An activity of travelling has remained one of the leading contributors of global economic activities, particularly, in employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. With the 56-folds growth of international tourist arrivals from 1950 to 2018 globally, Nepalese tourism industry is widening its scope for employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study is to analyze role of tourism on employment generation and foreign exchange earnings in Nepal. For this, a descriptive study design was employed. Analysis was done by using secondary data of the period 2010-2019. Number of tourist arrival in 2019 (1,197,191) was found nearby double compared to the 2010 (602,867), however, the status of average length of stay remained almost same within this period. Data show, on average, that most of the tourists had visited Nepal for holiday celebration (58.6%), followed by trekking and mountaineering (11.2%) and pilgrimage (11.4%). Average annual share of tourism earnings on total export earnings in 2010-2018 was 21.7% whereas share of tourism earnings on total foreign exchange earnings was 6.2%. It is estimated that every 6 tourists visited create 1 employment opportunity in Nepal. Despite the situation of almost double in number of tourist arrival from 2010 to 2019, this study concludes that there was no significant increase in the share of tourism in total foreign exchange earnings and total employment in Nepal.
{"title":"Tourism, Employment Generation and Foreign Exchange Earnings in Nepal","authors":"Kumar Bhattarai, Ghanshyam Upadhyaya, Surendra Kumar Bohara","doi":"10.3126/jthe.v11i0.38232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v11i0.38232","url":null,"abstract":"An activity of travelling has remained one of the leading contributors of global economic activities, particularly, in employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. With the 56-folds growth of international tourist arrivals from 1950 to 2018 globally, Nepalese tourism industry is widening its scope for employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study is to analyze role of tourism on employment generation and foreign exchange earnings in Nepal. For this, a descriptive study design was employed. Analysis was done by using secondary data of the period 2010-2019. Number of tourist arrival in 2019 (1,197,191) was found nearby double compared to the 2010 (602,867), however, the status of average length of stay remained almost same within this period. Data show, on average, that most of the tourists had visited Nepal for holiday celebration (58.6%), followed by trekking and mountaineering (11.2%) and pilgrimage (11.4%). Average annual share of tourism earnings on total export earnings in 2010-2018 was 21.7% whereas share of tourism earnings on total foreign exchange earnings was 6.2%. It is estimated that every 6 tourists visited create 1 employment opportunity in Nepal. Despite the situation of almost double in number of tourist arrival from 2010 to 2019, this study concludes that there was no significant increase in the share of tourism in total foreign exchange earnings and total employment in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116222983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.3126/jthe.v11i0.38242
P. Gautam
The hospitality and tourism sector is considered the backbone for economicgrowth, especially in developing countries. However, this thriving sector is particularly vulnerable to naturaland human-made disasters. This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic in India’s hospitality and tourism sector by addressing essential aspects such as current conditions and challenges as well as future perspectives. The secondary research methodology has been applied for the research. For data collection, the secondary data has been collected through literature, journal articles, government documents, etc. The research findings show that COVID-19 in India has significantly affected the hospitality and tourism sector. Global and domestic tourists have canceled their programs to visit the natural, historical, religious, and cultural sites. The flight tickets and the hotel reservations have been canceled. A significant number of workers in the sector have lost their jobs. This pandemic has affected the economy of the country as well as the well-being of the individuals to a large extent. As the intensification of the COVID-19 is being thought to cause a long-term impact, this study could be relevant to the decision-makers in regards to the crucial task of reviving the sector.
{"title":"The Effects and Challenges of COVID-19 in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector in India","authors":"P. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/jthe.v11i0.38242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v11i0.38242","url":null,"abstract":"The hospitality and tourism sector is considered the backbone for economicgrowth, especially in developing countries. However, this thriving sector is particularly vulnerable to naturaland human-made disasters. This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic in India’s hospitality and tourism sector by addressing essential aspects such as current conditions and challenges as well as future perspectives. The secondary research methodology has been applied for the research. For data collection, the secondary data has been collected through literature, journal articles, government documents, etc. The research findings show that COVID-19 in India has significantly affected the hospitality and tourism sector. Global and domestic tourists have canceled their programs to visit the natural, historical, religious, and cultural sites. The flight tickets and the hotel reservations have been canceled. A significant number of workers in the sector have lost their jobs. This pandemic has affected the economy of the country as well as the well-being of the individuals to a large extent. As the intensification of the COVID-19 is being thought to cause a long-term impact, this study could be relevant to the decision-makers in regards to the crucial task of reviving the sector.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122351729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-04DOI: 10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28764
R. Kunwar
Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation into the tourism market through a model of disruptive innovation is going to be very popular in the world. This has been coined as network hospitality led by Airbnb platform which will work as a mediator between the hosts and guests. Trust plays the major role for decision making to buy the shelter. The objective of studying this new area is to understand in better way through the help of secondary sources. Academic research is generally guided by the theories. Therefore, the researcher aimed to know which kind of concepts and models were applied by previous scholars. The study is confined to the Airbnb and Couchsurfing. For this study, the researcher has followed umbrella type of review research which will shed light on the knowledge of peer-to-peer accommodation and sharing economy.
