Biogas residues (BR) containing cellulose and lignin are produced with the rapid development of biogas engineering. BR can be used to prepare the filtrate reducer of water-based drilling fluid in oilfields by chemi-cal modification. BR from anaerobically fermenting grain stillage was alkalized and etherified by caustic soda and chloroacetic acid to prepare filtrate reducer, which was named as FBR. The long-chain crystalline polysaccharides were selected as dispersing agents (DA), and the water-soluble silicate was used as the cross-linking agent. After the hot rolling of FBR in saturated saltwater base mud for 16 h at 120°C, the filtration loss was increased from 7.20 mL/30 min before aging to 8.80 mL/30 min after aging. Compared with the commercial filtrate reducers, FBR had better tolerance to high temperature and salt, and lower cost.
{"title":"Synthesis of filtrate reducer from biogas residue and its application in drilling fluid","authors":"Weijun Long, Huize Leo, Yan-Qing Zhen, Chunliang Zhang, Wenshuai Hao, Zhongjin Wei, Xialei Zhu, Fengshan Zhou, Ruitao Cha","doi":"10.32964/tj19.3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.3.151","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas residues (BR) containing cellulose and lignin are produced with the rapid development of biogas engineering. BR can be used to prepare the filtrate reducer of water-based drilling fluid in oilfields by chemi-cal modification. BR from anaerobically fermenting grain stillage was alkalized and etherified by caustic soda and chloroacetic acid to prepare filtrate reducer, which was named as FBR. The long-chain crystalline polysaccharides were selected as dispersing agents (DA), and the water-soluble silicate was used as the cross-linking agent. After the hot rolling of FBR in saturated saltwater base mud for 16 h at 120°C, the filtration loss was increased from \u00007.20 mL/30 min before aging to 8.80 mL/30 min after aging. Compared with the commercial filtrate reducers, FBR had better tolerance to high temperature and salt, and lower cost.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121769470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the age of e-commerce, corrugated packaging is experiencing a resurgence; at least, consumers are receiving more corrugated boxes today than ever before. The corrugated box has been the main package for transporting goods for over 100 years, and corrugated board and boxes have been the focus of scientific study for about as long. For the last 50 years, box compressive test strength value (BCT) has been the main focus of research and testing. That was not always the case. In addition, many of today’s boxes experience a different end-use life than their predecessors.
{"title":"Historical perspectives of corrugated box testing for 2020","authors":"D. Coffin","doi":"10.32964/tj19.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of e-commerce, corrugated packaging is experiencing a resurgence; at least, consumers are receiving more corrugated boxes today than ever before. The corrugated box has been the main package for transporting goods for over 100 years, and corrugated board and boxes have been the focus of scientific study for about as long. For the last 50 years, box compressive test strength value (BCT) has been the main focus of research and testing. That was not always the case. In addition, many of today’s boxes experience a different end-use life than their predecessors.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120910647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.36548/jaicn.2020.3.006
Dr. Karrupusamy P.
The fundamental and core process of the natural language processing is the language modelling usually referred as the statistical language modelling. The language modelling is also considered to be vital in the processing the natural languages as the other chores such as the completion of sentences, recognition of speech automatically, translations of the statistical machines, and generation of text and so on. The success of the viable natural language processing totally relies on the quality of the modelling of the language. In the previous spans the research field such as the linguistics, psychology, speech recognition, data compression, neuroscience, machine translation etc. As the neural network are the very good choices for having a quality language modelling the paper presents the analysis of neural networks in the modelling of the language. Utilizing some of the dataset such as the Penn Tree bank, Billion Word Benchmark and the Wiki Test the neural network models are evaluated on the basis of the word error rate, perplexity and the bilingual evaluation under study scores to identify the optimal model.
