Urban intensification is regarded as the prevalent strategy in many cities of the world to ease the pressures of urban sprawl and deliver sustainable development through increasing the density of built form and activities. However, within the context of intensive development, planning and design control measures that help to maintain and promote the character of existing residential environments have been slow to develop. This causes the possible loss of the character of an area that makes a place unique and distinctive. The purpose of this paper is to explore the way of identifying the character of an urban area for the planning of urban landscape in the implementation of intensification. By employing the theory of urban morphology, the concept of morphological region is used for the analysis and characterisation of the spatial structure of the urban landscape in terms of ground plans, building types, and building and land utilisation. The morphological mapping of the character of urban landscape is suggested, which lays a foundation for more sensitive planning of urban landscape changes. Keywords—Character areas, urban intensification, urban morphology, urban landscape.
{"title":"Urban intensification and the character of urban landscape: a morphological perspective","authors":"Xindong An, K. Gu","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1474688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1474688","url":null,"abstract":"Urban intensification is regarded as the prevalent strategy in many cities of the world to ease the pressures of urban sprawl and deliver sustainable development through increasing the density of built form and activities. However, within the context of intensive development, planning and design control measures that help to maintain and promote the character of existing residential environments have been slow to develop. This causes the possible loss of the character of an area that makes a place unique and distinctive. The purpose of this paper is to explore the way of identifying the character of an urban area for the planning of urban landscape in the implementation of intensification. By employing the theory of urban morphology, the concept of morphological region is used for the analysis and characterisation of the spatial structure of the urban landscape in terms of ground plans, building types, and building and land utilisation. The morphological mapping of the character of urban landscape is suggested, which lays a foundation for more sensitive planning of urban landscape changes. Keywords—Character areas, urban intensification, urban morphology, urban landscape.","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122178839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-14DOI: 10.1051/E3SCONF/20186503003
I. Muhammed, Adegbenga Raphael Ashiru
Construction industry has been attributed to be the growth of Nigerian economic and infrastructural development. Annual reports show that consistent accidents on construction sites in Zamfara State has affected substantial number of workers as they become temporarily or permanently disabled, thereby making many construction sites a death trap. It is as a result of high construction site accident currently experiencing in Zamfara state that this research was carried out to appraise the sustainability of health and safety of construction workers on sites. Subsequently, SPSS Version 20 was used to analyse descriptive statistical analysis. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that the performance and output of construction workers on construction sites depends on proper practice of health and safety. The research findings also recommended ways to enhance employers and employee’s compliance to existing laws guiding health and safety on Zamfara State construction sites.
建筑业一直被认为是尼日利亚经济和基础设施发展的增长动力。年度报告显示，扎姆法拉州建筑工地不断发生事故，影响了大量工人，使他们暂时或永久残疾，从而使许多建筑工地成为死亡陷阱。由于目前扎姆法拉州的建筑工地事故频发，因此进行了这项研究，以评估工地上建筑工人的健康和安全的可持续性。随后使用SPSS Version 20进行描述性统计分析。此外，调查结果强调，建筑工人在建筑工地的工作表现和产出取决于适当的健康和安全做法。研究结果还建议了加强雇主和雇员遵守指导扎姆法拉州建筑工地健康和安全的现行法律的方法。
{"title":"The Sustainability of Health and Safety on Construction Sites in Zamfara State","authors":"I. Muhammed, Adegbenga Raphael Ashiru","doi":"10.1051/E3SCONF/20186503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/20186503003","url":null,"abstract":"Construction industry has been attributed to be the growth of Nigerian economic and infrastructural development. Annual reports show that consistent accidents on construction sites in Zamfara State has affected substantial number of workers as they become temporarily or permanently disabled, thereby making many construction sites a death trap. It is as a result of high construction site accident currently experiencing in Zamfara state that this research was carried out to appraise the sustainability of health and safety of construction workers on sites. Subsequently, SPSS Version 20 was used to analyse descriptive statistical analysis. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that the performance and output of construction workers on construction sites depends on proper practice of health and safety. The research findings also recommended ways to enhance employers and employee’s compliance to existing laws guiding health and safety on Zamfara State construction sites.","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125732668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1960s, France built large high-rise developments to house poor and immigrant populations. This policy led to the rise of crime and violent unrest in those developments. Responding to that failure, France has tried, especially since the eighties, to promote a social mix policy in its new housing developments. In the first decade of the twenty first century, France elaborated an eco-district (eco-quartier) program whose guidelines emphasize the goals of this social mix policy together with affordability in public social housing. In light of these developments, this paper focuses on the socio-economic aspects of French eco-districts, especially with respect to low-income populations. The eco-quartier housing distribution has shown that social mix goals are barely reached. In affluent cities, where property prices are high (such as Paris, its middle-class suburbs and some large cities), the municipalities build eco-quartiers in substandard neighborhoods, to attract middle class families. In average cities, some municipalities have implemented more social housing than planned, to provide developers with access to State subsidies and loans – but can still privilege the middle-class in the allocation of the resulting housing. In the poorest French towns, eco-quartiers can improve living conditions for local residents but do not effectively promote social mixing.