{"title":"Airbnb: Understanding the Concept, Recognizing the Values","authors":"R. Kunwar","doi":"10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28764","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation into the tourism market through a model of disruptive innovation is going to be very popular in the world. This has been coined as network hospitality led by Airbnb platform which will work as a mediator between the hosts and guests. Trust plays the major role for decision making to buy the shelter. The objective of studying this new area is to understand in better way through the help of secondary sources. Academic research is generally guided by the theories. Therefore, the researcher aimed to know which kind of concepts and models were applied by previous scholars. The study is confined to the Airbnb and Couchsurfing. For this study, the researcher has followed umbrella type of review research which will shed light on the knowledge of peer-to-peer accommodation and sharing economy.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115061134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism thrives in peace. It is a major beneficiary of peace. Nevertheless, it is also be a benefactor to peace if it is planned, developed and managed from the perspectives of building socio-economic foundation, environmental wellness and socio-cultural contacts and communications. Such elements of peace through tourism are applicable to all destinations including provincial, national, local or international. This paper presents the general conceptual foundation on tourism stipulated prosperity and peace and relates this feature with Far West Nepal which is a newly established provincial destination in Nepal. It argues that peace related objectives of tourism can be achieved through planned development, operation and purposeful management of tourism directed to enhancing socio-economic foundations and intercultural relations. The responsibilities for such aspects lie at all actors (hosts and guests) and all levels of government like local, national and provincial. This aspect is truly applicable in Far West a newly growing regional tourist destination where the provincial government is on board with people’s mandate and necessary resources.
{"title":"Tourism Stimulated Prosperity and Peace in Provincial Destination: An Appraisal of Far West Nepal","authors":"P. Upadhayaya","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23678","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism thrives in peace. It is a major beneficiary of peace. Nevertheless, it is also be a benefactor to peace if it is planned, developed and managed from the perspectives of building socio-economic foundation, environmental wellness and socio-cultural contacts and communications. Such elements of peace through tourism are applicable to all destinations including provincial, national, local or international. This paper presents the general conceptual foundation on tourism stipulated prosperity and peace and relates this feature with Far West Nepal which is a newly established provincial destination in Nepal. It argues that peace related objectives of tourism can be achieved through planned development, operation and purposeful management of tourism directed to enhancing socio-economic foundations and intercultural relations. The responsibilities for such aspects lie at all actors (hosts and guests) and all levels of government like local, national and provincial. This aspect is truly applicable in Far West a newly growing regional tourist destination where the provincial government is on board with people’s mandate and necessary resources.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dark tourism is about more than a simple fascination with death, it is also a powerful lens that allows contemporary life and death to be witnessed and relationships with broader societies and culture recognized (Stone, 2013; Allman, 2017). Information about disasters and their effects to the human being draws attention to the people whoever interested to death and disaster and play very important role to attract and motivate the visitors to those places. So far, disaster tourism is also popular as dark tourism because historical and cultural identity is devasted and violent death of a large number of people occurs in the seismic memorial sites. Individuals who are participating in disaster tour are very much curious to see the impact of disaster. This article focuses on Dark Tourism: A Preliminary Study of Barpak and Langtang as Seismic Memorial Site of Nepal. Barpak was the epicentre of earthquake 2015 which caused huge suffering in the western and middle part of Nepal. Langtang is also the place which was doubly devastated. The earthquake struck, landslides and avalanches that destroyed the settlements. Through three data sources: document review, interview and direct observation, this article assesses theoretical understanding of the dark tourism, the society and culture of the seismic memorial sites, the motivation of the visitors, changing trend of visitors in Barpak and Langtang over pre, during and post-Earthquake 2015 and prospects and challenges of dark tourism in Barpak and Langtang. The study finds that the motivation and benefit to visit Barpak and Langtang are; black spot, history & heritage, cultural values, heritage & identity, survivors’ guilt, death and dying, disaster and identity, acts of memory, people’s resiliency, empathy, remembrance, education, entertainment and edutainment which are very much important in promoting dark tourism in Barpak and Langtang.
