SAFE Deputy Director General Ma Delun and with the SAFE summary chapter by Wang Yungui and Xie Yuelan, which follow immediately.
本书收集了2002年9月12日至13日在中国北京举行的国际清算银行/国家外汇管理局联合研讨会上发表的论文。中国以外的与会者大多是来自四大洲13个经济体的经验丰富的从业人员和政策制定者。中方与会人员主要来自国家外汇管理局、中国人民银行和中国社会科学院。研讨会的主要目的是借鉴管理跨境资本流动的各种国际经验,并阐明中国在最近历史性地加入世界贸易组织后,应如何在未来几年继续实施资本账户自由化。本合集包括16篇研讨会论文,按以下六个主题组织:日本经验概述与银行相关的资本流动企业和非银行流动股权投资组合流动离岸钞票流动我们的介绍应与外管局副局长马德伦的欢迎致辞以及紧随其后的王云贵和谢岳兰的外管局总结章节密切相关。
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引用次数: 11
Comparison of Creditor and Debtor Data on Short-Term External Debt 短期外债的债权人和债务人数据比较
Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1187822
Bank for International Settlements
The Asian financial crisis in 1997 revealed important deficiencies in the monitoring of short-term external debt, often the most important and also most volatile component of countries' external obligations. As underlined in the report prepared by the Working Group on Capital Flows of the Financial Stability Forum, "short-term flows entail liquidity risk and, therefore, are of special concern from a financial stability perspective". As a result, "special attention to the build-up of short-term debt is warranted". The new Joint BIS IMF-OECD-World Bank Statistics on External Debt collaboratively published by the four international organisations since March 1999 facilitate the monitoring of external debt. They bring together in one place and on a consistent basis creditor and market data disseminated by the individual agencies, and major components of short-term debt are identified separately. Conceptual and statistical discrepancies between creditor- and debtor-based statistics have, however, caused concern. As a consequence, the BIS, with support from a number of emerging market central banks, has undertaken a study to compare existing creditor and debtor data on external debt. The results are presented in this report, which mainly serves the following purposes: First, we explain conceptual and practical differences between creditor short-term external claims series, which are supplied mainly by the BIS, and the corresponding debtor series. Second, we discuss possible options for adapting the presentation of the BIS data (assuming unchanged reporting) to reduce perceived differences between creditor and debtor data. Third, senior statisticians and economists from nine emerging market central banks provide a description of the current collection and publication of external debt statistics in their respective countries. The report is divided into two parts. Part I of the report contains the results of the BIS comparative study, while Part II covers the national contributions on external debt statistics. Part I consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 describes recent progress in improving the accuracy of BIS creditor data. In Chapter 2 the main conceptual differences between official guidelines for the reporting of external debt, on the one hand, and reporting conventions for the main source of creditor data, the BIS consolidated and locational banking statistics, on the other, are discussed. There is currently no prospect of changing the reporting of BIS data, because these data are not collected for external debt monitoring purposes. However, one can adjust components of both BIS data sets to approximate more closely standard external debt concepts. On the basis of a survey of 22 developing countries and follow up visits to eight countries, Chapter 3 compares short-term creditor and debtor data in practice. The chapter identifies both general and specific sources of differences and describes the feasibility and limits of reconciliation. Chapter 4 disc