{"title":"Social Mix Policies in the French Eco-Districts: Discourses, Policies and Social Impacts","authors":"Machline Elise","doi":"10.5539/eer.v10n1p36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/eer.v10n1p36","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s, France built large high-rise developments to house poor and immigrant populations. This policy led to the rise of crime and violent unrest in those developments. Responding to that failure, France has tried, especially since the eighties, to promote a social mix policy in its new housing developments. In the first decade of the twenty first century, France elaborated an eco-district (eco-quartier) program whose guidelines emphasize the goals of this social mix policy together with affordability in public social housing. In light of these developments, this paper focuses on the socio-economic aspects of French eco-districts, especially with respect to low-income populations. The eco-quartier housing distribution has shown that social mix goals are barely reached. In affluent cities, where property prices are high (such as Paris, its middle-class suburbs and some large cities), the municipalities build eco-quartiers in substandard neighborhoods, to attract middle class families. In average cities, some municipalities have implemented more social housing than planned, to provide developers with access to State subsidies and loans – but can still privilege the middle-class in the allocation of the resulting housing. In the poorest French towns, eco-quartiers can improve living conditions for local residents but do not effectively promote social mixing.","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-07DOI: 10.32920/ryerson.14655855.v1
Shannon Clayton
While most historic cities show traces of modernist influences, the highest manifestation of modernist planning is found in North America’s postwar suburbs. As such, these environments have been highly criticized for their lack of identifiability and public space, characteristics that do not support contemporary human desires for variety and social interaction. In the immediate future, growing demands for housing and transit will create opportunities for urban transformation, and provide a platform for a contemporary critique of modernism and its evolution. This thesis postulates that postwar suburbs can be adapted to better meet the desires of 21st century residents, while maintaining privacy and access to nature. Through an analysis of potential nodes within existing suburban settlement patterns, and a critical engagement with the ongoing critique of modernism, an architecture which defines public space and creates recognizable images can be developed within the existing fabric of suburbia.
{"title":"Re-envisioning modernity: transformations of postwar suburban landscapes","authors":"Shannon Clayton","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655855.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14655855.v1","url":null,"abstract":"While most historic cities show traces of modernist influences, the highest manifestation of modernist planning is found in North America’s postwar suburbs. As such, these environments have been highly criticized for their lack of identifiability and public space, characteristics that do not support contemporary human desires for variety and social interaction. In the immediate future, growing demands for housing and transit will create opportunities for urban transformation, and provide a platform for a contemporary critique of modernism and its evolution. This thesis postulates that postwar suburbs can be adapted to better meet the desires of 21st century residents, while maintaining privacy and access to nature. Through an analysis of potential nodes within existing suburban settlement patterns, and a critical engagement with the ongoing critique of modernism, an architecture which defines public space and creates recognizable images can be developed within the existing fabric of suburbia.","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127270352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human needs range from subsistence and protection to affection, understanding and participation and finally to leisure, creation, identity and freedom. An essential part of these needs is satisfied in public urban spaces where we watch, communicate, play or just enjoy life. As part of a university course, master students of architecture and urban planning evaluated public urban spaces, which they perceived as positive as well as negative. The goal of this investigation was to identify the specific qualities which create a successful urban space where people love to stay. What qualities do the positive spaces have and what is missing in the negative ones? The students became also aware of the importance of urban spaces and their impact on communities. The results of the analysis of some hundred (mainly European) places are summed up and generalized in a list of criteria for successful urban spaces. This list can be used for assessment and improvement of existing spaces as well as for the design of new ones. It is presented in this paper and explained with the help of some examples and pictures. The list differentiates between primary criteria, the ones that have to be fulfilled as a precondition, and supplementary criteria, the ones that increase the attractiveness of the space. Such a list should be much more focused on social criteria and human needs – what do we want to do and to experience in open spaces? The necessary design to satisfy these wishes will then come as a natural consequence. Furthermore, the list is completed with contemporary criteria like enactment of illumination, events, social media etc.