{"title":"Dark Tourism: A Preliminary Study of Barpak and Langtang as Seismic Memorial Sites of Nepal","authors":"R. Kunwar, D. Aryal, Neeru Karki","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23683","url":null,"abstract":"Dark tourism is about more than a simple fascination with death, it is also a powerful lens that allows contemporary life and death to be witnessed and relationships with broader societies and culture recognized (Stone, 2013; Allman, 2017). Information about disasters and their effects to the human being draws attention to the people whoever interested to death and disaster and play very important role to attract and motivate the visitors to those places. So far, disaster tourism is also popular as dark tourism because historical and cultural identity is devasted and violent death of a large number of people occurs in the seismic memorial sites. Individuals who are participating in disaster tour are very much curious to see the impact of disaster. This article focuses on Dark Tourism: A Preliminary Study of Barpak and Langtang as Seismic Memorial Site of Nepal. Barpak was the epicentre of earthquake 2015 which caused huge suffering in the western and middle part of Nepal. Langtang is also the place which was doubly devastated. The earthquake struck, landslides and avalanches that destroyed the settlements. Through three data sources: document review, interview and direct observation, this article assesses theoretical understanding of the dark tourism, the society and culture of the seismic memorial sites, the motivation of the visitors, changing trend of visitors in Barpak and Langtang over pre, during and post-Earthquake 2015 and prospects and challenges of dark tourism in Barpak and Langtang. The study finds that the motivation and benefit to visit Barpak and Langtang are; black spot, history & heritage, cultural values, heritage & identity, survivors’ guilt, death and dying, disaster and identity, acts of memory, people’s resiliency, empathy, remembrance, education, entertainment and edutainment which are very much important in promoting dark tourism in Barpak and Langtang.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123069637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims to examine the relationship between social carrying capacity and tourism carrying capacity in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal (along the popular Annapurna Base Camp Trail). Carrying Capacity is a key indicator in assessing the sustainable tourism development at a given place. The study used Survey Research Design to obtain information from tourist and local residents. From the research, it was evident that the visitors were highly satisfied with the tourism activities, along with conservation and development activities at ACA. Similarly, local residents were satisfied with the development of tourism in ACA, yet they perceived crowding, and congestion, cultural degradation as some impending challenges in the near future. Social Carrying Capacity in the ACA has not exceed its threshold, even though this popular trekking destination has been witnessing robust growth in the number of tourist in the region post armed-conflict (1997-2007). Hypothesis test result indicate that the relationship between dependent variable [Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC)] and independent variable [Social Carrying Capacity (SCC)] has a positive correlation. Adequate and appropriate management intervention by the Nepal Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)/Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) there has been well-planned and sustained tourism growth in the region.
{"title":"Relationship between Social Carrying Capacity and Tourism Carrying Capacity: A Case of Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal","authors":"Subash Joshi, Rajiv Dahal","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23677","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to examine the relationship between social carrying capacity and tourism carrying capacity in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal (along the popular Annapurna Base Camp Trail). Carrying Capacity is a key indicator in assessing the sustainable tourism development at a given place. The study used Survey Research Design to obtain information from tourist and local residents. From the research, it was evident that the visitors were highly satisfied with the tourism activities, along with conservation and development activities at ACA. Similarly, local residents were satisfied with the development of tourism in ACA, yet they perceived crowding, and congestion, cultural degradation as some impending challenges in the near future. Social Carrying Capacity in the ACA has not exceed its threshold, even though this popular trekking destination has been witnessing robust growth in the number of tourist in the region post armed-conflict (1997-2007). Hypothesis test result indicate that the relationship between dependent variable [Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC)] and independent variable [Social Carrying Capacity (SCC)] has a positive correlation. Adequate and appropriate management intervention by the Nepal Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)/Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) there has been well-planned and sustained tourism growth in the region.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115097679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism and hospitality industry today, is changing significantly with the application of information technology in its fundamental to strategic activities. It is driven by the competition inherent within the industry as well as the evolving innovative ideas and practices. So, to match the competitive environment and to catch the changing disruption, use of information technology is inevitable. This study reviews the previous research studies related to the information technology (IT) in tourism and hospitality industry with the aim of assessing the recent changes and applications of IT in the industry. Particularly, seven major tourism and hospitality journals published in the last 10 years are reviewed which included 64 research articles relevant to IT in tourism and hospitality industry. The content analysis of the articles is categorized into three major themes, namely: fundamental purpose, internal business process or process redesign and value creation & competitive advantage. The study showed that IT in tourism and hospitality industry is most commonly used in fulfilling information need, studying behavior & performance, managing operation process and innovation process. The use of IT in promotion & marketing, customer management process and value creation & competitive advantage is yet to be explored.