1997年的亚洲金融危机暴露了在监测短期外债方面的重大缺陷,短期外债往往是各国外债中最重要也是最不稳定的组成部分。正如金融稳定论坛资本流动工作组编写的报告所强调的那样,“短期流动带来流动性风险,因此,从金融稳定的角度来看,这是一个特别值得关注的问题”。因此,“有必要特别关注短期债务的积累”。国际清算银行、国际货币基金组织、经合组织和世界银行自1999年3月起联合发布的《外债统计数据》便于对外债进行监测。它们在一个地方和一致的基础上汇集了由个别机构散发的债权人和市场数据,并分别确定了短期债务的主要组成部分。然而,基于债权人和债务人的统计之间的概念和统计差异引起了关注。因此,国际清算银行在一些新兴市场央行的支持下进行了一项研究,比较了现有的债权国和债务国的外债数据。本报告提出了研究结果,主要服务于以下目的:首先,我们解释了主要由国际清算银行提供的债权人短期外部债权系列与相应的债务人系列之间概念和实践上的差异。其次,我们讨论了调整BIS数据表示的可能选择(假设报告不变),以减少债权人和债务人数据之间的感知差异。第三,来自九个新兴市场中央银行的高级统计学家和经济学家介绍了各自国家目前收集和公布的外债统计数据。报告分为两部分。报告的第一部分载有国际清算银行比较研究的结果,而第二部分则载有各国对外债统计的贡献。第一部分共分四章。第一章描述了在提高国际清算银行债权人数据准确性方面的最新进展。在第2章中,讨论了报告外债的官方指导方针与报告债权人数据的主要来源,即国际清算银行综合和地方银行统计数据的惯例之间的主要概念差异。目前不可能改变国际清算银行数据的报告,因为这些数据不是为外债监测目的收集的。但是,可以调整国际清算银行两组数据的组成部分,使其更接近标准外债概念。在对22个发展中国家的调查和对8个国家的跟踪访问的基础上,第三章比较了实践中的短期债权人和债务人数据。本章确定了分歧的一般和具体来源,并描述了和解的可行性和局限性。第4章讨论了在联合统计中改变国际清算银行债权人数据列报的可能选择,以减少与短期债务人数据的差异。报告的第二部分包含来自九个新兴市场中央银行的高级统计学家和经济学家为2002年4月在国际清算银行举行的研讨会所作的贡献,该研讨会讨论了国际清算银行进行的比较研究的结果。这些报告描述了当前收集和公布各自新兴市场国家外债统计数据的情况,并对国家债务国数据和国际清算银行关于外债的债权人数据之间存在差异的原因提供了进一步分析。此外,报告第二部分还包括货币基金组织对新的外债统计指南草案的贡献。
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引用次数: 7
Market Functioning and Central Bank Policy 市场运作与中央银行政策
Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1187576
Bank for International Settlements
The papers in this volume were presented and discussed at the Autumn Central Bank Economists' Meeting held at the BIS on 15-16 October 2001. The meeting focused on recent changes in market functioning and their impact on central bank policy. A number of structural developments seem to have had a significant influence on the functioning of financial markets. The most important of these developments are the introduction of the euro, the spread of electronic trading, changes in the constellation and behaviour of market participants and falling supplies of government debt. There is some evidence that such structural changes resulted in shifts in liquidity among different market segments and, moreover, that liquidity is less robust than in the past. The process of price formation and the information conveyed by prices also appears to have been affected. This poses various challenges for central bank policy, including how best to gauge market expectations and conduct monetary policy operations.
本卷中的论文于2001年10月15日至16日在国际清算银行举行的秋季中央银行经济学家会议上提出和讨论。会议重点讨论了最近市场运作的变化及其对央行政策的影响。一些结构性发展似乎对金融市场的运作产生了重大影响。这些发展中最重要的是欧元的引入、电子交易的普及、市场参与者群体和行为的变化,以及政府债务供应的下降。有一些证据表明,这种结构性变化导致了不同细分市场之间流动性的变化,而且,流动性不如过去那么强劲。价格形成的过程和价格所传达的信息似乎也受到了影响。这给央行政策带来了各种挑战,包括如何最好地衡量市场预期和实施货币政策操作。
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引用次数: 6
Market Liquidity: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the BIS 市场流动性:国际清算银行研讨会论文集
Pub Date : 2001-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1168055
Bank for International Settlements
Proceedings of a BIS Workshop on Market Liquidity.
国际清算银行市场流动性研讨会论文集。
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引用次数: 16
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