{"title":"Livable Public Urban Spaces: Criteria for Assessment and Design","authors":"U. Dietrich, Greta Kirchberg Erto","doi":"10.2495/SC170241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/SC170241","url":null,"abstract":"Human needs range from subsistence and protection to affection, understanding and participation and finally to leisure, creation, identity and freedom. An essential part of these needs is satisfied in public urban spaces where we watch, communicate, play or just enjoy life. As part of a university course, master students of architecture and urban planning evaluated public urban spaces, which they perceived as positive as well as negative. The goal of this investigation was to identify the specific qualities which create a successful urban space where people love to stay. What qualities do the positive spaces have and what is missing in the negative ones? The students became also aware of the importance of urban spaces and their impact on communities. The results of the analysis of some hundred (mainly European) places are summed up and generalized in a list of criteria for successful urban spaces. This list can be used for assessment and improvement of existing spaces as well as for the design of new ones. It is presented in this paper and explained with the help of some examples and pictures. The list differentiates between primary criteria, the ones that have to be fulfilled as a precondition, and supplementary criteria, the ones that increase the attractiveness of the space. Such a list should be much more focused on social criteria and human needs – what do we want to do and to experience in open spaces? The necessary design to satisfy these wishes will then come as a natural consequence. Furthermore, the list is completed with contemporary criteria like enactment of illumination, events, social media etc.","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125139313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suyeon Bae, Abimbola Asojo, D. Guerin, Caren S. Martin
{"title":"A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of the Impact of Indoor Environmental Quality on Health and Well-Being in Office Buildings","authors":"Suyeon Bae, Abimbola Asojo, D. Guerin, Caren S. Martin","doi":"10.33423/jop.v17i6.1510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jop.v17i6.1510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127611501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-24DOI: 10.18178/JOCET.2018.6.3.463
Yulia A Kononova, Zhang Ning
Abstract —As it is known, people are spending an enormous amount of energy every day of their lives. Because of the uncontrolled energy usage, people have to increase energy production, that causes such problems as climate changes, environment pollution, animals’ extinction, and lack of energy sources. Nevertheless, nowadays, architectural development is getting faster, and there are kinds of buildings, which can save or even produce energy, combining several energy-saving principles. The main aim of this research is to provide information that helps to apply energy-saving methods while designing an environment-friendly building. The research methodology requires gathering relevant information from literature, building guidelines documents and previous research works in order to analyze it and sum up into a material that can be applied to energy-efficient building design. To mark results it should be noted that the usage of all the energy-saving methods applied to a design project of building results in ultra-low energy buildings that require little energy for space heating or cooling. As a conclusion it can be stated that developing methods of passive house design can decrease the need of energy production, which is an important problem that has to be solved in order to save planet sources and decrease environment
{"title":"Energy-Saving Methods and Principles of Energy-Efficient Concept Design in the Northern Hemisphere","authors":"Yulia A Kononova, Zhang Ning","doi":"10.18178/JOCET.2018.6.3.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/JOCET.2018.6.3.463","url":null,"abstract":" Abstract —As it is known, people are spending an enormous amount of energy every day of their lives. Because of the uncontrolled energy usage, people have to increase energy production, that causes such problems as climate changes, environment pollution, animals’ extinction, and lack of energy sources. Nevertheless, nowadays, architectural development is getting faster, and there are kinds of buildings, which can save or even produce energy, combining several energy-saving principles. The main aim of this research is to provide information that helps to apply energy-saving methods while designing an environment-friendly building. The research methodology requires gathering relevant information from literature, building guidelines documents and previous research works in order to analyze it and sum up into a material that can be applied to energy-efficient building design. To mark results it should be noted that the usage of all the energy-saving methods applied to a design project of building results in ultra-low energy buildings that require little energy for space heating or cooling. As a conclusion it can be stated that developing methods of passive house design can decrease the need of energy production, which is an important problem that has to be solved in order to save planet sources and decrease environment","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114304246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of Sustainability Practices Ingrained in Indian Culture","authors":"Shraddha Mahore Manjrekar","doi":"10.17758/eap.ae0317303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eap.ae0317303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121966770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_121
A. M. El-Aziz, M. A. El-hady, W. Khlifa
{"title":"Effect of High Intensity Ultrasonic Treatment on the Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Behaviour of AC7A Aluminum Alloy","authors":"A. M. El-Aziz, M. A. El-hady, W. Khlifa","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133268548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.7480/IPHS.2016.4.1287