{"title":"Information Technology in Tourism & Hospitality Industry: A Review of Ten Years’ Publications","authors":"Ishwar Khatri","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23682","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism and hospitality industry today, is changing significantly with the application of information technology in its fundamental to strategic activities. It is driven by the competition inherent within the industry as well as the evolving innovative ideas and practices. So, to match the competitive environment and to catch the changing disruption, use of information technology is inevitable. This study reviews the previous research studies related to the information technology (IT) in tourism and hospitality industry with the aim of assessing the recent changes and applications of IT in the industry. Particularly, seven major tourism and hospitality journals published in the last 10 years are reviewed which included 64 research articles relevant to IT in tourism and hospitality industry. The content analysis of the articles is categorized into three major themes, namely: fundamental purpose, internal business process or process redesign and value creation & competitive advantage. The study showed that IT in tourism and hospitality industry is most commonly used in fulfilling information need, studying behavior & performance, managing operation process and innovation process. The use of IT in promotion & marketing, customer management process and value creation & competitive advantage is yet to be explored.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"26 48","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120927767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global economic development and changing perception of customers led to increasing amount of consumption in luxury products, yet the academic interest on luxury tourism shopping remained as limited. The aim of this manuscript is to fill the gap by taking the attention to the unused potential of luxury shopping in tourism market. The methodology of this study will be literature review related to the findings in the previous literature, and the critical evaluation of the findings. The research will begin with a brief introduction of luxury goods and the motivational factors for customers to engage in luxury shopping. Then, the focus will shift to the context of tourism, with current examples of luxury shopping tourism practices across the world such as in Dubai, Hong Kong and so forth. Finally, the study will conclude that the development of luxury shopping tourism in a particular destination can be facilitated through the contributions of governmental bodies to lure international brands to the region with necessary fiscal arrangements such as tax reductions, as well as local stakeholders to improve the conditions for luxury shopping tourism infrastructure including accommodation facilities, means of transportation, shopping malls, as well as development of new high quality brands for the consumption of both international and national tourists.
{"title":"Luxury Shopping as a New Opportunity for Tourism Market Development","authors":"R. Genç","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23676","url":null,"abstract":"The global economic development and changing perception of customers led to increasing amount of consumption in luxury products, yet the academic interest on luxury tourism shopping remained as limited. The aim of this manuscript is to fill the gap by taking the attention to the unused potential of luxury shopping in tourism market. The methodology of this study will be literature review related to the findings in the previous literature, and the critical evaluation of the findings. The research will begin with a brief introduction of luxury goods and the motivational factors for customers to engage in luxury shopping. Then, the focus will shift to the context of tourism, with current examples of luxury shopping tourism practices across the world such as in Dubai, Hong Kong and so forth. Finally, the study will conclude that the development of luxury shopping tourism in a particular destination can be facilitated through the contributions of governmental bodies to lure international brands to the region with necessary fiscal arrangements such as tax reductions, as well as local stakeholders to improve the conditions for luxury shopping tourism infrastructure including accommodation facilities, means of transportation, shopping malls, as well as development of new high quality brands for the consumption of both international and national tourists.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121431230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecotourism is a form of nature-based tourism. It is recognized as the sustainable alternative to the mass tourism and is executed to contribute to the protection and enhancement of various component of the environment. As environmental and cultural diversity are considered as the greatest assets to ecotourism, Nepal with high cultural and environmental diversity is prime destinations for ecotourism and other forms of nature-based tourism. Ecotourism contributes to the conservation of biodiversity as a primary source of internal funding in the protected areas. Researches on the aspects of ecotourism in Nepal were focused towards potentiality evaluation, impact assessment and the impact of climate change including others. Despite the significance of ecotourism in the Nepalese economy, research on governance aspects of ecotourism is limited. This article aims to analyze the role of government in ecotourism development in Nepal through policy-based approach. Beside this, data of visitation in the protected areas was evaluated. Tourist number in the protected area was observed to increase in a gradual fashion in response to the growing number of tourists visiting Nepal. Tourism policies of government primarily focus to increase the number of tourists in the country and fail to recognize tourism carrying capacity and environmental implication. Different tourism and other sectoral policies attempt to cover the issues of ecotourism, but, ecotourism specific policy is yet to be drafted. In addition to this, the tourism aspect is addressed by the species conservation action plan for species-level conservation within the country. In all, nine action plans reviewed, the provisions relating to tourism were found to be too general, most of them acknowledging ecotourism as a source of conservation funding but failed to define species-specific policy. A similar trend can be observed in the protected area management plan excluding the Chitwan and Banke National Park. Further study on the implementation status and formulation of new policy to address the holistic issues of ecotourism is an urgent requirement.