自然语言处理的基础和核心过程是语言建模，通常称为统计语言建模。语言建模在自然语言处理中也被认为是至关重要的，如句子的完成、语音的自动识别、统计机器的翻译和文本的生成等。可行的自然语言处理的成功完全依赖于语言建模的质量。在此之前的研究领域涵盖了语言学、心理学、语音识别、数据压缩、神经科学、机器翻译等。鉴于神经网络是进行高质量语言建模的良好选择，本文对神经网络在语言建模中的应用进行了分析。利用Penn Tree bank、Billion Word Benchmark和Wiki Test等数据集，根据单词错误率、困惑度和学习分数下的双语评价对神经网络模型进行评估，以确定最优模型。
{"title":"Analysis of Neural Network Based Language Modeling","authors":"Dr. Karrupusamy P.","doi":"10.36548/jaicn.2020.3.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2020.3.006","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental and core process of the natural language processing is the language modelling usually referred as the statistical language modelling. The language modelling is also considered to be vital in the processing the natural languages as the other chores such as the completion of sentences, recognition of speech automatically, translations of the statistical machines, and generation of text and so on. The success of the viable natural language processing totally relies on the quality of the modelling of the language. In the previous spans the research field such as the linguistics, psychology, speech recognition, data compression, neuroscience, machine translation etc. As the neural network are the very good choices for having a quality language modelling the paper presents the analysis of neural networks in the modelling of the language. Utilizing some of the dataset such as the Penn Tree bank, Billion Word Benchmark and the Wiki Test the neural network models are evaluated on the basis of the word error rate, perplexity and the bilingual evaluation under study scores to identify the optimal model.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"175 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114074685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.36548/jaicn.2020.1.006
P. Karrupusamy
The fundamental and core process of the natural language processing is the language modelling usually referred as the statistical language modelling. The language modelling is also considered to be vital in the processing the natural languages as the other chores such as the completion of sentences, recognition of speech automatically, translations of the statistical machines, and generation of text and so on. The success of the viable natural language processing totally relies on the quality of the modelling of the language. In the previous spans the research field such as the linguistics, psychology, speech recognition, data compression, neuroscience, machine translation etc. As the neural network are the very good choices for having a quality language modelling the paper presents the analysis of neural networks in the modelling of the language. Utilizing some of the dataset such as the Penn Tree bank, Billion Word Benchmark and the Wiki Test the neural network models are evaluated on the basis of the word error rate, perplexity and the bilingual evaluation under study scores to identify the optimal model.
自然语言处理的基础和核心过程是语言建模，通常称为统计语言建模。语言建模在自然语言处理中也被认为是至关重要的，如句子的完成、语音的自动识别、统计机器的翻译和文本的生成等。可行的自然语言处理的成功完全依赖于语言建模的质量。在此之前的研究领域涵盖了语言学、心理学、语音识别、数据压缩、神经科学、机器翻译等。鉴于神经网络是进行高质量语言建模的良好选择，本文对神经网络在语言建模中的应用进行了分析。利用Penn Tree bank、Billion Word Benchmark和Wiki Test等数据集，根据单词错误率、困惑度和学习分数下的双语评价对神经网络模型进行评估，以确定最优模型。
{"title":"Analysis of Neural Network Based Language Modeling","authors":"P. Karrupusamy","doi":"10.36548/jaicn.2020.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2020.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental and core process of the natural language processing is the language modelling usually referred as the statistical language modelling. The language modelling is also considered to be vital in the processing the natural languages as the other chores such as the completion of sentences, recognition of speech automatically, translations of the statistical machines, and generation of text and so on. The success of the viable natural language processing totally relies on the quality of the modelling of the language. In the previous spans the research field such as the linguistics, psychology, speech recognition, data compression, neuroscience, machine translation etc. As the neural network are the very good choices for having a quality language modelling the paper presents the analysis of neural networks in the modelling of the language. Utilizing some of the dataset such as the Penn Tree bank, Billion Word Benchmark and the Wiki Test the neural network models are evaluated on the basis of the word error rate, perplexity and the bilingual evaluation under study scores to identify the optimal model.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122513661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2029
Sophea Nhean, S. I. N. Ayutthaya, Rachanee Rathanawong, F. Do
Adaptation of rubber tree clones to water-limited areas and maintenance of trunk radial growth are important keys for performance of genetic material. The rubber farmers need to shorten the interim phases to produce latex, which is considered “immature” phase, i.e. the time without income. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three important rubber tree clones: GT1, the elder clone as control, which is still widely used in Cambodia and West Africa; RRIM600, the “all-round” clone, the most planted clone in Thailand, the first world producer; and RRIT251, the expanding clone, recommended by the Rubber Authority of Thailand, all in the field condition. The investigation was conducted in a drought-prone area of Northeast Thailand, where the dry season lasts 5 to 6 months. The cumulated growth and the annual growth were analyzed 4.5 years after planting. The trunk girth and height were measured monthly. Main climatic variables were hourly recorded. The year was separated in three periods: the leaves-shed season from January to April, the wet season from May to September, and the dry season with canopy maintenance from October to December. The results showed significant clonal effect on both trunk girth and height; however, with relatively low differences. The trunk girth of clone RRIT251 was about 29 cm and 10% higher than GT1. The difference was not significant in RRIM600. The annual girth increment was mainly located in wet season (63%) without clonal effect. The clonal difference was occurred in the dry season, where RRIT251 was better performed particularly in the leave-shed period preceding wet season. On a monthly basis, the relative trunk girth increment rate was highly negatively related to the vapor pressure deficit. We hypothesized that rubber clones shared a common strategy of dehydration avoidance, while RRIT251 expressed a little less degree of avoidance.