Fu Xiao-qiang, Li Bai-hao
In 1895, the failure of Sino-Japanese prompted the trend of comprehensive and systematic study of western pattern in China. In urban planning and construction, urban reform movement sprang up slowly, which aimed at renovating and reconstructing the traditional cities into modern cities similar to the concessions. During the movement, Chinese traditional city initiated a process of modern urban planning for its modernization. Meanwhile, the traditional planning morphology and system started to disintegrate, on the contrary, western form and technology had become the paradigm. Therefore, the improvement of existing cities had become the prototype of urban planning of early modern China. Currently, researches of the movement mainly concentrate on large cities, concessions, railway hub cities and some special cities resembling those. However, the systematic research about the large number of traditional small and medium-sized cities is still blank, up to now. This paper takes the improvement constructions of small and medium-sized cities in Southern region of Jiangsu Province as the research object. First of all, the criteria of small and medium-sized cities are based on the administrative levels of general office and cities at the county level. Secondly, the suitability of taking the Southern Jiangsu as the research object. The southern area of Jiangsu province called Southern Jiangsu for short, was the most economically developed region in Jiangsu, and also one of the most economically developed and the highest urbanization regions in China. As the most developed agricultural areas in ancient China, Southern Jiangsu formed a large number of traditional small and medium-sized cities. In early modern times, with the help of the Shanghai economic radiation, geographical advantage and powerful economic foundation, Southern Jiangsu became an important birthplace of Chinese national industry. Furthermore, the strong business atmosphere promoted the widespread urban improvement practices, which were incomparable of other regions. Meanwhile, the demonstration of Shanghai, Zhenjiang, Suzhou and other port cities became the improvement pattern of small and medium-sized city in Southern Jiangsu. This paper analyzes the reform movement of the small and medium-sized cities in Southern Jiangsu (1895-1927), including the subjects, objects, laws, technologies and the influence factors of politic and society ,etc. At last, this paper reveals the formation mechanism and characteristics of urban improvement movement in early modern China. According to the paper, the improvement of small-medium city was a kind of gestation of the local city planning culture in early modern China，with a fusion of introduction and endophytism.
{"title":"A research on the improvement of small and medium-sized city in early modern China (1895—1927) -- Taking Southern Jiangsu as an example","authors":"Fu Xiao-qiang, Li Bai-hao","doi":"10.7480/IPHS.2016.4.1287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7480/IPHS.2016.4.1287","url":null,"abstract":"In 1895, the failure of Sino-Japanese prompted the trend of comprehensive and systematic study of western pattern in China. In urban planning and construction, urban reform movement sprang up slowly, which aimed at renovating and reconstructing the traditional cities into modern cities similar to the concessions. During the movement, Chinese traditional city initiated a process of modern urban planning for its modernization. Meanwhile, the traditional planning morphology and system started to disintegrate, on the contrary, western form and technology had become the paradigm. Therefore, the improvement of existing cities had become the prototype of urban planning of early modern China. Currently, researches of the movement mainly concentrate on large cities, concessions, railway hub cities and some special cities resembling those. However, the systematic research about the large number of traditional small and medium-sized cities is still blank, up to now. This paper takes the improvement constructions of small and medium-sized cities in Southern region of Jiangsu Province as the research object. First of all, the criteria of small and medium-sized cities are based on the administrative levels of general office and cities at the county level. Secondly, the suitability of taking the Southern Jiangsu as the research object. The southern area of Jiangsu province called Southern Jiangsu for short, was the most economically developed region in Jiangsu, and also one of the most economically developed and the highest urbanization regions in China. As the most developed agricultural areas in ancient China, Southern Jiangsu formed a large number of traditional small and medium-sized cities. In early modern times, with the help of the Shanghai economic radiation, geographical advantage and powerful economic foundation, Southern Jiangsu became an important birthplace of Chinese national industry. Furthermore, the strong business atmosphere promoted the widespread urban improvement practices, which were incomparable of other regions. Meanwhile, the demonstration of Shanghai, Zhenjiang, Suzhou and other port cities became the improvement pattern of small and medium-sized city in Southern Jiangsu. This paper analyzes the reform movement of the small and medium-sized cities in Southern Jiangsu (1895-1927), including the subjects, objects, laws, technologies and the influence factors of politic and society ,etc. At last, this paper reveals the formation mechanism and characteristics of urban improvement movement in early modern China. According to the paper, the improvement of small-medium city was a kind of gestation of the local city planning culture in early modern China，with a fusion of introduction and endophytism.","PeriodicalId":328948,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131769819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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