{"title":"Tourism in Protected Areas and Appraisal of Ecotourism in Nepalese Policies","authors":"Chandramani Aryal, Bina Ghimire, N. Niraula","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V9I0.23680","url":null,"abstract":"Ecotourism is a form of nature-based tourism. It is recognized as the sustainable alternative to the mass tourism and is executed to contribute to the protection and enhancement of various component of the environment. As environmental and cultural diversity are considered as the greatest assets to ecotourism, Nepal with high cultural and environmental diversity is prime destinations for ecotourism and other forms of nature-based tourism. Ecotourism contributes to the conservation of biodiversity as a primary source of internal funding in the protected areas. Researches on the aspects of ecotourism in Nepal were focused towards potentiality evaluation, impact assessment and the impact of climate change including others. Despite the significance of ecotourism in the Nepalese economy, research on governance aspects of ecotourism is limited. This article aims to analyze the role of government in ecotourism development in Nepal through policy-based approach. Beside this, data of visitation in the protected areas was evaluated. Tourist number in the protected area was observed to increase in a gradual fashion in response to the growing number of tourists visiting Nepal. Tourism policies of government primarily focus to increase the number of tourists in the country and fail to recognize tourism carrying capacity and environmental implication. Different tourism and other sectoral policies attempt to cover the issues of ecotourism, but, ecotourism specific policy is yet to be drafted. In addition to this, the tourism aspect is addressed by the species conservation action plan for species-level conservation within the country. In all, nine action plans reviewed, the provisions relating to tourism were found to be too general, most of them acknowledging ecotourism as a source of conservation funding but failed to define species-specific policy. A similar trend can be observed in the protected area management plan excluding the Chitwan and Banke National Park. Further study on the implementation status and formulation of new policy to address the holistic issues of ecotourism is an urgent requirement.","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131208125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hospitality has been discussed only in the model of social, private and commercial domain. It has been argued that there are two school of thoughts: one sees the host-guest relationship entirely based on the commercial transaction between them and another sees hospitality as a social phenomenon. This paper highlights the correlation between hospitality, peace and tourism with context to the behaviors of nationstates as political actors towards migrants, asylum seekers and refugees in terms of ethics, human rights and citizenship with special focus on the difference in approach of hospitality between the rich and poor countries. However, it is also evident that peace can only be achieved through the acceptance of the outsiders without prejudices, although this has been rejected by the thinkers who believe that it is impossible for any nation to fully welcome the guests which will require them to compromise their national sovereignty. Attention has been given to the concept of hospitality with special reference to Kant’s thought of universal hospitality, Levinas’s concept of the ethics and politics of hospitality, and Derrida’s notion of absolute or unconditional and conditional hospitality. The issues thus discussed are the various forms of discrimination in terms of the hospitable behaviors by the hosts (nations) towards the guests (migrants) by analyzing the host-guest relationship and further reflecting it upon the current global political scenario. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education 8 (2018) 1-29
{"title":"Politics of Hospitality, Peace and Tourism: Review and Analysis","authors":"R. Kunwar, A. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/JTHE.V8I0.20008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JTHE.V8I0.20008","url":null,"abstract":"The hospitality has been discussed only in the model of social, private and commercial domain. It has been argued that there are two school of thoughts: one sees the host-guest relationship entirely based on the commercial transaction between them and another sees hospitality as a social phenomenon. This paper highlights the correlation between hospitality, peace and tourism with context to the behaviors of nationstates as political actors towards migrants, asylum seekers and refugees in terms of ethics, human rights and citizenship with special focus on the difference in approach of hospitality between the rich and poor countries. However, it is also evident that peace can only be achieved through the acceptance of the outsiders without prejudices, although this has been rejected by the thinkers who believe that it is impossible for any nation to fully welcome the guests which will require them to compromise their national sovereignty. Attention has been given to the concept of hospitality with special reference to Kant’s thought of universal hospitality, Levinas’s concept of the ethics and politics of hospitality, and Derrida’s notion of absolute or unconditional and conditional hospitality. The issues thus discussed are the various forms of discrimination in terms of the hospitable behaviors by the hosts (nations) towards the guests (migrants) by analyzing the host-guest relationship and further reflecting it upon the current global political scenario. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education 8 (2018) 1-29","PeriodicalId":328880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121443190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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