{"title":"Immature growth performance of three important rubber tree (Hevae brasiliensis) clones in a drought-prone area","authors":"Sophea Nhean, S. I. N. Ayutthaya, Rachanee Rathanawong, F. Do","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2029","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptation of rubber tree clones to water-limited areas and maintenance of trunk radial growth are important keys for performance of genetic material. The rubber farmers need to shorten the interim phases to produce latex, which is considered “immature” phase, i.e. the time without income. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three important rubber tree clones: GT1, the elder clone as control, which is still widely used in Cambodia and West Africa; RRIM600, the “all-round” clone, the most planted clone in Thailand, the first world producer; and RRIT251, the expanding clone, recommended by the Rubber Authority of Thailand, all in the field condition. The investigation was conducted in a drought-prone area of Northeast Thailand, where the dry season lasts 5 to 6 months. The cumulated growth and the annual growth were analyzed 4.5 years after planting. The trunk girth and height were measured monthly. Main climatic variables were hourly recorded. The year was separated in three periods: the leaves-shed season from January to April, the wet season from May to September, and the dry season with canopy maintenance from October to December. The results showed significant clonal effect on both trunk girth and height; however, with relatively low differences. The trunk girth of clone RRIT251 was about 29 cm and 10% higher than GT1. The difference was not significant in RRIM600. The annual girth increment was mainly located in wet season (63%) without clonal effect. The clonal difference was occurred in the dry season, where RRIT251 was better performed particularly in the leave-shed period preceding wet season. On a monthly basis, the relative trunk girth increment rate was highly negatively related to the vapor pressure deficit. We hypothesized that rubber clones shared a common strategy of dehydration avoidance, while RRIT251 expressed a little less degree of avoidance.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132263639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2173
T. Pham, Huu Quan Nguyen, T. Nguyen, X. Dao, Danh Thuong Sy, Van-Son Le, H. Chu
The dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) is a plant protein subfamily expressed when soybean plants face abiotic stresses. These DREB proteins are also considered to activate the transcription of drought-resistant genes. In this study, we present the determined results of relationships between overexpression of Glycine max DREB2 (GmDREB2) with the transcription level of Glycine max pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (GmP5CS) gene, proline accumulation and drought tolerant ability transgenic soybean plants as the basis for selection of transgenic lines with high drought tolerance. GmDREB2 was inserted into a plant transgenic vector and the 35S-GmDREB2-cmyc construct was transferred into the soybean plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Recombinant GmDREB2 protein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa was expressed in four transgenic soybean lines in the T1 generation. The GmP5CS gene was shown to have significantly (P<0.05) increased expression in the T2 transgenic soybean lines and higher than compared to non-transgenic plants with considering both in well watered condition and stressed conditions were from 1.06 to 1.31-fold and 1.37 to 1.95-fold, respectively. The proline content of four transgenic soybean lines increased 155.81% to 187.42 % after five days in drought-stress conditions and increased from 180.52 % to 233.74 % after nine days under drought-stress conditions (P<0.05). Therefore, the overexpression of GmDREB2 resulted in increasing transcription level of P5CS gene, proline accumulation and drought-stress tolerance of the transgenic soybean plants. The GmDREB2 transformation into soybean plants was confirmed by the results of genetically modified lines in the T2 generation (T2-1, T2-6, T2-7, and T2-8) with higher drought tolerant ability than those of non-transgenic plants.
脱水响应元件结合(DREB)是大豆植物在面临非生物胁迫时表达的一个植物蛋白亚家族。这些DREB蛋白也被认为可以激活抗旱基因的转录。本研究提出了Glycine max DREB2 (GmDREB2)过表达与Glycine max pyroline -5-羧酸合成酶(Glycine max pyroline -5-羧酸合成酶，GmP5CS)基因转录水平、脯氨酸积累和转基因大豆耐旱性之间关系的确定结果，作为选择高耐旱性转基因品系的依据。将GmDREB2插入植物转基因载体中，通过农杆菌介导的转化将35S-GmDREB2-cmyc构建体转移到大豆植株中。在T1代的4个转基因大豆品系中表达了分子量约为20 kDa的重组GmDREB2蛋白。GmP5CS基因在T2转基因大豆品系中的表达量显著(P<0.05)增加，且在水分充足和逆境条件下均高于非转基因植株，分别为1.06 ~ 1.31倍和1.37 ~ 1.95倍。4个转基因大豆品系的脯氨酸含量在干旱胁迫5 d后从155.81%增加到187.42%，在干旱胁迫9 d后从180.52%增加到233.74% (P<0.05)。因此，GmDREB2过表达导致转基因大豆植株P5CS基因转录水平升高，脯氨酸积累增加，抗旱能力增强。转基因株系T2代(T2-1、T2-6、T2-7和T2-8)的耐旱能力高于非转基因株系，证实了GmDREB2在大豆植株中的转化。
{"title":"Overexpression of the GmDREB2 gene increases proline accumulation and tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants","authors":"T. Pham, Huu Quan Nguyen, T. Nguyen, X. Dao, Danh Thuong Sy, Van-Son Le, H. Chu","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2173","url":null,"abstract":"The dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) is a plant protein subfamily expressed when soybean plants face abiotic stresses. These DREB proteins are also considered to activate the transcription of drought-resistant genes. In this study, we present the determined results of relationships between overexpression of Glycine max DREB2 (GmDREB2) with the transcription level of Glycine max pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (GmP5CS) gene, proline accumulation and drought tolerant ability transgenic soybean plants as the basis for selection of transgenic lines with high drought tolerance. GmDREB2 was inserted into a plant transgenic vector and the 35S-GmDREB2-cmyc construct was transferred into the soybean plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Recombinant GmDREB2 protein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa was expressed in four transgenic soybean lines in the T1 generation. The GmP5CS gene was shown to have significantly (P<0.05) increased expression in the T2 transgenic soybean lines and higher than compared to non-transgenic plants with considering both in well watered condition and stressed conditions were from 1.06 to 1.31-fold and 1.37 to 1.95-fold, respectively. The proline content of four transgenic soybean lines increased 155.81% to 187.42 % after five days in drought-stress conditions and increased from 180.52 % to 233.74 % after nine days under drought-stress conditions (P<0.05). Therefore, the overexpression of GmDREB2 resulted in increasing transcription level of P5CS gene, proline accumulation and drought-stress tolerance of the transgenic soybean plants. The GmDREB2 transformation into soybean plants was confirmed by the results of genetically modified lines in the T2 generation (T2-1, T2-6, T2-7, and T2-8) with higher drought tolerant ability than those of non-transgenic plants.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p1647
Rodrigo Moura Pereira, D. Casaroli, L. Vellame, J. A. Junior, A. W. P. Evangelista, R. Battisti
Water deficit (WD) is the main yield gap for sugarcane in Midwest Brazil. Thus, WD detection is essential to quantify yield losses, but field detection requires measurement of soil water content over large areas. In this study, we tested leaf temperature (TL) and land surface temperature (TS) to detect WD in a commercial sugarcane area. The area is located in the central region of Goiás State, Brazil. According to Köppen classification, the climate of the region is Aw (humid tropical, with rainy summer and dry winter). The soil is a Ferralsol (clayey texture). TL was measured by a portable infrared thermometer, and TS was obtained using a spectral image from Landsat 8. Both TL and TS measurements occurred between 28 Jan and 24 Aug 2014 (298-506 DAP). The water balance identified periods of water deficit (WD) and surplus (WS). The difference between TL Ta was greater than zero (7.11 °C) in WD periods and lower than zero (-2.18 °C) in WS periods. The difference between TS-Ta, in turn, ranged from -0.66 °C to 4.06 °C, but not following the tendency of WD or WS, which is associated with a relative error between TL and TS near 20% for some date. The TS Ta difference detected soil WD or WS when the relative error was low (362 and 410 DAP) and under higher WD (506 DAP) and WS (394 DAP). This way, TL was able to detect WD and WS along sugarcane growth, while TS showed limited application, requiring improvement based on surface properties to reduce the error in relation to TL. Furthermore, bands 10 and 11 are recommended for surface temperature estimation. Calibration uncertainty increases when the band 11 is used alone, being this band more affected by the absorption of radiation by the atmospheric water vapor, which implies larger errors related to the atmospheric profile in the acquisition of surface temperature.
{"title":"Water deficit detection in sugarcane using canopy temperature from satellite images","authors":"Rodrigo Moura Pereira, D. Casaroli, L. Vellame, J. A. Junior, A. W. P. Evangelista, R. Battisti","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p1647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p1647","url":null,"abstract":"Water deficit (WD) is the main yield gap for sugarcane in Midwest Brazil. Thus, WD detection is essential to quantify yield losses, but field detection requires measurement of soil water content over large areas. In this study, we tested leaf temperature (TL) and land surface temperature (TS) to detect WD in a commercial sugarcane area. The area is located in the central region of Goiás State, Brazil. According to Köppen classification, the climate of the region is Aw (humid tropical, with rainy summer and dry winter). The soil is a Ferralsol (clayey texture). TL was measured by a portable infrared thermometer, and TS was obtained using a spectral image from Landsat 8. Both TL and TS measurements occurred between 28 Jan and 24 Aug 2014 (298-506 DAP). The water balance identified periods of water deficit (WD) and surplus (WS). The difference between TL Ta was greater than zero (7.11 °C) in WD periods and lower than zero (-2.18 °C) in WS periods. The difference between TS-Ta, in turn, ranged from -0.66 °C to 4.06 °C, but not following the tendency of WD or WS, which is associated with a relative error between TL and TS near 20% for some date. The TS Ta difference detected soil WD or WS when the relative error was low (362 and 410 DAP) and under higher WD (506 DAP) and WS (394 DAP). This way, TL was able to detect WD and WS along sugarcane growth, while TS showed limited application, requiring improvement based on surface properties to reduce the error in relation to TL. Furthermore, bands 10 and 11 are recommended for surface temperature estimation. Calibration uncertainty increases when the band 11 is used alone, being this band more affected by the absorption of radiation by the atmospheric water vapor, which implies larger errors related to the atmospheric profile in the acquisition of surface temperature.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2213
I. Moreira, W. P. Silva, J. P. Gomes, D. S. D. Castro, L. M. Silva, F. C. D. Sousa, JozelyFranciscaMello Lima, C. M. D. Silva, Jemima Ferreira Lisbôa, Henrique Valentim Moura
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of convective drying at different temperatures on the physical and chemical properties of kiwifruit powder. Circular kiwi slices were cut with thickness of 5.0 mm and subjected to different drying air temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC). After drying, the slices were ground to obtain the powder and characterized for the physical parameters, physicochemical parameters and bioactive compounds. The powders were characterized for physical and physicochemical attributes and bioactive compounds. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and to Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. Kiwifruit powders obtained by convective drying at 50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC were classified as non-hygroscopic, showing good flowability and low cohesiveness. Kiwifruit powders obtained at temperatures of 70 and 80 ºC had lower moisture content and water activity, with predominance of yellow intensity over red intensity, which influenced their final color according to the drying air temperature. Powders obtained at the four drying temperatures showed significant amounts of bioactive compounds; thus, they can be consumed in powder and used in the preparation of food products. However, samples dehydrated at temperature of 70 ºC had higher contents of phenolic compounds compared to the others.
{"title":"Drying effect on physical and physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of kiwifruit powder","authors":"I. Moreira, W. P. Silva, J. P. Gomes, D. S. D. Castro, L. M. Silva, F. C. D. Sousa, JozelyFranciscaMello Lima, C. M. D. Silva, Jemima Ferreira Lisbôa, Henrique Valentim Moura","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2213","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of convective drying at different temperatures on the physical and chemical properties of kiwifruit powder. Circular kiwi slices were cut with thickness of 5.0 mm and subjected to different drying air temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC). After drying, the slices were ground to obtain the powder and characterized for the physical parameters, physicochemical parameters and bioactive compounds. The powders were characterized for physical and physicochemical attributes and bioactive compounds. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replicates, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and to Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. Kiwifruit powders obtained by convective drying at 50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC were classified as non-hygroscopic, showing good flowability and low cohesiveness. Kiwifruit powders obtained at temperatures of 70 and 80 ºC had lower moisture content and water activity, with predominance of yellow intensity over red intensity, which influenced their final color according to the drying air temperature. Powders obtained at the four drying temperatures showed significant amounts of bioactive compounds; thus, they can be consumed in powder and used in the preparation of food products. However, samples dehydrated at temperature of 70 ºC had higher contents of phenolic compounds compared to the others.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131716620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2595
M. N. A. Sousa, M. Mesquita, J. F. F. Orlanda, Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior
Studies in the area of allelopathy in agriculture have increased due to search on alternative methods of weed control compared to conventional herbicides. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the Lippia origanoides essential oil on weeds of the species Bidens subalternans, Euphorbia heterophylla and Macroptilium lathyroides. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of L. origanoides by means of hydrodistillation and diluted in the concentrations of 0.01 to 1%. The chemistry composition was determined by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometry. Phytotoxic activity was evaluated in pre and post-emergence by tests of germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll content and cellular respiration. The results demonstrated an essential oil rich in monoterpenes, mainly oxygenated, with camphor as the major compound. In general, both germination and seedling development were entirely inhibited by essential oil, decreasing with increasing concentrations. The concentrations 0.5 and 1.0% totally inhibited the germination of B. subalternans, but did not affect the germination of M. lathyroides. The essential oil sprayed on the weed leaves had no effect on chlorophyll content but was able to induce visible injuries such as necrosis and chlorosis. Only the cellular respiration of E. heterophylla was affected by the essential oil. All the phytotoxic effects observed are due to the high content of monoterpenes in the essential oil, mainly the oxygenates, and also the concentration used. Therefore, the L. origanoides essential oil have bioherbicidal potential for the tested species.
{"title":"Chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of Lippia origanoides essential oil on weeds","authors":"M. N. A. Sousa, M. Mesquita, J. F. F. Orlanda, Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2595","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in the area of allelopathy in agriculture have increased due to search on alternative methods of weed control compared to conventional herbicides. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the Lippia origanoides essential oil on weeds of the species Bidens subalternans, Euphorbia heterophylla and Macroptilium lathyroides. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of L. origanoides by means of hydrodistillation and diluted in the concentrations of 0.01 to 1%. The chemistry composition was determined by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometry. Phytotoxic activity was evaluated in pre and post-emergence by tests of germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll content and cellular respiration. The results demonstrated an essential oil rich in monoterpenes, mainly oxygenated, with camphor as the major compound. In general, both germination and seedling development were entirely inhibited by essential oil, decreasing with increasing concentrations. The concentrations 0.5 and 1.0% totally inhibited the germination of B. subalternans, but did not affect the germination of M. lathyroides. The essential oil sprayed on the weed leaves had no effect on chlorophyll content but was able to induce visible injuries such as necrosis and chlorosis. Only the cellular respiration of E. heterophylla was affected by the essential oil. All the phytotoxic effects observed are due to the high content of monoterpenes in the essential oil, mainly the oxygenates, and also the concentration used. Therefore, the L. origanoides essential oil have bioherbicidal potential for the tested species.","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127465138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Debris covered glaciers and related lakes: understanding the challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2020-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2020-071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330888,"journal":{"name":"March 2020","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129117442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：